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Canonic Code (view source)

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(Created page with " Canonic is ==Introduction== ... ==Phonology== ... ===Orthography=== ===Consonants=== ===Vowels=== ===Prosody=== ====Stress==== ====Intonation==== ===Phonotactics=== ===Morphophonology=== ==Morphology== ==Syntax== ===Constituent order=== ===Noun phrase=== ===Verb phrase=== ===Sentence phrase=== ===Dependent clauses=== < ==Example texts== [[Category:{{subst:PAGENAME}}]] Category:Languages Category:Conlangs")
 
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====Intonation====
====Intonation====


===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===


===Morphophonology===
===Morphophonology===
Line 31: Line 29:
==Morphology==
==Morphology==


==Syntax==
==X==
==Canonic==
[...]
Canonic onset clusters: [...]
[...] The language may gain considerable fusional morphology in the [[Adamic Code#Canonic|Canonic register]].
Canonic coda clusters: [...]
The Adamic Code can be spoken in a poetic register, called Canonic, where the Coloration Table is almost abused in grammatical restructuration. In this register, for example, sound laws follow coloration rules, as well as cases and verbal conjugations, in such form that another language is created within the language after abandoning the system of patterns. Vide the translation of "I think the person is dead":
:  ''avâla murá-su, askút'' (Adamic) > ''ālbai muris, sia'' (Canonic)
table...
diphthongs to monophthongs
iu > y, ui > ȳ
ia > e, ai > ē
ua > o, au > ō
triphthongs to diphthongs
ui-u > ȳu, iu-u > yu, u-ui > uȳ, u-iu > uy
ia-u > eu, ai-u > ēu, u-ia > ue, u-ai > uē
ua-i > oi, au-i > ōi, i-ua > io, i-au > iō
in case of incompatibility, the repeated vowel is lost (EX: ia-i > e, and not ei); also, when a long dipthong is reduced, a central vowel is added (EX: āi > ēa).
===Sound Changes===
With the [[w:Phonological rule|generative notation]] developed in the 20<sup>th</sup> Century by [[w:Noam Chomsky|Noam Chomsky]] and [[w:Morris Halle|Morris Halle]]<ref name="Chomsky; Halle">[[w:The Sound Pattern of English|The Sound Pattern of English]] (1968).</ref>...
{| class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="text-align:center;"
! -/+
! |I-type
! |U-type
! |A-type
|-
!H-type
| {{Phonorule|C|0|_#}}
| {{Phonorule|C|0|_#}}
| {{Phonorule|C|0|_#}}
|-
!S-type
| {{Phonorule|C|0|_#}}
| {{Phonorule|C|0|_#}}
| {{Phonorule|C|0|_#}}
|-
!K-type
| {{Phonorule|C|0|_#}}
| {{Phonorule|C|0|_#}}
| {{Phonorule|C|0|_#}}
|}
{{Multifeature|-voice}}
{{Phonorule|{V// <low>}|{V// nasal // <low>}|{V// nasal // <glottalized>}C<sub>0</sub>_}}
Coherent with Index Diachronica...
In Sca2
Sets: (non-supported)
Z=ẞÞÐ (different from S, as it is a sequence)
G=JWR (different from V, as it is a sequence)
ẞ=sz, Þ=fv, Ð=c'
ẞ→/#_/#_J
S→/#_/#_JWR
Categories:
V=yaeiouȳāēīōū
Y=yaeiou
Ȳ=ȳāēīōū
J=ieīē
W=uoūō
R=yaȳā
C=kpthnlsfcgbdqmrzv'
-=kpthnlsfc
+=gbdqmrzv'
K=kgpbtd
S=szfvc'
H=hqnmlr
Q=123456
1=kghqsz
2=pbnmfv
3=tdlrc'
I=khs
Ī=gqz
U=pnf
Ū=bmv
A=tlc
Ā=dr'
Rewrite rules:
i|1
u|2
nd|3
mb|4
lb|5
rd|6
Sound Changes:
V→/#_CVVCVVCVV
V→/#_CVCVVCVV
V→/#_CVVCVCVV
V→/#_CVVCVVCV
V→/#_CVCVCVV
V→/#_CVCVVCV
V→/#_CVVCVCV
V→/#_CVCVCV
V→/#_CVVCVV
V→/#_CVCVV
V→/#_CVVCV
V→/#_CVCV
CV→/CV_CV
V→/CVCVC_#
V→/CVCVCC_#
ia→e/_
ai→ē/_
uo→o/_
au→ō/_
ui→ȳ/_
iu→y/_
K→S/[īē]_
K→H/[ūō]_
K→S/_J
K→H/_W
H→Q/R_R
C→/_#
[sz]→/#_/#_J
[sz]→/_#/J_#
[fv]→/#_/#_W
[fv]→/_#/W_#
[c']→/#_/#_R
[c']→/_#/R_#
+→-/_#
-→+/V_V
: ''asakata'' > ''*_sakata'' > ''*sa_ta'' > ''*'''s'''ata'' > ''*a'''t'''a'' > ''ada''
: ''asakasta'' > ''*_sakasta'' > ''*sakast_'' > ''*'''s'''akast'' > ''*akas'''t''''' > ''*aka'''s''''' > ''*a'''k'''a'' > ''aga''


: ''asakastar'' > ''*_sakastar'' > ''*'''s'''akastar'' > ''*a'''k'''astar'' > ''*agasta'''r''''' > ''agasta''


==Syntax==


===Constituent order===
gīg
bībl
kun
saikat
daitas
būl
agalala
datasiu
avāla
>
zī
ī
hu
sēza
ē'a
mū
galba
dazy
ālba
 
stemic harmony in canonic:
 
sikūtí (-s-k-t-) >  siqūl- (-s-k-l-) *third member harmonized
 
(-k-p-g-) > (-k-n-z-) *second and third members harmonized
 
 
 
vocalic change
 
ka > ho, ky > hu
 
pa > fe, py > fi
 
====Alternation====
 
'''Accrescence''' (...): type-1 consonants extend to ...
 
'''Excrescence''' (''{{Phonorule|H|Q|V_R}}''): type-2 consonants extend to ''i'', ''u'', ''nd'', ''mb'', ''lb'', and ''rd'' respectively when intervovalic as onset to A-vowels.
 
'''Decrescence''' (''{{Phonorule|Z|∅|[#]_[#]/[G]_[G]}}''): type-3 consonants disappear when marginal, except when in contact with their respective dominant vowel.
 
====Elision====
 
Apocape (1): in a word with three syllables or more, the initial unstressed syllable is lost if it lacks an onset or a long vowel.
 
Syncope (2): in a word with three syllables or more, the middle unstressed syllable is lost if it is not closed by a coda or possesses a long vowel.
 
Aphaeresis (3): in a word with three syllables or more, the last unstressed syllable is lost if it lacks a coda or a long vowel.
 
====Epenthesis====
 
Prothesis: in a word with two or just one syllable, if there is an initial consonant cluster, a vowel (depending on the nature of the consonant) is added.
EX: ...
 
Anaptyxis: in a word with two or just one syllable, if there is a middle consonant cluster, the vowel /a/ is added.
EX: 'atlya > adalyal
 
Paragoge: in a word with two or just one syllable, if there is a final consonant cluster, a vowel (depending on the nature of the consonant).
EX: palk > palsil
 
====Harmony====
 
(used in special cases of other laws)
 
Haplology:
dadasa > dasa
 
Compensatory lengthening
bûl (*bbûl) > *uvvūl > ūvūl
gal (*gall) > *galla > gāla
 
Metathesis: glides only where the stress is
garda, gráda, gadrá
 
adtís > addís
 
Final devoicing (''{{Phonorule|-sonorant|-voice|_#}}'')
 
Initial voicing
 
 
 
{{Phonorule|a|y|_{iu}}}
 
 
dad > dat
 
Intervocalic voicing
ata > ada
 
 
/ai̯/ > /eː/
/i̯a/ > /e/
/au̯/ > /oː/
/u̯a/ > /o/
/u̯i/~/ui̯/ > /ɯ/~/yː/
/i̯u/~/iu̯/ > /y/~/ɯː/
 
 
/e/ > /i/
/o/ > /u/
 
 
Word derivation is less intricate in Canonic.
 
skt > saga, sazēia (-) / sia, siēia / kada, kaēia (+)
 
gll > galba, gallēia (-) / galba, gallēia / alba, allēia (+)
 
krp > karda, karrēia  (-) / kāba, kāmēia / raba, ramēia (+)
 
qfl >  qava, qavēia (-) / qulba, qullēia / falba, fallēia (+)
 
karda "murder" > karri "murderer" / karru "victim", raba "execution" > rami "executioner" / ravu "prisoner"
 
i (concrete, active terms) / u  (abstract, passive terms)
 
 
 
''qiat azīs hu'' "he saw the giant's dog"
 
''avāda sazēia'' "the temptations of humans"
 
k’ālú "to be in a place"
 
 
∅ = sēzu "I philosophize", sēgau "I will philosophize"
 
Íz > IgÁ
 
Úq > UgÁ
 
Í' > IdÁ
 
Úr > UdÁ
 
Ím > IbÁ
 
Úv > UbÁ
 
===Sandhi===
 
====Internal Euphony====
 
====External Euphony====
 
===Meter===
Canonic extends the concepts of "short" and "long" in Adamic grammar to the syllable as a whole, identifying the following segments:
 
*(C)<sup>2</sup>V(C̥) ([[w:Syllable weight|light]])
 
*(C)<sup>2</sup>VV(C̥) ~ (C)<sup>2</sup>V̄(C̥) ~ (C)<sup>2</sup>VC̬(C̥) ([[w:Syllable weight|heavy]])
 
*(C)<sup>2</sup>V̄V(C̥) ~ (C)<sup>2</sup>VVC̬(C̥) ~ (C)<sup>2</sup>V̄C̬(C̥) ([[w:Syllable weight|superheavy]])
 
Any other arrangement, such as ''(C)(C)V̄VC̬'', is forbidden. [...] Non-sonorant consonants if [...] C̬ = one sonorant or two non-sonorant consonants, C̥ = one non-sonorant consonant
 
light (μ<sub>1</sub>)
heavy (μ<sub>2</sub>)
superheavy (μ<sub>3</sub>)
 
A line of 36 morae ranges from 12 superheavy syllables up to 36 light syllables [...]
 
====Caesura====
 
====Elision====
KH- KH/HK -HK
 
monosyllabic stressed word attracts article
bîbl /ˈbiːbl/ + iru /iru/ = bîbliru
... = bîbliru
 
canonic allophones
kʲ kʷ kʰ gʲ gʷ gʱ
pʲ pʷ pʰ bʲ bʷ bʱ
tʲ tʷ tʰ bʲ bʷ bʱ
 
canonic clusters
hk ɦg hp ɦb ht ɦd / ŋk ŋg mp mb nt nd / lk rk lg rg lp rp lb rb lt rt ld rd
kh gɦ ph bɦ th dɦ / kŋ gŋ pm bm tn dn / kl kr gl gr pl pr bl br tl tr dl dr
 
the equivalent of ''lucifer'' "lightbearer" would be ''haípar'' (h’l + p'r X i/aí/a/)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
not pro-drop (subject is only ommitted in relative clauses)
 
suma "who?" > cu masu-ta "you being ...?", cu suma-ta "who are you?"
aliúma "where?" > cu maliú-ta "where are you going?", cu aliúma-ta "where are you from?"
OBL + ma = interrogative
 
 
the verb tends to be left-bound and close to the noun when a participle
 
kûnira kaxáp "the dog is taken"
 
káxap kûniru "the taken dog"
 
 
syntx of case and verb
''asak āqfúl-un'' "I spoke with him"
''masak āqfúl-un'' "whom I spoke with"
active:
ergative if subject; accusative if object
passive:
accusative if subject; ergative if object
 
 
xûlira, su bîblira aqilá, siktí aqilá "the philosopher sees the man, who sees the book"
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
''āvala aru k’a agaúl'' "if a man is strong he eats"
 
''k’ātásu āvala aru agaúl iāt'' "if a man eats he is strong"
 
āvala iru imfar
murásu āvala
 
 
combinations such as *sr (SH/HS) and *sp (SK/KS) are not possible, and will trigger the insertion of vowels
EX: ask > asak
 
-k-h-s- "one" kis ~ ksi ~ iks ... káhs
-p-n-f- "two" puf ~ pfu ~ upf ... pánf
-t-l-c- "three" tac ~ tca ~ atc ... tálc
-g-q-z- "four" gīz ... gaíz
-b-m-v- "five" būv ~ bvū ~ ūbv ... baúv
-d-r-'- "six" dā' ~ d'ā ~ ād' ... dâ'
 
khis, nuf, tlac, ghīz, mūv, drā
 
kihs 1
punf 2
talc 3
qīz 4
nūv 5
drā 6
drāsi 7
nūca 8
qīfu 9
unū 10
unūs 11
udrā 12
udrās 13
udrāf 14
anū 15
anūs 16
anūf 17
adrā 18
adrās 19
īnū 20
īnūs 21
īnūf 22
īnūc 23
īdrā 24
ūnū 25
ūnūs 26
ūnūf 27
ūnūc 28
ūnūzi 29
ūdrā/ānū 30
...
ādrā 36
...
upādrā 72
...
īqādrā 144
...
ādupādrā 432
 
ikh/si up/fu at/ca īq/zī ūn/vū ād/ā
 
kihs ghīz  ikh hzī
punf bmūv upn mvū
talc drā' atl r'ā
/
drāikh 7
ghīzu 8
talcatl 9
mūvu 10
...
drā'atl 18
drā'rā 36
 
''drā’ikh'' 7, ''drā’upn'' 12, ''drā’atl'' 18, ''drā’zī'' 24, ''drā’vū'' 30, ''drā’’ā'' 36
 
Non-finite verbs are (despite the name) more treated as defective nouns. They lack article yet behave as if were regulated by them
 
''murú appúral'' "I do not pretend to die"
''ígul mārasu'' "eating is good
 
''liviatan'' "whale"
''maubidik'' "sperm whale"
''bailzaibub'' "fly"
''drakula'' "bat"
''ganaisa'' "elephant"
 
''aran bailzaibub gulí amārâ-la, qaut babaiaga'' "flies don't like getting eaten, said the witch"
 
 
3 genders, but the masculine can be treated as the neuter
 
mostly synthetic
 
====Canonic Inflection/Conjugation====
 
In the Canonic register of Adamic, affixes are modified according to the Coloration Table and the Triptote Table in order to assign fusional significance to its phonemes. [...] There are 150 possibilities out of 36 permutations.
 
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="6" | CANONIC DECLENSION
|-
! colspan="3" | Singular
! colspan="3" | Plural
|-
! Definite
! Indefinite
! Nomic
! Definite
! Indefinite
! Nomic
|-
! Nominative
| -h{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -ay{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || -n{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -aw{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || -l{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -a{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || -q{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -āy{{ref|A|A}}, -ēia{{ref|B|B}} || -m{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -āw{{ref|A|A}}, -ōua{{ref|B|B}} || -r{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -ā{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}}
|-
! Accusative
| -s{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}, -∅{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}{{ref|4|4}}, -i{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || -f{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|2|2}}, -∅{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|3|3}}{{ref|4|4}}, -u{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || -c{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|4|4}}, -a{{ref|A|A}} || -z{{ref|0|0}}, -za{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -ī{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || -v{{ref|0|0}}, -va{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -ū{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || -'{{ref|0|0}}, -'a{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -ā{{ref|A|A}}
|-
! Dative
| -k{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|3|3}}, -s{{ref|1|1}}, -h{{ref|2|2}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -ya{{ref|A|A}}, -e{{ref|B|B}} || -p{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|3|3}}, -n{{ref|1|1}}, -f{{ref|2|2}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -wa{{ref|A|A}}, -o{{ref|B|B}} || -t{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|3|3}}, -l{{ref|2|2}}, -∅{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|4|4}}, -a{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || -g{{ref|0|0}}, -za{{ref|1|1}}, -q{{ref|2|2}}, -ga{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -yā{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || -b{{ref|0|0}}, -m{{ref|1|1}}, -va{{ref|2|2}}, -ba{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -wā{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || -d{{ref|0|0}}, -'a{{ref|1|1}}, -r{{ref|2|2}}, -da{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -ā{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}}
|-
! Copulative
| a-X-h{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, a-X-∅{{ref|4|4}}, ay-{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || a-X-n{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, a-X-∅{{ref|4|4}}, aw-{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || a-X-l{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, a-X-∅{{ref|4|4}}, a-{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || a-X-q{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, a-X-∅{{ref|4|4}}, āy-{{ref|A|A}}, ēi-{{ref|B|B}} || a-X-m{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, a-X-∅{{ref|4|4}}, āw-{{ref|A|A}}, ōu-{{ref|B|B}} || a-X-r{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, a-X-∅{{ref|4|4}}, ā-{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}}
|-
! Ergative
| a-X-s{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}, a-X-∅{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}{{ref|4|4}}, i-{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || a-X-f{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|2|2}}, a-X-∅{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|3|3}}{{ref|4|4}}, u-{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || a-X-c{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|3|3}}, a-X-∅{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|4|4}}, a-{{ref|A|A}} || a-X-z{{ref|0|0}}, a-X-za{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, a-X-∅{{ref|4|4}}, ī-{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || a-X-v{{ref|0|0}}, -va{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, a-X-∅{{ref|4|4}}, ū-{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || a-X-'{{ref|0|0}}, a-X-'a{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, a-X-∅{{ref|4|4}}, ā-{{ref|A|A}}
|-
! Genitive
| a-X-k{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|3|3}}, a-X-s{{ref|1|1}}, a-X-h{{ref|2|2}}, a-X-∅{{ref|4|4}}, ya-{{ref|A|A}}, e-{{ref|B|B}} || a-X-p{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|3|3}}, a-X-n{{ref|1|1}}, -f{{ref|2|2}}, a-X-∅{{ref|4|4}}, wa-{{ref|A|A}}, o-{{ref|B|B}} || a-X-t{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|3|3}}, a-X-l{{ref|2|2}}, a-X-∅{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|4|4}}, a-{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || a-X-g{{ref|0|0}}, a-X-za{{ref|1|1}}, a-X-q{{ref|2|2}}, a-X-ga{{ref|3|3}}, a-X-∅{{ref|4|4}}, yā-{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || a-X-b{{ref|0|0}}, a-X-m{{ref|1|1}}, a-X-va{{ref|2|2}}, a-X-ba{{ref|3|3}}, a-X-∅{{ref|4|4}}, wā-{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || a-X-d{{ref|0|0}}, a-X-'a{{ref|1|1}}, a-X-r{{ref|2|2}}, a-X-da{{ref|3|3}}, a-X-∅{{ref|4|4}}, ā-{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}}
|-
|}
 
 
{{note|0|0}} Consonantal stem; {{note|1|1}} I-stem; {{note|2|2}} U-stem; {{note|3|3}} A-stem; {{note|4|4}} Repeated stem; {{note|A|A}} Vocalic stem; {{note|B|B}} Irregular stem.
 
The canonic conjugation, for lacking the subjunctive and junctive functions or a finite verb, and the presence of non-finite forms, is relegated as a class of enunciative constructions often associated with literary practices. That is: canonic verbs appear in narration solely, or when an event is being described without biases. Vide the translation of "'I think that he is dead,' he said":
 
: ''"murá-su, askút," quat''
 
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="6" | CANONIC CONJUGATION
|-
! colspan="3" | Singular
! colspan="3" | Plural
|-
! 2<sup>nd</sup>-person
! 1<sup>st</sup>-person
! 3<sup>rd</sup>-person
! 2<sup>nd</sup>-person
! 1<sup>st</sup>-person
! 3<sup>rd</sup>-person
|-
! Active Future
| -h{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -ay{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || -n{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -aw{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || -l{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -a{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || -q{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -āy{{ref|A|A}}, -ēia{{ref|B|B}} || -m{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -āw{{ref|A|A}}, -ōua{{ref|B|B}} || -r{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -ā{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}}
|-
! Active Present
| -s{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}, -∅{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}{{ref|4|4}}, -i{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || -f{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|2|2}}, -∅{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|3|3}}{{ref|4|4}}, -u{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || -c{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|4|4}}, -a{{ref|A|A}} || -z{{ref|0|0}}, -za{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -ī{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || -v{{ref|0|0}}, -va{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -ū{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || -'{{ref|0|0}}, -'a{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -ā{{ref|A|A}}
|-
! Active Past
| -k{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|3|3}}, -s{{ref|1|1}}, -h{{ref|2|2}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -ya{{ref|A|A}}, -e{{ref|B|B}} || -p{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|3|3}}, -n{{ref|1|1}}, -f{{ref|2|2}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -wa{{ref|A|A}}, -o{{ref|B|B}} || -t{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|3|3}}, -l{{ref|2|2}}, -∅{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|4|4}}, -a{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || -g{{ref|0|0}}, -za{{ref|1|1}}, -q{{ref|2|2}}, -ga{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -yā{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || -b{{ref|0|0}}, -m{{ref|1|1}}, -va{{ref|2|2}}, -ba{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -wā{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || -d{{ref|0|0}}, -'a{{ref|1|1}}, -r{{ref|2|2}}, -da{{ref|3|3}}, -∅{{ref|4|4}}, -ā{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}}
|-
! Passive Future
| h-X-a{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, ∅-X-a{{ref|4|4}}, ay-{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || n-X-a{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, a-X-∅{{ref|4|4}}, aw-{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || l-X-a{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, ∅-X-a{{ref|4|4}}, a-{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || q-X-a{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, ∅-X-a{{ref|4|4}}, āy-{{ref|A|A}}, ēi-{{ref|B|B}} || m-X-a{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, ∅-X-a{{ref|4|4}}, āw-{{ref|A|A}}, ōu-{{ref|B|B}} || r-X-a{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, ∅-X-a{{ref|4|4}}, ā-{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}}
|-
! Passive Present
| s-X-a{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|1|1}}, ∅-X-a{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}{{ref|4|4}}, i-{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || f-X-a{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|2|2}}, ∅-X-a{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|3|3}}{{ref|4|4}}, u-{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || c-X-a{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|3|3}}, ∅-X-a{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|4|4}}, a-{{ref|A|A}} || z-X-a{{ref|0|0}}, za-X-a{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, ∅-X-a{{ref|4|4}}, ī-{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || v-X-a{{ref|0|0}}, va-X-a{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, ∅-X-a{{ref|4|4}}, ū-{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || '-X-a{{ref|0|0}}, 'a-X-a{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|2|2}}{{ref|3|3}}, ∅-X-a{{ref|4|4}}, ā-{{ref|A|A}}
|-
! Passive Past
| k-X-a{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|3|3}}, s-X-a{{ref|1|1}}, h-X-a{{ref|2|2}}, ∅-X-a{{ref|4|4}}, ya-{{ref|A|A}}, e-{{ref|B|B}} || p-X-a{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|3|3}}, n-X-a{{ref|1|1}}, f-X-a{{ref|2|2}}, ∅-X-a{{ref|4|4}}, wa-{{ref|A|A}}, o-{{ref|B|B}} || t-X-a{{ref|0|0}}{{ref|3|3}}, l-X-a{{ref|2|2}}, ∅-X-a{{ref|1|1}}{{ref|4|4}}, a-{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || g-X-a{{ref|0|0}}, za-X-a{{ref|1|1}}, q-X-a{{ref|2|2}}, ga-X-a{{ref|3|3}}, ∅-X-a{{ref|4|4}}, yā-{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || b-X-a{{ref|0|0}}, m-X-a{{ref|1|1}}, va-X-a{{ref|2|2}}, ba-X-a{{ref|3|3}}, ∅-X-a{{ref|4|4}}, wā-{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}} || d-X-a{{ref|0|0}}, 'a-X-a{{ref|1|1}}, r-X-a{{ref|2|2}}, da-X-a{{ref|3|3}}, ∅-X-a{{ref|4|4}}, ā-{{ref|A|A}}{{ref|B|B}}
|-
|}
 
{{note|0|0}} Consonantal stem; {{note|1|1}} I-stem; {{note|2|2}} U-stem; {{note|3|3}} A-stem; {{note|4|4}} Repeated stem; {{note|A|A}} Vocalic stem; {{note|B|B}} Irregular stem.
 
The Canonic Declension distinguishes itself from the Canonic Conjugation merely by inverting the inclusion of ''-a-''. Compare the pair ''zīs'' "to the giant" / ''azīs'' "the giant's" with ''kāuf'' "I kill" / ''iāpa'' "I am killed".
 
''nun/nȳō'', ''lih/sȳē'', ''al/sȳa'' (nom)
 
''nuf/nȳu'', ''lis/sȳi'', ''ac/sȳa'' (acc)
 
''nuf/nȳua'', ''lis/sȳia'', ''at/sȳa'' (dat)
 
mū (n > m-u-u)
 
ry (l > r-i-u)
 
zō (∅ > z-a-u)


===Noun phrase===
[[Adamic Code#Canonic|Triptote Inflection]]


===Verb phrase===
[[w:Participle|infinite participles]]


===Sentence phrase===


===Dependent clauses===


<
<
Veno
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