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====Alternation==== | ====Alternation==== | ||
=====Accrescence===== (...): type-1 consonants extend to ... | |||
=====Excrescence===== (''{{Phonorule|H|Q|V_R}}''): type-2 consonants extend to ''i'', ''u'', ''nd'', ''mb'', ''lb'', and ''rd'' respectively when intervovalic as onset to A-vowels. | |||
=====Decrescence===== (''{{Phonorule|Z|∅|[#]_[#]/[G]_[G]}}''): type-3 consonants disappear when marginal, except when in contact with their respective dominant vowel. | |||
====Elision==== | =====Elision===== | ||
Apocape | =====Apocape===== | ||
In a word with three syllables or more, the initial unstressed syllable is lost if it lacks an onset or a long vowel. [...] unstressed short high vowels are erased next to sonorants and sibilants (suphí > sphí), (bilí > blí) | |||
=====Syncope===== | |||
In a word with three syllables or more, the middle unstressed syllable is lost if it is not closed by a coda or possesses a long vowel. | |||
=====Aphaeresis===== | |||
In a word with three syllables or more, the last unstressed syllable is lost if it lacks a coda or a long vowel. | |||
=====Dissimilation===== *swébʰ(i)ey > *sébʰey (bilabial sound expels bilabial sound) | |||
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====Epenthesis==== | ====Epenthesis==== | ||
Prothesis | =====Prothesis===== | ||
In a word with two or just one syllable, if there is an initial consonant cluster, a vowel (depending on the nature of the consonant) is added. | |||
EX: ... | EX: ... | ||
Anaptyxis | =====Anaptyxis===== | ||
In a word with two or just one syllable, if there is a middle consonant cluster, the vowel /a/ is added. | |||
EX: 'atlya > adalyal | EX: 'atlya > adalyal | ||
Paragoge | =====Paragoge===== | ||
In a word with two or just one syllable, if there is a final consonant cluster, a vowel (depending on the nature of the consonant). | |||
EX: palk > palsil | EX: palk > palsil | ||
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(used in special cases of other laws) | (used in special cases of other laws) | ||
Haplology | =====Haplology===== | ||
dadasa > dasa | dadasa > dasa | ||
Compensatory lengthening | =====Compensatory lengthening===== | ||
bûl (*bbûl) > *uvvūl > ūvūl | bûl (*bbûl) > *uvvūl > ūvūl | ||
gal (*gall) > *galla > gāla | gal (*gall) > *galla > gāla | ||
Metathesis | =====Metathesis===== | ||
glides only where the stress is | |||
garda, gráda, gadrá | garda, gráda, gadrá | ||
adtís > addís | adtís > addís | ||
Final | =====Initial/Final/Intervocalic (de)voicing===== | ||
(''{{Phonorule|-sonorant|-voice|_#}}'') | |||
{{Phonorule|a|y|_{iu}}} | {{Phonorule|a|y|_{iu}}} | ||
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dad > dat | dad > dat | ||
ata > ada | ata > ada | ||
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