Logun

Logun
ijànja logun
Apisnja Logun; the Logun flag
Pronunciation	[iʑa.nʑa ˈlo.kʊ̃]
Created by	Jukethatbox
Date	2025
Setting	Radael
Native to	Njalogun
Ethnicity	Logun people
Native speakers	14,145,670 (400 BH)
Language family	Upé-Ontic(?) Upé Logun
Early forms	Old Logun Bhladh
Standard form	Bhogàn Logun
Official status
Official language in	Minūrun, Tibirotak
Recognised minority language in	Teš

Logun(Logun: ijànja logun [iʑa.nʑa ˈlo.kʊ̃]) is an Upé language and the native language of the Logun people(obela logun) of Minūrun and Tibirotak. It is one of the official languages of and the most spoken language of Minūrun with 12.3 million speakers, making up around 33.5% of the 36,718,418 strong Minurese population, most of them situated in the north-east of the country. It is also a prominent language of the Minurese vassal of Tibirotak, where it is spoken by around 12.3% of the population primarily in the south-east.

Together, these traditionally Logun lands are called the Njalogun; it is estimated that there are around 14,145,670 Logun people with around 78.1% who are monolingual Logun speakers; the highest rate of native monolingualism among all Minurese ethnic groups. Additionally, most bilingual Logun people are Teški, and thus only speak Teš, also an Upé language, in addition to Logun.

Classification & usage

Logun is part of the Upé language family, one of few remaining truly indigenous language families of Radael. Logun is the most spoken Upé language and the second most spoken language that is indigenous to Radael, after Ingdikh, an Ontic language.

It is an official language of Minūrun(Logun: Minùnru) and Tibirotak(Idhibla).

Usage in Teš

Logun is the only recognised minority language of the State of Teš; Logun monks make up around 12% of all Teški monks and make up around 60% of new Teški monks due to the high number of Teški Loguns.

Within Teš, Logun-language masses are held yearly by Logun monks for newer Logun monks who don't speak Teš well enough to understand ordinary Teš masses; however, the liturgical use of Logun is generally discouraged otherwise.

Phonology

Orthography

Logun uses an etymological orthography, based primarily on the phonology of Bhladh Logun. Therefore, Logun orthography does not entirely match up to modern Logun phonology; however, this is by grapheme-per-grapheme basis, and the differences are largely consistent.

The following table shows these discrepancies and how they are pronounced in modern Logun.

Graphemes	IPA	Examples
k, g, q	/k/	logun, ka, qumoq
p, b	/p/	pulùn, enkabo
sh, ch, c	/ɕ/	ashish, chlàn, cen
j, zh	/ʑ/	ija, mizhman
bh, ph	/pˠ/	bhenunn, ophann
an, en	/ẽ/	ennu, kanno

Consonants

		Bilabial	Alveolar		Alveolo-palatal		Palatal	Velar
Stop	pulmonic	p	t	d				k
	velarised	pˠ	tˠ	dˠ
Nasal		m	n				(ɲ)	ŋ
Fricative			s	z	ɕ	ʑ		x
Semivowels/Liquids			l				j	(ɫ)

It has also been proposed that /ⁿʑ/ and /ⁿɕ/ are separate phonemes, such as in -nja "genitive case marker" and ja "what", though generally in these cases they are simply analysed as nasal-obstruent clusters.

/ɫ/ is an allophone of /l/ after velarised plosives(excluding /k/), as in bhladh [pˠɫadˠ] "ancient".

Vowels

		Front		Back
		oral	nasal	oral	nasal
Close		i	ĩ	u	ʊ̃
Mid		ɛ	ẽ	o	õ
Open		a

Logun vowels contrast on nasality with oral and nasal vowels. These nasal vowels are generally orthographically represented by a proceeding ⟨n⟩; in the case of an oral vowel-nasal consonant cluster, the vowel is accented with a grave accent, for example den [ˈdẽ] "to move" vs dèn [ˈdɛn] "very". In the case of a nasal vowel-nasal consonant, the ⟨n⟩ is doubled, as in benun [pɛˈnʊ̃] "nut" vs bhenunn [ˈpˠɛnʊ̃n] "plateau".

Grammar

Pronouns

Demonstrative

Inflectable demonstrative determiners are placed prepositionally.

	Singular		Plural
	det.	pro.	det.	pro.
Proximal	li	lin	elik	elìn
Medial	yali	yalin	abadh	yalìn
Distal	oli	olin	onla	olbìn

Personal

		Singular	Plural
First person	Inclusive	be	kan
	Exclusive		katan
Second person	neutral	on	ngòn
	formal	onlak
Third person	masc.	am
	fem.	mon, mun	sèna
	neut.	yoth	ayoth
	formal	yo ngàn	ayo ngàn

The use of the formal third-person pronoun yo ngàn and ayo ngàn are borrowed from Teš. This also lead to the modern use of the word ngàn to mean "holy".

Articles

	Nominative	Accusative	Dative	Ablative	Locative
Indefinite	ka	kanno	kabi	kabo	kadu
Definite	enka	onka	enkabi	enkabo	enkadu

Articles are postpositional and agree with all cases apart from genitive; in the case of a genitive phrase, the article will take the case from its position in the sentence, e.g.:

Manya'nja bhenlok enka o ladib.

"The people's revolution was inevitable."

In this case, the definite article is in the nominative. However, in this context:

Am pilankan manya'nja bhenloki onka.

"He hated the people's revolution."

The article instead takes its accusative form to show its position in the sentence.

Noun case

Bhladh Logun retained six of the seven Proto-Upé cases, and by the development of modern Logun, the seventh, the so-called attributive case, was reborrowed from Teš.

Case markers also vary based on the sound at the end; either a consonant, oral, or nasal vowel.

	Ending	Examples			Meaning
		bojuk "sister"	ennu "tree"	leden "afternoon"
Nominative	∅	bojuk	ennu	leden	sister/tree/afternoon
Accusative	-i, -bi, -ni	bojuki	ennubi	ledenni	sister/tree/afternoon
Genitive	-nja, -'nja, -ja	bojuknja	ennùnja	ledenja	sister's/tree's/afternoon's
Dative	-yo	bojukyo	ennuyo	ledenyo	to sister/to tree/to afternoon
Ablative	-la, -bha	bojukla	ennubha	ledenbha	away from sister/away from tree/away from afternoon
Locative	-a, -da, -dan	bojuka	ennuda	ledendan	at sister/at tree/at afternoon

Word order

Logun's word order changes based on the object of the sentence. For example, in nominative-accusative phrases, the word order is SVO:

Mannik unkeke yoti kanno.

Mannik pick.PRES apple-ACC INDEF.ACC

"Mannik picks an apple."

However, any "directional" phrases(to him, towards him, away from him, etc.) are always first in order:

Ennubha enkabo Mannik ukeke yoti kanno.

tree-ABL DEF.ABL Mannik pick apple-ACC INDEF.ACC

"Mannik picks an apple from the tree."

This still applies even when there is no direct object:

Ennubha enkabo tebònon enka lon.

tree-ABL DEF.ABL pixie DEF be.PAST

"The pixies appeared from the tree."