Verse:Mwail/Irenesian languages: Difference between revisions

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In [[Verse:Angai]], '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (''ry lleqâs Dylethyzz'') is an extremely conservative Trans-Sarnathian language (branch of the Akya-Woms family including [[Zzean]]) with a Welsh-like grammar and aesthetic. Dylathian is spoken in the Sarnathian mountain range in the borderlands of Aem-Zmaə, which contains Mt. ___, the highest mountain in Angai. Like its neighboring relatives, Dylathian is considered vital for reconstructing the early history of the Trans-Sarnathian branch.
{{List subpages}}
The '''Irenesian languages''' are a large language family mainly spoken in Mwail Asia. It includes some of the largest languages,such as [[Verse:Mwail/Ernish|Ernish]].


Standard Dylathian is the liturgical language of ___ (Tibetan Buddhism clone).
The Irenesian urheimat is thought to have been Taiwan. The family is inspired by Austronesian and Semitic.
 
== Todo ==
== Family tree ==
* Irenesian
** [[Verse:Mwail/Erno-Kawenic languages|Erno-Kawenic]]
** Dhasrawitic
*** Lhabhdweni
*** [[Verse:Mwail/Dhasrawita|Dhasrawita]]
** Hirbic
*** Len!ir
** Irenic
*** Dosubian
** West Sadhcevan
** East Sadhcevan
** Antipodean


== Phonology ==
== Phonology ==
Generally Welshy phonology but with ejectives and affricates; penultimate stress with vowel alternations attesting to earlier ultimate stress
=== Consonants ===
=== Consonants ===
* '''m n l r ll rh''' /m n l r (Welsh ll) (Welsh rh)/
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
* '''b d dz g gw''' /p t ts k kw/
|-
* '''p t tz c cw''' /ph th tsh kh kwh/
! colspan="2" |
* '''pq tq tzq cq cwq ''' /p' t' ts' k' kw'/
! | Labial
* '''ff th z s ch chw h q''' /f θ s s{{ret}} x xw h ʔ/
! | Coronal
* '''f dd zz w''' /v ð z w/
! | Palatal
! | Velar
|-
! colspan="2" | Nasal
| '''m''' /m/
| '''n''' /n/
|
| '''ŋ''' /ŋ/
|-
! rowspan="3" | Stop
! | plain
| '''p''' /p/
| '''t''' /t/
|
| '''k''' /k/
|-
! | voiced
| '''b''' /b/
| '''d''' /d/
|
| '''g''' /g/
|-
! | ejective
| '''pʼ''' /pʼ/
| '''tʼ''' /tʼ/
|
| '''kʼ''' /kʼ/
|-
! colspan="2" | Fricative
|
| '''s''' /s{{ret}}/
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | Resonant
|
| '''r''' /r/, '''l''' /l/
| '''y''' /j/
| '''w''' /w/
|}


* ff th ch chw ll rh are weakly glottalized
=== Vowels ===
ă a e i o u


=== Vowels ===
No diphthongs; hiatus is permitted
'''i e u y a w o''' /i e ɨ ə a u o/; long '''î ê û ŷ â ŵ ô'''
 
Aim for Semito-Tagalog aesthetic words


== Grammar ==
== Grammar ==
"Colloquial Welsh with classifiers"
=== Typological overview ===
=== Nouns ===
Syntactically "Arabic but Austronesian"
Most nouns have an unmarked form and a marked form that is only used for indefinite singular nouns. For the definite article, the appropriate classifier is used; the number is marked on the classifier.


=== Numerals ===
Proto-Irenesian had a system of symmetrical voice ("Austronesian alignment") with three cases:
There is no isolated word for "one". When counting you use a word that was formerly "once/an occurrence" (cf. Slavic '''raz''' dva tri...). Otherwise, the singular indefinite form of the noun in question is used, when necessary emphasized with __ 'only'.
# direct case: the syntactic subject. The verb's voice may promote the direct object to the syntactic subject, or it may promote the indirect object.
# indirect case: the most significant argument that is not the subject (the non-subject agent or the non-subject patient).
# genitive case: possessors and prepositional complements.
 
Proto-Irenesian syntax is VSO and head-initial, but with some tendency to be topic-prominent (unlike Goidelic). Here S is the syntactic subject marked with the direct case.
 
(Many daughter languages are SVO and head-initial-ish. Kawenic which has a Finnic-like grammar is an exception.)
=== Nouns and adjectives ===
Nouns inflect for case and number, and adjectives agree with nouns in case and number.
==== Declension ====
* direct: -0
* indirect: -ăl
* genitive: -ăm
 
==== Possessive suffixes ====


=== TAM auxiliaries ===
Inflected for person and number (inherited from Proto-Trans-Sarnathian)
=== Verbs ===
=== Verbs ===
The word order is "T1 S T2 V O".
==== Triggers ====
=== Classifiers ===
Classifiers are morphologically nouns, but a few have suppletive plural forms.
 
There could be some dialectal variation in classifiers
* nawil, pl. ike: generic things
* soŋi, pl. oru: people
* p'asur: big animals
* wipi: small animals
* mosat: flat sheets
* keron: trees and bushes
* yuŋos: herbaceous plants
* bawăd: flowers, bunches of fruit
* tiŋa: long thin rigid objects, paths, ways things are done (e.g. languages)
* wasik: long thin flexible objects
* ut’uop: fruits, roughly spherical things
* tul: circles, rings
* ŋes: buildings
* p'odal: vehicles
* lăep: marks, like written characters, wounds, …
* rukir: places
* uta: events; verbal nouns tend to take this classifier
 
=== Ideophones ===
* ŋubeŋube ‘sluggish’
=== Derivation ===

Latest revision as of 10:09, 29 June 2025

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Verse talk:

The Irenesian languages are a large language family mainly spoken in Mwail Asia. It includes some of the largest languages,such as Ernish.

The Irenesian urheimat is thought to have been Taiwan. The family is inspired by Austronesian and Semitic.

Todo

Family tree

  • Irenesian
    • Erno-Kawenic
    • Dhasrawitic
    • Hirbic
      • Len!ir
    • Irenic
      • Dosubian
    • West Sadhcevan
    • East Sadhcevan
    • Antipodean

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Coronal Palatal Velar
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ ŋ /ŋ/
Stop plain p /p/ t /t/ k /k/
voiced b /b/ d /d/ g /g/
ejective pʼ /pʼ/ tʼ /tʼ/ kʼ /kʼ/
Fricative s /s̠/
Resonant r /r/, l /l/ y /j/ w /w/

Vowels

ă a e i o u

No diphthongs; hiatus is permitted

Aim for Semito-Tagalog aesthetic words

Grammar

Typological overview

Syntactically "Arabic but Austronesian"

Proto-Irenesian had a system of symmetrical voice ("Austronesian alignment") with three cases:

  1. direct case: the syntactic subject. The verb's voice may promote the direct object to the syntactic subject, or it may promote the indirect object.
  2. indirect case: the most significant argument that is not the subject (the non-subject agent or the non-subject patient).
  3. genitive case: possessors and prepositional complements.

Proto-Irenesian syntax is VSO and head-initial, but with some tendency to be topic-prominent (unlike Goidelic). Here S is the syntactic subject marked with the direct case.

(Many daughter languages are SVO and head-initial-ish. Kawenic which has a Finnic-like grammar is an exception.)

Nouns and adjectives

Nouns inflect for case and number, and adjectives agree with nouns in case and number.

Declension

  • direct: -0
  • indirect: -ăl
  • genitive: -ăm

Possessive suffixes

Verbs

Triggers

Classifiers

Classifiers are morphologically nouns, but a few have suppletive plural forms.

There could be some dialectal variation in classifiers

  • nawil, pl. ike: generic things
  • soŋi, pl. oru: people
  • p'asur: big animals
  • wipi: small animals
  • mosat: flat sheets
  • keron: trees and bushes
  • yuŋos: herbaceous plants
  • bawăd: flowers, bunches of fruit
  • tiŋa: long thin rigid objects, paths, ways things are done (e.g. languages)
  • wasik: long thin flexible objects
  • ut’uop: fruits, roughly spherical things
  • tul: circles, rings
  • ŋes: buildings
  • p'odal: vehicles
  • lăep: marks, like written characters, wounds, …
  • rukir: places
  • uta: events; verbal nouns tend to take this classifier

Ideophones

  • ŋubeŋube ‘sluggish’

Derivation

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