Netagin/Gzarot/Lexicon: Difference between revisions

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The overall syntax of Tíogall resembles that of Irish.
==Constituent order==
Tíogall is almost completely head-initial, except for compound words which are head-final. The constituent order is VSO. Background information (usually in the order {{sc|time-manner-place}}) and question words may be placed before the verb (unlike in Irish), after the subject, or after the direct object. However, no constituent may come between the verb and the subject.


{{gloss
|phrase=Tiann b'aeillirne múnna?
|gloss=why COMP love-PRES.2SG-EMPH ACC-1SG
|IPA=/ˈtiən ˈb‿eːʀəlnə mʉːnə/
|translation=Why do *you* love *me*?
}}
==Noun phrase==
===Adjectives===
Adjectives always follow their head nouns.
===Possessive noun phrases===
In possessive noun phrases the possessed noun uses the construct form, and the possessor (indefinite or definite) is placed after it. For pronominal possessors, the disjunctive pronoun is used.
==Verb phrase==
===Negation===
*interrogative: {{abbtip|[ɪs]|''is-L''}}
*negative: {{abbtip|[niː]|''ní''}}
==Sentence phrase==
===Predicate nouns and adjectives===
Tíogall is zero-copula, like Hebrew. A predicate adjective is placed before the subject, and the copula pronoun is used. On the other hand, a predicate noun has the "logical subject" placed after the preposition ''de, d'-''.
:'''''De chathar zodhma.'''''
:''A flower is a plant.'' (lit. ''A plant is in a flower.'')
:'''''Zodhma diú.'''''
:''It's a plant.'' (lit. ''A plant is in it.'')
When the subject is a definite noun, the pronoun is not mandatory with predicative adjectives:
:'''''Árd (hí) an gcamhna.'''''
:''The woman is tall.''
:'''''Árd hí.'''''
:''She is tall.''
===Existential sentences===
"X has" uses a similar construction to existentials:
:'''''Lion rúbh.'''''
:''I have a dog.'' (lit. To me is a dog.)
===Conjunctions===
*{{abbtip|[ʔal]|''ar''}}: 'and'
*{{abbtip|[ʁʷˁʉː]|''lú''}}: 'or'
*{{abbtip|[ʔax]|''ach''}}: 'but'
*{{abbtip|[liː]|''ri-N''}}: 'that (relative clause)'
*{{abbtip|[nə]|''nach''}}: 'that (complement clause)'
*{{abbtip|[fɵːɬ]|''fódh-N''}}: 'because'
*{{abbtip|[dɾɪ]|''dli-L''}}: 'when, if'
==Dependent clauses==
===Relative clauses===
Tíogall makes a distinction between restrictive and non-restrictive relative clauses.
The relativizer ''ri<sup>N</sup>'' (negative ''rint'') is used for restrictive relative clauses. A resumptive pronoun may be used when the head is not the subject of the relative clause, and is mandatory when the head is a prepositional object or a possessor.
Verbs in relative clauses may be placed anywhere within the relative clause, subject to the constraint that the verb and (syntactic) subject may not be separated unless the head of the relative clause is the subject. If the head of the relative clause is its subject, then the verb is mutated or inflected like an adjective. Otherwise, the relativizer ''ri-N'' is used.
A non-restrictive relative clause is marked with a pause (rendered as a dash "–") before the relative clause.
Nominalized relative clauses use ''cuar'' 'those'
:'''''cuar mímhaoghadh ú'''''
:'those who misuse it'
===Time clauses===
There are two ways of forming time clauses.
The first construction is a clause introduced with a time conjunction such as (''d'air'' = 'when') and using a finite verb form (i.e. the verb form is used with a subject).
The second construction is a clause introduced with a preposition (such as ''de, d' '' = 'at, in') followed by the verbal noun which may take a possessive prefix for the subject. Thus the non-finite time clause marks aspect or tense relative to the tense of the main clause rather than absolute tense. Non-finite time clauses are considered a little more literary than finite time clauses.
===Infinitive clauses===
Infinitive clauses work like German ''zu''-infinitive clauses in that they are verb-final: the infinitive is used at the end, and the particle ''le-h'' /ʟə/ ('to') is used before the infinitive.
:'''''Ní róscall fách ná, lean shuar ríosan le fhlunnach.'''''
:''I was unable to return to my house.''
===Ergative clauses===
Embedded past tense clauses, pivoting etc. can have really weird syntax because ergativity
[[Category:Tíogall]]

Latest revision as of 13:45, 3 July 2025

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