Nurian: Difference between revisions

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==Phonology==
==Phonology==
The Standard Dagȳne Nurian consonant inventory contains around 42 consonants and 12 vowels. A notable feature of the phonology of most Nurian accents is phonemic palatalization in hard-soft pairs, similar to Lithuanian; however, the Fiuschērian dialect or accent is an exception in that the hard-soft distinction is realized as pharyngealization versus lack of pharygealization. All consonants except /ħ ʕ h j/ are members of a hard-soft-pair. /ħ ʕ h j/ color the /a/ vowel as if they were soft, and /ħ ʕ/ tend to lower adjacent vowels.
The Nurian consonant inventory contains around 42 consonants and 12 vowels. A notable feature of the phonology of most Nurian accents is phonemic palatalization in hard-soft pairs, similar to Lithuanian; however, the Fiuschēra dialect or accent is an exception in that the hard-soft distinction is realized as pharyngealization versus lack of pharygealization. All consonants except /ħ ʕ h j/ are members of a hard-soft-pair. /ħ ʕ h j/ color the /a/ vowel as if they were soft, and /ħ ʕ/ tend to lower adjacent vowels.
===Standard Dagȳne accent===
===Standard Dagȳne accent===


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{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center"
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center"
|-
|-
|+'''Consonant phonemes in Fiuschēra Nurian'''
|+'''Consonant phonemes in Nurian (Fiuschēra)'''
!rowspan="2" colspan="2"|  
!rowspan="2" colspan="2"|  
!colspan="2" | Labial
!colspan="2" | Labial
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{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align:center;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align:center;"
|+ '''Vowel phonemes in Fiuschēra Nurian'''
|+ '''Vowel phonemes in Nurian (Fiuschēra)'''
! rowspan="2" style=""|
! rowspan="2" style=""|
! colspan="2" style="" |Front
! colspan="2" style="" |Front
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|}
|}


/ɐɪ ɐʊ iə~iɛ iɚ uɚ ɛɚ ɔɚ ɑɚ/ = /ɐj ɐw iə iə uə ɛə~æə əː ɑə/
/ɐɪ ɐʊ iə~iɛ iɚ uɚ ɛɚ ɔɚ ɑɚ/ = /ɐj ɐw iə iɚ uɚ ɛɚ~æɚ ɚː ɑɚ/


<!--
===Garubbia===
===Accent 2===
Non-rhotic Mandarin
Mandarin pseudo-gib
*ci gi chi ghi = [tʂ dʐ ʂ ʐ]
*sci = [ʂtʂ]
*ti di si zi = [tɕ dʑ ɕ ʑ]
*thi dhi = [ts dz]
*ni ngi > [ɲ]
*li > [ʎ]
*ri > [ʐ]
 
====Consonants====
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center"
|-
|+'''Consonant phonemes in Standard Nurian [Accent 2]'''
!rowspan="2" colspan="2"|
!colspan="2" | Labial
!rowspan="2" | Dental
!rowspan="2" | Alveolar
!rowspan="2" | Retroflex
!rowspan="2" | Palatal
!rowspan="2" | Velar
!rowspan="2" | Radical
!rowspan="2" | Glottal
|-
! <small>hard</small>
! <small>soft</small>
|-
!colspan="2"| Nasal
| /m/ || /mʲ/
|colspan="2"|/n/
|
| /ɲ/
| /ŋ/
|
|
|-
!rowspan="2" | Stop
!<small>tenuis</small>
| /p/ || /pʲ/
| /t/
| /ts/
| /tʂ/
| /tɕ/
| /k/
|
|
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
| /b/ || /bʲ/
| /d/
| /dz/
| /dʐ/
| /dʑ/
| /ɡ/
|
|
|-
!rowspan="2"|Fricative
!<small>voiceless</small>
| /f/ || /fʲ/
| /θ/
| /s/
| /ʂ/
| /ɕ/
| /x/
| /ħ/
| /h/
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
| /v/ || /vʲ/
| /ð/
| /z/
| /ʐ/
| /ʑ/
| /ɣ/
| /ʕ/
|
|-
!colspan=2| Trill
| ||
|
| /r/
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!rowspan=2| Approximant
!<small>central</small>
| ||
| ||
|
| /j/
|
|
|
|-
!<small>lateral</small>
| ||
| /l/ ||
|
| /ʎ/
|
|
|
|}


====Vowels====
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align:center;"
|+ '''Vowel phonemes in Nurian [Accent 2]'''
! rowspan="2" style=""|
! colspan="3" style="" |Front
! colspan="2" style="" |Central
! colspan="3" style="" |Back
|-
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>rhotic</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>rhotic</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>rhotic</small>
|-
! style="" |Close
| /ɪ~ɪ̞/
| /iː/
| /i˞ː/
|
|
| /ʊ/
| /uː/
|rowspan="2"| /oː˞/
|-
! style="" |Mid
|rowspan="2"|[ɛ~æ]
|
| [eː˞]
| [ə]
| /ɚː/
| /ɔ/
| /oː/
|-
! style="" |Open
| [æː]
|
| /ɐ/
| /aː/
|
| [ɑː]
| [ɒː˞]
|}
Many vowels are centralized after retroflexes: /a aː ɝ i iː ɪɚ/ become [ä äː ɐɚ ɨ ɨː ɘɚ]
-->
===Garubbia===
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center"
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center"
|-
|-
|+'''Consonant phonemes in Nurian (Garubbia)'''
|+'''Consonant phonemes (Garubbia)'''
!rowspan="2" colspan="2"|  
!rowspan="2" colspan="2"|  
!colspan="2" | Labial
!colspan="2" | Labial
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====Vowels====
====Vowels====
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align:center;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align:center;"
|+ '''Vowel phonemes in Nurian [Accent 2]'''
|+ '''Vowel phonemes [Accent 2]'''
! rowspan="2" style=""|
! rowspan="2" style=""|
! colspan="3" style="" |Front
! colspan="3" style="" |Front
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|}
|}


Many vowels are centralized after retroflexes: /a aː ɝ i iː ɪɚ/ become [ä äː ɐɚ ɨ ɨː ɘɚ]
Many vowels are centralized after retroflexes: /a aː ɝ i iː ɪɚ/ become [ä äː ɐə ɨ ɨː ɘə]




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