|
|
Line 491: |
Line 491: |
| | | | | |
| |} | | |} |
|
| |
| ==Proto-Pulchric phonology==
| |
| ===Consonants===
| |
| {|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center"
| |
| |-
| |
| |+
| |
| !rowspan="2" colspan="2"|
| |
| !colspan="2" | Labial
| |
| !colspan="2" | Coronal
| |
| !rowspan="2" style="width: 45px; "| Palatal
| |
| !colspan="2" | Dorsal
| |
| !rowspan="2" style="width: 45px; "| Laryngeal
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="width: 45px; "|<small>plain</small>
| |
| ! style="width: 45px; "|<small>emph.</small>
| |
| ! style="width: 45px; "|<small>plain</small>
| |
| ! style="width: 45px; "|<small>emph.</small>
| |
| ! style="width: 45px; "|<small>plain</small>
| |
| ! style="width: 45px; "|<small>emph.</small>
| |
| |-
| |
| !colspan="2"| Nasal
| |
| | '''m''' /m/ || '''M''' /mʶ/
| |
| | '''n''' /n/ || '''N''' /nʶ/
| |
| |
| |
| | '''ng''' /ŋ/ || '''NG''' /ɴ/
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !rowspan="2" style="width: 45px; "| Stop
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>tenuis</small>
| |
| | '''p''' /p/ || '''P''' /pʶ/
| |
| | '''t''' /t/ || '''T''' /tʶ/
| |
| |
| |
| | '''k''' /k/ || '''q''' /q/
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !<small>voiced</small>
| |
| | '''b''' /b/ || '''B''' /bʶ/
| |
| | '''d''' /d/ || '''D''' /dʶ/
| |
| |
| |
| | '''g''' /ɡ/ || '''G''' /ɢ/
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !colspan=2| Fricative
| |
| | ||
| |
| | ||
| |
| |
| |
| | ||
| |
| | '''h''' /h/
| |
| |-
| |
| !colspan=2| Trill/Tap
| |
| | ||
| |
| | '''r''' /ɾ/ || '''R''' /ɾʶ/
| |
| |
| |
| | ||
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !colspan=2| Approximant
| |
| |colspan="2"| '''w''' /w/
| |
| | '''l''' /l/ || '''L''' /lʶ/
| |
| | '''y''' /j/
| |
| | ||
| |
| |
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
| Emphatic consonants are uvularized, as in Arabic.
| |
|
| |
| Aspiration is allophonic in voiceless stops. The Luminese dialect aspirates stops more strongly than in the Rencadic dialect.
| |
|
| |
| ====Gemination====
| |
| Every consonant except /w j h/ can occur geminated between vowels. Geminate taps are realized as trills.
| |
|
| |
| Gemination is indicated in the orthography by doubling the consonant letter; geminate ''ng'' and ''NG'' are written ''nng'' and ''NNG'' respectively.
| |
|
| |
| ===Vowels===
| |
| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="width: 90px; "|
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Front
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Central
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Back
| |
| |-
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Close
| |
| | '''i''' /i/
| |
| | '''i:''' /iː/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | '''u''' /u/
| |
| | '''u:''' /uː/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Mid
| |
| | '''e''' /e/
| |
| | '''e:''' /eː/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | '''o''' /o/
| |
| | '''o:''' /oː/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Open
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | '''a''' /a/
| |
| | '''a:''' /aː/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
| Diphthongs: /ai/ /au/ (written ''ai au'' respectively)
| |
|
| |
| ===Phonotactics===
| |
| Only CV syllables are allowed, except:
| |
| *a geminate consonant can begin a non-initial syllable
| |
| *CVC is allowed as the last syllable
| |
|
| |
| ===Stress===
| |
| Stress is almost always on the first long syllable, or if no syllable is long, the last syllable in the Rencadic dialect and the first syllable in the Luminese dialect.
| |
|
| |
| ===Morphophonology===
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Alternate PPfK== | | ==Alternate PPfK== |