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|setting=
|setting=
|stand1=Varhúsnorsk
|stand1=Varhúsnorsk
|dia1=Nygadsnorsk (Western)
|dia1=[[Nygadsnorsk]] (Western)
|dia2=Jugsnorsk (Eastern)
|dia2=[[Jugsnorsk]] (Eastern)
|familycolor=Indo-European
|familycolor=Indo-European
|nation=Húsnorsk republic, Russia
|nation=Húsnorsk republic, Russia
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}}
}}


[[Húsnorsk]] (/husnorsk/; [[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''Húsanorska''; Varhúsnorsk: /xuː.sa.nor.ska/; Nygadsnorsk: /xuː.sa.nor.ska/; Jugsnorsk: [xʊu̯.sɐ.nor.skɐ]) is a distinct Nordic language (or possibly two closely related languages), it is so named "House Norse" for its historical vernacular status. Húsnorsk has long been considered the continuation of the Norse spoken by the Varangians. Húsnorsk is considered decently divergent for a Nordic language, often being unintelligible to the others (Take Varhúsnorsk /au̯dj/ Nygadsnorsk /ɔ:dj/, Jugsnorsk /o̞udʲ/ vs Swedish /al/, Danish /ælˀ/, Icelandic /atlʏr/, and Old West Norse /ɑlːr̩/, Old East Norse /ɑlːʀ/)
[[Húsnorsk]] (/husnorsk/; [[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''Húsanorska''; Varhúsnorsk: /xuː.sa.nor.ska/; Nygadsnorsk: /xuː.sa.nor.ska/; Jugsnorsk: [xʊu̯.sɐ.nor.kʰɐ]) is a distinct Nordic language (or possibly two closely related languages), it is so named "House Norse" for its historical vernacular status. Húsnorsk has long been considered the continuation of the Norse spoken by the Varangians. Húsnorsk is considered decently divergent for a Nordic language, often being unintelligible to the others (Take Varhúsnorsk /au̯dj/ Nygadsnorsk /ɔ:dj/, Jugsnorsk /o̞udʲ/ vs Swedish /al/, Danish /ælˀ/, Icelandic /atlʏr/, and Old West Norse /ɑlːr̩/, Old East Norse /ɑlːʀ/)


While Nygadsnorsk and Jugsnorsk are often considered dialects of Húsnorsk, they are divergent enough to be difficult to communicate between, where Varhúsnorsk (or Standard Húsnorsk; Geneologically ''Common Húsnorsk'') is also distinct enough from both to be unintelligible. This article will present all three in detail side-by-side as if in comparison to each other.
While Nygadsnorsk and Jugsnorsk are often considered dialects of Húsnorsk, they are divergent enough to be difficult to communicate between, where Varhúsnorsk (or Standard Húsnorsk; Geneologically ''Common Húsnorsk'') is also distinct enough from both to be unintelligible. As such, all three will be split into separate articles, this article will focus on Varhúsnorsk, with minimal coverage of the others.
==History==
==History==
===Early Húsnorsk (1100AD~1350AD)===
===Early Húsnorsk (1100AD~1350AD)===
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In the early 1770's, a large exodus of Húsnorsk from Novgorod began, likely spurred on by the [[w:1770-1772 Russian plague|Russian plague]], these fleeing families would move east, into [[w:Siberia|Siberia]] (So-called "Jugą" by the Húsnorsk, from Russian [[w:Yugra|Yugra]]). These Húsnorsk were once called "Plýggnorską" ("Fleeing Norse"), though this is a [[w:pejorative|pejorative]], and they are now called "Jugsnorską" ("Yugra's Norse").
In the early 1770's, a large exodus of Húsnorsk from Novgorod began, likely spurred on by the [[w:1770-1772 Russian plague|Russian plague]], these fleeing families would move east, into [[w:Siberia|Siberia]] (So-called "Jugra" by the Húsnorsk, from Russian [[w:Yugra|Yugra]]). These Húsnorsk were once called "Plýggnorska" ("Fleeing Norse"), though this is a [[w:pejorative|pejorative]], and they are now called "Jugsnorsk" ("Yugra's Norse").


===Modern Húsnorsk (1850AD~Today)===
===Modern Húsnorsk (1850AD~Today)===
Modern Húsnorsk is still spoken around its historic homeland of Novgorod, as of the 1940's the region has been officially organized into the Húsnorsk republic, where Húsnorsk acts as the official language, with both Old Norse and Old Church Slavonic being treated as official liturgical languages.
Modern Húsnorsk is still spoken around its historic homeland of Novgorod, as of the 1940's the region has been officially organized into the Húsnorsk republic, where Húsnorsk acts as the official language, with both Old Norse and Old Church Slavonic being treated as official liturgical languages.


As of 1973, Húsnorsk has been overseen by the largely unrecognized, though respected, Hússnorsksakademin, who are attempting to gain more international recognition so they can work with the UN to offer Húsnorsk translations of many of the documents. They've also worked with both theologists and linguists to created modern translations of ancient Norse religious texts, as many of the Húsnorsk still follow Norse Heathenry, the most major among these is a [[Húsnorsk Eddas|translation of the Eddas]] and a [[Húsnorsk Hávamál|translation of the Hávamál]].
As of 1973, Húsnorsk has been overseen by the largely unrecognized, though respected, Húsanorskakademī, who are attempting to gain more international recognition so they can work with the UN to offer Húsnorsk translations of many of the documents. They've also worked with both theologists and linguists to created modern translations of ancient Norse religious texts, as many of the Húsnorsk still follow Norse Heathenry, the most major among these is a translation of the Eddas and a translation of the Hávamál.


Húsnorsk is currently considered vulnerable by UNESCO, as resources for learning it are lacking at best. As can be gathered from the L2 population, Húsnorsk resources are generally sparse, poor quality, or difficult to parse, and almost all of the easily accessible and high quality resources for it are in Russian. Another issue that motivated this decision is the general lack of recognition Húsnorsk recieves, stating that:
Húsnorsk is currently considered vulnerable by UNESCO, as resources for learning it are lacking at best. As can be gathered from the L2 population, Húsnorsk resources are generally sparse, poor quality, or difficult to parse, and almost all of the easily accessible and high quality resources for it are in Russian. Another issue that motivated this decision is the general lack of recognition Húsnorsk recieves, stating that:
<blockquote>Even ''within'' its homeland, Húsnorsk is rarely acknowledged, this may be influenced by the fact that Húsnorsk has a stable,  but relatively small, native population, meaning both that they don't need to advocate for support nor does it recieve much attention from any circle except the Nordo-sphere. [emphasis added]</blockquote>
<blockquote>Even ''within'' its homeland, Húsnorsk is rarely acknowledged, this may be influenced by the fact that Húsnorsk has a stable but relatively small native population, meaning both that they do not need to advocate for support nor does it recieve much attention from any circle except the Nordo-sphere. [emphasis added]</blockquote>


==Development==
==Development==
Húsnorsk's phonological history is, for the most part, deeply understood. The development of certain consonants and vowels isn't fully understood, such as the mechanism behind Old Norse initial /x/ to Nygadsnorsk /k/, which is extremely poorly understood as it's not known what caused it nor where it happens.
Húsnorsk's phonological history after Pre-Húsnorsk is deeply understood, though the development of certain consonants and vowels isn't fully understood, such as the mechanism behind Old Norse initial /x/ to Nygadsnorsk /k/, which is extremely poorly understood as it's not known what caused it nor where it happens.


The following are the reconstructed phonological and grammatical changes between Old West Norse and Húsnorsk. Grammatical changes will be italicized..
The following are the reconstructed phonological and grammatical changes between Old West Norse and Húsnorsk. Grammatical changes will be italicized..


===Varhúsnorsk===
===Varhúsnorsk===
*/ar/ to /ɐ/.
*/xʷ/ to /x/, the lost labialization affects the vowel, rounding or raising vowels.
*/xʷ/ to /x/, the lost labialization affects the vowel, rounding or raising vowels.
*/ʀ/ to /j/
*/ʀ/ to /j/
*/Vl/ to /Vu̯/, but /Vl:/ to /Vu̯d/ (where /V/ is any vowel, /ul/ to /uː/)
*/Vl/ to /Vu̯/, but /Vl:/ to /Vu̯d/ (where /V/ is any vowel, /ul/ to /uː/), syllabic /l/ seemingly remains.
*/mb, nd, ŋg/ to /bː, dː, gː/
*''Dual pronouns lost? (The timing is uncertain, but it happened relatively early on)''
*/rn, rm/ to /tn, pm/
*/rn, rm/ to /tn, pm/
*/v/ to /b/ before approximants (/f/ > /p/ only occurs word initially, as it was [v] elsewhere)
*/l̩/ to /ul/, spelling doesn't change though (/gl̩/ seems to instead go to [ɣl])
*/fp, vb/ to /pː, bː/
*''Dative leveled to -i/-inū/-ū/-unū.''
*''Dative leveled to -i/-inū/-ū/-unū.''
*/ð, ɣ/ lost between two sonorants (/r, l, n, m, j, w/, but for some reason not OEN ʀ, which had merged with /j/ at this point)
*/ð, ɣ/ lost between two sonorants (/r, l, n, m, j, w/, but for some reason not OEN ʀ, which had merged with /j/ at this point
*<sup>?</sup> /st/ to /s/ after consonants, especially nasals
*<sup>?</sup> /st/ to /s/ after consonants, especially nasals
*final nasals to nasalization when following a vowel, this always occurs in inflectional endings regardless if it's word final or not (see -anna > -ãna)
*final nasals to nasalization when following a vowel, this always occurs in inflectional endings regardless if it's word final or not (see -anna > -ãna)
*''-ðr-/-nn- paradigm leveled to -ðr- throughout''
**''see Old Norse "annarr" and "mann" (accusative of "maðr") to Nygadsnorsk "adrarą" and "mad" (-nn > -d due to the next change)''
*Devoicing of stops in contact with /s/
*Devoicing of stops in contact with /s/
*/-u̯/ to /-y̯/ after round vowels (so /øu/ > /øy/)
*/-u̯/ to /-y̯/ after round vowels (so /øu/ > /øy/)
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===Nygadsnorsk===
===Nygadsnorsk===
*coda geminates to /ʰC/ when voiceless, to a fricative when voiced, and nasals to /PN/ (eg. /n:/ > /tn/)
*Diphthong flattening: /au, ɛu, eu, iu, øu, yu, ɔu, ou/ /ɔː, øː, øː, yː, yː, yː, oː, uː/
*Diphthong flattening: /au, ɛu, eu, iu, øu, yu, ɔu, ou/ /ɔː, øː, øː, yː, yː, yː, oː, uː/
**Diphthong flattening continues after with /-j/. (thus "alr" becomes "œ" /œː/)
**Diphthong flattening continues after with /-j/. (thus "alr" becomes "œ" /œː/)
*/θ, ð/ to /t, d/
*/θ, ð/ to /t, d/
*''Genitive singular leveled to -s and -sís.''
*''Genitive singular leveled to -s and -sís.''
*syllabic /l/ to /ul/
*/sː/ to /ts/ when occupying coda only
*/sː/ to /ts/ when occupying coda only
*Word initial /x/ to /k/ when not in a cluster (Unknown why this is inconsistent, though it seems to happen more before long vowels)
*Word initial /x/ to /k/ when not in a cluster (Unknown why this is inconsistent, though it seems to happen more before long vowels)
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*/rː/ to /ʒ/
*/rː/ to /ʒ/
*splitting of /eː/ into /je/, this isn't a complete sound change.
*splitting of /eː/ into /je/, this isn't a complete sound change.
===Jugsnorsk===
*/iu, eu/ > /ju/
*coda geminates shorten
*nasals to nasalization before fricatives, seemingly only when place of articulation is the same (/mun.ðʀ/ > /mũðj/, but /bloːm.stʀ/ > /bloːmsj/ )
*Diphthong flattening: /au, ɛu, øy, ɔu, ou/ /ɔː, œː, yː, oː, uː/
**Diphthong flattening continues after with /-j/. (thus "alr" becomes "œ" /œː/)
*/r̥, l̥/ to /r, l/
*''Original genitives are lost, and get reformed as dative + -s''
*/Cj/ > /Cʲ/ (/k, g, x, n, l/ to palatal)
*/ɣ/ to /g/
*/w, v/ merge to /ʋ/ except word initially
*Vowel shifts:
**Overlong to plain long
**Mid-highs and mid-lows merge (affects nasals)
**Unstressed shifts:
***Short: /i, e, y, ø, u, o, a/ > /ɪ, ɛ, ʏ, œ, ʊ, ɔ, ɐ/
***Long: /iː, eː, yː, øː, uː, oː, aː/ > /i, e, y, ø, u, o, a/
**Stressed long splitting: /iː, eː, uː, oː, yː, øː, aː/ > /ɪi, e̞i, ʊu, o̞u, ʏy, ø̞y, ɐu/
**Nasal vowels to long, long nasals to overlong. (nasals unaffected by the other vowel shifts)
*Consonants followed by /f, s/ become aspirated.
*The odd /gl̩/ (still [ɣl]) becomes /i̯l/
*(in progress) initial jV-/wV- assimilation.
**Not all speakers have wV- assimilation, those that don't finish the w/v merger.
*/sC/ to /Cʰ/, likely through intermediate /ʰC/
at some point after -ðr-/-nn- leveling, both turn nasal vowels into long vowels.


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
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! rowspan=2 |  
! rowspan=2 |  
! colspan=2 | Front
! colspan=2 | Front
! rowspan=2 | Central
! rowspan=2 | Back
! rowspan=2 | Back
|-
|-
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| i
| i
| y
| y
|
| u
| u
|-
|-
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| e
| e
| ø
| ø
|
| o
| o
|-
|-
! Mid-Low
! Mid-Low
| ɛ
| ɛ
|
|  
|  
| ɔ
| ɔ
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|  
|  
|  
|  
| ɐ
| ɑ
| ɑ
|-
|-
|}
|}


#All vowels except /ɐ/ can be long, /u, y/ can be overlong (from Old Norse /uːl, yːl/)
#All vowels can be long, /u, y/ can be overlong (from Proto-Norse /uːl, yːl/)


===Nygadsnorsk===
===Nygadsnorsk===
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#/b, d, g/ becomes /p, t, k/ next to voiceless stops and /s/, but not /f/, which becomes /v/ next to these consonants.
#/b, d, g/ becomes /p, t, k/ next to voiceless stops and /s/, but not /f/, which becomes /v/ next to these consonants.
#It is extremely common to turn word initial /x/ into /k/, roughly 65% to 70% of native speakers do so.
#It is extremely common to turn word initial /x/ into /k/, roughly 65% to 70% of native speakers do so.
##Proper names form a major exception to this.
#:Proper names form a major exception to this.
#/v/ is /ʋ/ following a consonant (eg. /Cv/ = /Cʋ/), and for some speakers, word initially.
#/v/ is /ʋ/ following a consonant (eg. /Cv/ = /Cʋ/), and for some speakers, word initially.
#Realized as /t, p/ before /n, m/ (as in "ormj" /opmʲ/). Additionally, /rs/ may be realized as [t͡s].
#Realized as /t, p/ before /n, m/ (as in "ormj" /opmʲ/). Additionally, /rs/ may be realized as [t͡s].
#All stops have different values when geminated in coda position (Meaning when the geminate isn't split across syllables),  they are:
:::Nasals: "mm, nn" /pm, tn/
:::Voiceless: "pp, tt, kk" /ʰp, ʰt, ʰk/
:::Voiced: "bb, dd, gg" /v, z, g/




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! rowspan=2 |  
! rowspan=2 |  
! colspan=2 | Front
! colspan=2 | Front
! rowspan=2 | Central
! rowspan=2 | Back
! rowspan=2 | Back
|-
|-
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| i
| i
| y
| y
|
| u
| u
|-
|-
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| e
| e
| ø
| ø
|
| o
| o
|-
|-
! Mid-Low
! Mid-Low
| ɛ
| ɛ
|
|  
|  
| ɔ
| ɔ
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|  
|  
|  
|  
| ɐ
| ɑ
| ɑ
|-
|-
|}
|}


#All vowels except /ɐ/ can be long, and the round vowels (/u, o, ɔ, y, ø/) can be overlong.
#All vowels can be long and overlong.
 
===Jugsnorsk===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Dental
! Alveolar
! Velar
|-
! colspan=2 | Nasal
| m
|
| n
|
|-
! rowspan=3 | Stop
! Unvoiced
| p
|
| t
| k
|-
! Voiced
| b
|
| d
| g
|-
! Aspirated
| pʰ
|
| tʰ
| kʰ
|-
! rowspan=2 | Fricative
! Unvoiced
| f
| θ
| s
| x
|-
! Voiced
|
| ð
|
|
|-
! colspan=2 | Approximant
| ʋ
|
| r², l
| j
|-
|}
 
#/b, d, g/ become /p, t, k/ next to voiceless stops and /s/, but not /f/, which becomes /ʋ/ next to these consonants.
#Realized as /t, p/ before /n, m/ (as in "ormj" /opmʲ/). Additionally, /rs/ may be realized as [tʰ] (or [r̥]).
#All geminates are realized as short in coda position (Thus "Plýgg" is /ˈplʏy̯ɡ/)
 
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Stressed vowels
|-
! rowspan=3 |
! colspan=6 | Front
! rowspan=2 colspan=3 | Back
|-
! colspan=3 | Unround
! colspan=3 | Round
|-
! Short
! Diph.
! Long
! Short
! Diph.
! Long
! Short
! Diph.
! Long
|-
! High
| i
| ɪi̯
| iː
| y
| ʏy̯
| yː
| u
| ʊu̯
| uː
|-
! Mid
| e
| e̞i̯
| eː
| ø
| ø̞y̯
| øː
| o
| o̞u̯
| oː
|-
! Low
|
|
|
|
|
|
| a
| ɐu̯
| aː
|-
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Unstressed vowels
|-
! rowspan=3 |
! colspan=6 | Front
! rowspan=2 colspan=3 | Back
|-
! colspan=3 | Unround
! colspan=3 | Round
|-
! Short
! Diph.
! Long
! Short
! Diph.
! Long
! Short
! Diph.
! Long
|-
! High
| ɪ
| i
| iː
| ʏ
| y
| yː
| ʊ
| u
| uː
|-
! Mid
| ɛ
| e
| eː
| œ
| ø
| øː
| ɔ
| o
| oː
|-
! Low
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ɐ
| a
| aː
|-
|}
 
Within the "long" class is also overlongs that are exceedingly rare, occurring from Old Norse /VːN/, to Varhúsnorsk /Ṽː/, then modern /Vːː/.
 
There also exists a diphthong /au̯/, written as "au" or "av", this occurs before consonants or word finally, as in "jaun"/"javn" /jau̯n/. this is distinct from "á", which is /ɐu̯/ or /a/, where "au" is ''always'' /au/, regardless stress.


==Orthography==
==Orthography==
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Húsnorsk occasionally extends umlaut across patterns in a form of regularization or analogy, this can lead to irregular evolution but morphology that's easier to remember (note how umlaut was extended to almost all vowels)
Húsnorsk occasionally extends umlaut across patterns in a form of regularization or analogy, this can lead to irregular evolution but morphology that's easier to remember (note how umlaut was extended to almost all vowels)


Húsnorsk has largely leveled both the dative singulars to -i and -inum in both dialects, but the genitive is more complicated.
When looking at the tables below, note that there's multiple as it's giving it in all dialects.
:In Nygadsnorsk, the genitive singular has been leveled ro -s and -sins, and the plural was already leveled to -a and -anna (though sometimes an extra consonant appears before it)
:In Jugsnorsk, the inherited genitive was lost, being replaced with the dative + -s.


When looking at the tables below, note that there's multiple as it's giving both Húmgądsnorsk and Jugsnorsk. (Latin Jugsnorsk will be used)
Like many Nordic languages, Húsnorsk underwent the masculine/feminine merger that creates the modern common/neuter systems in the continental Nordic languages.
====Strong nouns====
Húsnorsk closely follows Old Norse with its strong nouns, have two neuter, and three masculine and feminine strong declensions.


The tables below will have a hyphen between the root and the suffix in order to show it better.
The tables below will have a hyphen between the root and the suffix in order to show it better. The tables shall be listed in order as:
:Varhúsnorsk
:Nygadsnorsk
:Jugsnorsk


=====Masculine patterns=====
====Strong nouns====
=====Common patterns=====
(Varhúsnorsk tables not yet updated)
{{Varhúsnorsk nouns m-a|abl-|ǫbl-|m= - "hearth"}}
{{Varhúsnorsk nouns m-a|abl-|ǫbl-|m= - "hearth"}}
{{Húsnorsk nouns m-a|abl-|ǫbl-|m= - "hearth"}}
{{Húsnorsk nouns c-a|abl-|ǫbl-|m= - "hearth"}}
{{Jugsnorsk nouns m-a|abl-|obl-|m= - "hearth"}}




{{Varhúsnorsk nouns m-i|al-|ǫl-|au-|m= - "awl"}}
{{Varhúsnorsk nouns m-i|al-|ǫl-|au-|m= - "awl"}}
{{Húsnorsk nouns m-i|al-|ǫl-|ǫ́-|œ-|v=y|m= - "awl"}}
{{Húsnorsk nouns c-i|al-|ǫl-|ǫ́-|œ-|v=y|m= - "awl"}}
{{Jugsnorsk nouns m-i|al-|ol-|ó-|ǿ-|m= - "awl"}}


As can be seen with this table, nouns can be irregular, especially when it consists of a vowel followed by l, as historic l-vocalization caused additional vowel alternations on top of umlaut.
As can be seen with this table, nouns can be irregular, especially when it consists of a vowel followed by l, as historic l-vocalization caused additional vowel alternations on top of umlaut.


{{Varhúsnorsk nouns m-u|ǫ́s-|ę́s-|ás-|m= - "god"}}
{{Varhúsnorsk nouns m-u|ǫ́s-|ę́s-|ás-|m= - "god"}}
{{Húsnorsk nouns m-u|ǫ́s-|ę́s-|ás-|m= - "god"}}
{{Húsnorsk nouns c-u|ǫ́s-|ę́s-|ás-|m= - "god"}}
{{Jugsnorsk nouns m-u|ós-|és-|m= - "god"}}




{{Varhúsnorsk nouns m-c|nagl-|nęgl-|nǫgl-|m= - "nail"}}
{{Varhúsnorsk nouns m-c|nagl-|nęgl-|nǫgl-|m= - "nail"}}
{{Húsnorsk nouns m-c|nagl-|nęgl-|nǫgl-|m= - "nail"}}
{{Húsnorsk nouns c-c|nagl-|nęgl-|nǫgl-|m= - "nail"}}
{{Jugsnorsk nouns m-c|najl-|nejl-|nojl-|m= - "nail"}}
 
=====Feminine patterns=====
{{Varhúsnorsk nouns s-ō|nǫs-|nas-|m= - "nose"}}
{{Húsnorsk nouns s-ō|nǫs-|nas-|m= - "nose"}}
{{Jugsnorsk nouns s-ō|nos-|nas-|m= - "nose"}}


=====Neuter patterns=====
=====Neuter patterns=====
(all outdated)
{{Varhúsnorsk nouns n-a|mál-|mǫ́l-|mǫ́u-|máu-|m= - "Language"}}
{{Varhúsnorsk nouns n-a|mál-|mǫ́l-|mǫ́u-|máu-|m= - "Language"}}
{{Húsnorsk nouns n-a|mál-|mǫ́l-|mō-|mǭ-|m= - "Language"}}
{{Húsnorsk nouns n-a|mál-|mǫ́l-|mō-|mǭ-|m= - "Language"}}
{{Jugsnorsk nouns n-a|mál-|mó-|mól-||m= - "Language"}}


===Verbs===
===Verbs===
====Strong verbs====
====Strong verbs====
(everything except Jugsnorsk is outdated here)
Strong verbs have been falling out of use since the 17th century, and most verbs that once were strong are now weak, especially in Jugsnorsk, which is far more inclined to grammatical change than Nygadsnorsk.
Strong verbs have been falling out of use since the 17th century, and most verbs that once were strong are now weak, especially in Jugsnorsk, which is far more inclined to grammatical change than Nygadsnorsk.


Line 832: Line 603:
{{Varhúsnorsk verbs s2|pa=y|m= - "to lie, tell lies"|ljúg-|lǿg-|lyg-}}
{{Varhúsnorsk verbs s2|pa=y|m= - "to lie, tell lies"|ljúg-|lǿg-|lyg-}}
{{Húsnorsk verbs s2|ljúg-}}
{{Húsnorsk verbs s2|ljúg-}}
{{Jugsnorsk verbs w|lýg-}}
 
=====Class 1=====
 
=====Class 2=====
=====Class 3=====
=====Class 4=====
=====Class 5=====
{{Varhúsnorsk verbs s5|pa=y|m= - "to lie, tell lies"|ljúg-|lǿg-|lyg-}}
{{Húsnorsk verbs s5|pa=y|ljúg-}}
=====Class 6=====
=====Class 7=====
 
 


====Weak verbs====
====Weak verbs====
{{Jugsnorsk weak|pa=y|j=y|m= - "to bend, bow"|bǿg-}}


====Suppletive verbs====
====Suppletive verbs====
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{{Varhúsnorsk węja|m=|węj-|waj-|wę́j-|wǫ́j-|ęj-}}
{{Varhúsnorsk węja|m=|węj-|waj-|wę́j-|wǫ́j-|ęj-}}
{{Húsnorsk węja|m=|węj-|waj-|wę́j-|wǫ́j-|ęj-|wé-|wę́-|wē-|é-}}
{{Húsnorsk węja|m=|węj-|waj-|wę́j-|wǫ́j-|ęj-|wé-|wę́-|wē-|é-}}
{|
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|
{{Jugsnorsk veja|m=|vej-|vaj-|véj-|ej-|vé-|é-}}
|
{{Jugsnorsk veja|m=|øj-|ǫj-|ǿj-|ej-|ǿ-|é-}}
|}


==Syntax==
==Syntax==
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:'''Nygadsnorsk''': drǿmda mik ą drǿm í nát ú : sýki o dýrá fǿd
:'''Nygadsnorsk''': drǿmda mik ą drǿm í nát ú : sýki o dýrá fǿd
::/drøːm.da mik ɐ drøːː iː naːt uː : syː.ki o dyː.raː føːd/
::/drøːm.da mik ɐ drøːː iː naːt uː : syː.ki o dyː.raː føːd/
:'''Jugsnorsk''': drø̄́ða mik a drø̄́ í nát ū : sjuki ok dýrā fjud
:'''Jugsnorsk''': ęk drø̀ðu mik a drø̀s í nát ū : sýkis ok fýds
::alt: drǿmða mik a drǿm í nát ū : sjuki ok dýrā fjud
::[ˌɛk ˈdrøːː.ðʊ ˌmik ɐ ˈdrøːːs i ˈnɐu̯t uː : ˈsʏy̯.kɪs ɔ ˈfʏy̯tʰ]
::[drøːː.ðɐ mik ɐ drøːː i nɐu̯t uː : sju.kɪ ɔ dʏy̯.raː fjud]


#"a"/"ą" is a filler syllable to pad the line out, it has no semantic meaning.
#"a"/"ą" is a filler syllable to pad the line out, it has no semantic meaning.
Line 900: Line 674:
'''English''':
'''English''':
:I dreamt a dream last night of : silk and fine fur.
:I dreamt a dream last night of : silk and fine fur.
:literal: I dreamt me a dream last night about : silk and fine fur


===UDHR Article 1===
===UDHR Article 1===
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|-
|-
|3||to go
|3||to go
|
| ganga
|  
| ganga
|
| gagga
|
| gagga
| gagga
| ganga
| gånga
|-
|-
|4||water
|4||water
|
| vatn
|  
| watn
|
| watn, watū
|
| watn, watú
| vatn, vatū
| vatn
| vatten
|-
|-
|5||mouth
|5||mouth
Line 966: Line 747:
| (body) munðj </br>(river) mynni</br>(river) ósj
| (body) munðj </br>(river) mynni</br>(river) ósj
| (body) munðj</br>(river) mynni</br>(river) ósj
| (body) munðj</br>(river) mynni</br>(river) ósj
| (body) munðj, múðj</br>(river) mynni</br>(river) ósj
| (body) mūðj</br>(river) mynni</br>(river) ósj
| (body) munnur</br>(river) mynni</br>(river) ós
| (body) munnur</br>(river) mynni</br>(river) ós
| (body) mun</br>(river) mynne</br>(river) os
| (body) mun</br>(river) mynne</br>(river) os
|-
|-
|6||tongue
|6||tongue
|
| tunga
|  
| tunga
|
| tugga
|
| tugga
| tugga
| tunga
| tunga
|-
|-
|7||blood
|7||blood
|
| blóð
|  
| blōþ
|
| blóð
|
| blód
| blóð
| blóð
| blod
|-
|-
|8||bone
|8||bone
|
| bein
|  
| bēn
|
| bén, bḗ
|
| bén, bē
| bén, bḗ
| bein
| ben
|-
|-
|9||{{sc|2sg pronoun (you)
|9||{{sc|2sg pronoun}} (you)
| þú
| þú
| þū
| þū
Line 1,021: Line 811:
|
|
|-
|-
|14||{{sc|1sg pronoun (I)
|14||{{sc|1sg pronoun}} (I)
| ek
| ek
| iak
| iak
Line 1,156: Line 946:
|
|
|-
|-
|35||{{sc|3sg pronoun (they)
|35||{{sc|3sg pronoun}} (they)
| hann (m)</br>hǫ́n (f)</br>þat (n)
| hann (m)</br>hǫ́n (f)</br>þat (n)
| han(n) (m)</br>hōn (f)</br>þæt? (n)
| han(n) (m)</br>hōn (f)</br>þæt? (n)
Line 1,366: Line 1,156:
| feldr (animal)</br> skinn (general)</br>húð
| feldr (animal)</br> skinn (general)</br>húð
| feldʀ (animal)</br> skinn (general)</br>hūþ
| feldʀ (animal)</br> skinn (general)</br>hūþ
| feudj (animal)</br> skinn (general)</br>húðj (human)
| feudj (animal)</br> skīn (general)</br>húðj (human)
| fǿdj (animal)</br> skinn (general)</br>húdj, kúdj (human)
| fǿdj (animal)</br> skín (general)</br>húdj, kúdj (human)
| fǿdj (animal)</br> skinn (general)</br>húðj (human)
| fǿdj (animal)</br> skīn (general)</br>húðj (human)
| skinn</br>húð
| skinn</br>húð
| skinn (general)</br>hud
| skinn (general)</br>hud
Line 1,574: Line 1,364:
#Not cognate
#Not cognate
:::"spá" from Old Norse "spá", meaning "to foretell".
:::"spá" from Old Norse "spá", meaning "to foretell".
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:A posteriori]]
[[Category:Germanic languages]]
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