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Húsnorsk: Difference between revisions

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==Development==
==Development==
Húsnorsk's phonological history is, for the most part, deeply understood. The development of certain consonants and vowels isn't fully understood, such as the mechanism behind Old Norse initial /x/ to Nygadsnorsk /k/, which is extremely poorly understood as it's not known what caused it nor where it happens.
Húsnorsk's phonological history after Pre-Húsnorsk is deeply understood, though the development of certain consonants and vowels isn't fully understood, such as the mechanism behind Old Norse initial /x/ to Nygadsnorsk /k/, which is extremely poorly understood as it's not known what caused it nor where it happens.


The following are the reconstructed phonological and grammatical changes between Old West Norse and Húsnorsk. Grammatical changes will be italicized..
The following are the reconstructed phonological and grammatical changes between Old West Norse and Húsnorsk. Grammatical changes will be italicized..


===Varhúsnorsk===
===Varhúsnorsk===
*/ar/ to /ɐ/.
*/xʷ/ to /x/, the lost labialization affects the vowel, rounding or raising vowels.
*/xʷ/ to /x/, the lost labialization affects the vowel, rounding or raising vowels.
*/ʀ/ to /j/
*/ʀ/ to /j/
*/Vl/ to /Vu̯/, but /Vl:/ to /Vu̯d/ (where /V/ is any vowel, /ul/ to /uː/), syllabic /l/ seemingly remains.
*/Vl/ to /Vu̯/, but /Vl:/ to /Vu̯d/ (where /V/ is any vowel, /ul/ to /uː/), syllabic /l/ seemingly remains.
*/mb, nd, ŋg/ to /bː, dː, gː/
*''Dual pronouns lost? (The timing is uncertain, but it happened relatively early on)''
*/rn, rm/ to /tn, pm/
*/rn, rm/ to /tn, pm/
*/v/ to /b/ before approximants (/f/ > /p/ only occurs word initially, as it was [v] elsewhere)
*/fp, vb/ to /pː, bː/
*''Dative leveled to -i/-inū/-ū/-unū.''
*''Dative leveled to -i/-inū/-ū/-unū.''
*/ð, ɣ/ lost between two sonorants (/r, l, n, m, j, w/, but for some reason not OEN ʀ, which had merged with /j/ at this point)
*/ð, ɣ/ lost between two sonorants (/r, l, n, m, j, w/, but for some reason not OEN ʀ, which had merged with /j/ at this point
*<sup>?</sup> /st/ to /s/ after consonants, especially nasals
*<sup>?</sup> /st/ to /s/ after consonants, especially nasals
*final nasals to nasalization when following a vowel, this always occurs in inflectional endings regardless if it's word final or not (see -anna > -ãna)
*final nasals to nasalization when following a vowel, this always occurs in inflectional endings regardless if it's word final or not (see -anna > -ãna)
*''-ðr-/-nn- paradigm leveled to -ðr- throughout''
**''see Old Norse "annarr" and "mann" (accusative of "maðr") to Nygadsnorsk "adrarą" and "mad" (-nn > -d due to the next change)''
*Devoicing of stops in contact with /s/
*Devoicing of stops in contact with /s/
*/-u̯/ to /-y̯/ after round vowels (so /øu/ > /øy/)
*/-u̯/ to /-y̯/ after round vowels (so /øu/ > /øy/)
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===Nygadsnorsk===
===Nygadsnorsk===
*coda geminates to /ʰC/ when voiceless, to a fricative when voiced, and nasals to /PN/ (eg. /n:/ > /tn/)
*Diphthong flattening: /au, ɛu, eu, iu, øu, yu, ɔu, ou/ /ɔː, øː, øː, yː, yː, yː, oː, uː/
*Diphthong flattening: /au, ɛu, eu, iu, øu, yu, ɔu, ou/ /ɔː, øː, øː, yː, yː, yː, oː, uː/
**Diphthong flattening continues after with /-j/. (thus "alr" becomes "œ" /œː/)
**Diphthong flattening continues after with /-j/. (thus "alr" becomes "œ" /œː/)
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! rowspan=2 |  
! rowspan=2 |  
! colspan=2 | Front
! colspan=2 | Front
! rowspan=2 | Central
! rowspan=2 | Back
! rowspan=2 | Back
|-
|-
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| i
| i
| y
| y
|
| u
| u
|-
|-
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| e
| e
| ø
| ø
|
| o
| o
|-
|-
! Mid-Low
! Mid-Low
| ɛ
| ɛ
|
|  
|  
| ɔ
| ɔ
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|  
|  
|  
|  
| ɐ
| ɑ
| ɑ
|-
|-
|}
|}


#All vowels except /ɐ/ can be long, /u, y/ can be overlong (from Old Norse /uːl, yːl/)
#All vowels can be long, /u, y/ can be overlong (from Proto-Norse /uːl, yːl/)


===Nygadsnorsk===
===Nygadsnorsk===
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#/b, d, g/ becomes /p, t, k/ next to voiceless stops and /s/, but not /f/, which becomes /v/ next to these consonants.
#/b, d, g/ becomes /p, t, k/ next to voiceless stops and /s/, but not /f/, which becomes /v/ next to these consonants.
#It is extremely common to turn word initial /x/ into /k/, roughly 65% to 70% of native speakers do so.
#It is extremely common to turn word initial /x/ into /k/, roughly 65% to 70% of native speakers do so.
##Proper names form a major exception to this.
#:Proper names form a major exception to this.
#/v/ is /ʋ/ following a consonant (eg. /Cv/ = /Cʋ/), and for some speakers, word initially.
#/v/ is /ʋ/ following a consonant (eg. /Cv/ = /Cʋ/), and for some speakers, word initially.
#Realized as /t, p/ before /n, m/ (as in "ormj" /opmʲ/). Additionally, /rs/ may be realized as [t͡s].
#Realized as /t, p/ before /n, m/ (as in "ormj" /opmʲ/). Additionally, /rs/ may be realized as [t͡s].
#All stops have different values when geminated in coda position (Meaning when the geminate isn't split across syllables),  they are:
:::Nasals: "mm, nn" /pm, tn/
:::Voiceless: "pp, tt, kk" /ʰp, ʰt, ʰk/
:::Voiced: "bb, dd, gg" /v, z, g/




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! rowspan=2 |  
! rowspan=2 |  
! colspan=2 | Front
! colspan=2 | Front
! rowspan=2 | Central
! rowspan=2 | Back
! rowspan=2 | Back
|-
|-
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| i
| i
| y
| y
|
| u
| u
|-
|-
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| e
| e
| ø
| ø
|
| o
| o
|-
|-
! Mid-Low
! Mid-Low
| ɛ
| ɛ
|
|  
|  
| ɔ
| ɔ
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|  
|  
|  
|  
| ɐ
| ɑ
| ɑ
|-
|-
|}
|}


#All vowels except /ɐ/ can be long, and the round vowels (/u, o, ɔ, y, ø/) can be overlong.
#All vowels can be long and overlong.
 
===Jugsnorsk===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan=2 |
! Labial
! Dental
! Alveolar
! Velar
|-
! colspan=2 | Nasal
| m
|
| n
|
|-
! rowspan=3 | Stop
! Unvoiced
| p
|
| t
| k
|-
! Voiced
| b
|
| d
| g
|-
! Aspirated
| pʰ
|
| tʰ
| kʰ
|-
! rowspan=2 | Fricative
! Unvoiced
| f
| θ
| s
| x
|-
! Voiced
|
| ð
|
|
|-
! colspan=2 | Approximant
| ʋ
|
| r², l
| j
|-
|}
 
#/b, d, g/ become /p, t, k/ next to voiceless stops and /s/, but not /f/, which becomes /ʋ/ next to these consonants.
#Realized as /t, p/ before /n, m/ (as in "ormj" /opmʲ/). Additionally, /rs/ may be realized as [tʰ] (or [r̥]).
#All geminates are realized as short in coda position (Thus "Plýgg" is /ˈplʏy̯ɡ/)
 
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Stressed vowels
|-
! rowspan=3 |
! colspan=6 | Front
! rowspan=2 colspan=3 | Back
|-
! colspan=3 | Unround
! colspan=3 | Round
|-
! Short
! Diph.
! Long
! Short
! Diph.
! Long
! Short
! Diph.
! Long
|-
! High
| i
| ɪi̯
| iː
| y
| ʏy̯
| yː
| u
| ʊu̯
| uː
|-
! Mid
| e
| e̞i̯
| eː
| ø
| ø̞y̯
| øː
| o
| o̞u̯
| oː
|-
! Low
|
|
|
|
|
|
| a
| ɐu̯
| aː
|-
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Unstressed vowels
|-
! rowspan=3 |
! colspan=6 | Front
! rowspan=2 colspan=3 | Back
|-
! colspan=3 | Unround
! colspan=3 | Round
|-
! Short
! Diph.
! Long
! Short
! Diph.
! Long
! Short
! Diph.
! Long
|-
! High
| ɪ
| i
| iː
| ʏ
| y
| yː
| ʊ
| u
| uː
|-
! Mid
| ɛ
| e
| eː
| œ
| ø
| øː
| ɔ
| o
| oː
|-
! Low
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ɐ
| a
| aː
|-
|}
 
Within the "long" class is also overlongs that are exceedingly rare, occurring from Old Norse /VːN/, to Varhúsnorsk /Ṽː/, then modern /Vːː/.
 
/ɛ, ɔ/ also exist in stressed syllables as standalone sounds, but are rather rare, occuring from initial jV/wV assimilation (see "vatn"/"ǫtn" and "jaun"/"ęun"). There are also diphthongs formed from /Vi, Vu/ that aren't in the table, these occur from various sources.


==Orthography==
==Orthography==
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