Ka'mpang: Difference between revisions
Created page with "'''Ka'mpang''' /kaʔmkam/ [kəʔmpə̃ŋ] is a language with only four phonemes, but extensive allophony with a wide variety of phones. == Phonology == === Inventory === ==== Phonemic ==== The phonemic inventory is very simple, but due to the allophony, it becomes more useful to interpret the phonemes as phonological operations rather than phonetic ranges. The '''articulator''' category describes a basic articulation, clusters of which produce simple allophony. The ''..." |
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==== Phonemic ==== | ==== Phonemic ==== | ||
The phonemic inventory is very simple, but due to the allophony, it becomes more useful to interpret the phonemes as phonological operations rather than phonetic ranges. The '''articulator''' category describes a basic articulation, clusters of which produce simple allophony. The '''phonator''' category describes a phoneme that, in cluster allophony, changes the pronunciation of the articulator rather than adding a new element in a series. The phonator /ʔ/ can modify /m/ and /k/, but not the vowel /a/. | The phonemic inventory is very simple, but due to the allophony, it becomes more useful to interpret the phonemes as phonological operations rather than phonetic ranges. The '''articulator''' category describes a basic articulation, clusters of which produce simple allophony. The '''phonator''' category describes a phoneme that, in cluster allophony, changes the pronunciation of the articulator rather than adding a new element in a series. The phonator /ʔ/ can modify /m/ and /k/, but not the vowel /a/. | ||
The underlying form of the voiced articulator has been determined to be /m/ because it has only nasal and/or labial voiced allophones, as well as causing only nasalization or labialization in other phonemes. The underlying form of the voiceless articulator has been determined to be /k/ because it has only oral stop and/or velar voiceless allophones, with [k] being the most common, as well as causing only raising or velarization in other phonemes. The underlying form of the phonator has been determined to be /ʔ/ because that is its only phonetic realization outside of clusters, and it does not result in allophony outside of its modification of a consonant. The underlying form of the vowel has been determined to be /a/ because [a] is its realization in the absence of other phonemes and in the strict presence of the phonator. | The underlying form of the voiced articulator has been determined to be /m/ because it has only nasal and/or labial voiced allophones, as well as causing only nasalization or labialization in other phonemes. The underlying form of the voiceless articulator has been determined to be /k/ because it has only oral stop and/or velar voiceless allophones, with [k] being the most common, as well as causing only raising or velarization in other phonemes. The underlying form of the phonator has been determined to be /ʔ/ because that is its only phonetic realization outside of clusters, and it does not result in allophony outside of its modification of a consonant. The underlying form of the vowel has been determined to be /a/ because [a] is its realization in the absence of other phonemes and in the strict presence of the phonator. | ||
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! rowspan="2" |Labial | ! rowspan="2" |Labial | ||
! colspan="2" |(Pre-)alveolar | ! colspan="2" |(Pre-)alveolar | ||
! rowspan="2" |Palatal | ! rowspan="2" |Palatal | ||
! colspan="2" |Velar | ! colspan="2" |Velar | ||
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!Plain | !Plain | ||
!Labial | !Labial | ||
!Plain | !Plain | ||
!Labial | !Labial | ||
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|m | |m | ||
|n | |n | ||
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| | | | ||
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|t d | |t d | ||
|ⁿ͡ᵐt͡p | |ⁿ͡ᵐt͡p | ||
| | | | ||
|k ɡ | |k ɡ | ||
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|ɗ͡ɓ | |ɗ͡ɓ | ||
| | | | ||
|kʼ | |kʼ | ||
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|ᵏʘ | |ᵏʘ | ||
|ᵏǀ | |ᵏǀ | ||
| | | | ||
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|ᵏʘˀ | |ᵏʘˀ | ||
|ᵏǀˀ | |ᵏǀˀ | ||
| | | | ||
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|s | |s | ||
| | | | ||
|ç | |ç | ||
|x | |x | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" |Glide | ! colspan="2" |Glide | ||
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|} | |} | ||
A phonetic romanization is more common for Ka'mpang. The consonants are [m n ŋ p t d ⁿ͡ᵐt͡p k ɡ ᵑ͡ᵐk͡p ʔ ɓ ɗ͡ɓ kʼ ɠ͡ɓ ᵏʘ ᵏǀ ᵏʘˀ ᵏǀˀ v s | A phonetic romanization is more common for Ka'mpang. The consonants are [m n ŋ p t d ⁿ͡ᵐt͡p k ɡ ᵑ͡ᵐk͡p ʔ ɓ ɗ͡ɓ kʼ ɠ͡ɓ ᵏʘ ᵏǀ ᵏʘˀ ᵏǀˀ v s ç x χ j w] ⟨m n ng p t d np k g ngp ’ b db f c f’ c’ v s ch x q y w⟩. Like in the phonemic romanization, /ʔʔ/ and /ʔʔʔ/ are written ⟨-⟩ and ⟨’-⟩, respectively. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! colspan="2" rowspan="3" | | ! colspan="2" rowspan="3" | | ||
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# Va Vã → Vː Ṽː | # Va Vã → Vː Ṽː | ||
# t k → s x / _# | # t k → s x / _# | ||
# | # x → ç / {i, e}[±any]_ | ||
# | # x → χ / {u, o}[±any]_ | ||
=== Phonotactics === | === Phonotactics === | ||
The syllable structure of the phonemes is (C)(C)V(C). | The syllable structure of the phonemes is (C)(C)V(C). | ||