Jugsnorsk: Difference between revisions

|pronunciation=ˈyɡ.rɐ.ˌnor̥.kʰɐ

|ethnicity=Jugsnorsk

|fam1=[[w:Indo-European|Indo-European]]

|fam2=[[w:Germanic Languages|Germanic]]

|fam3=[[w:North Germanic|North Germanic]]

|script1=Runr

|script2=Latn

|ancestor=[[w:Old Norse language|Old Norse]]

|ancestor3=[[Húsnorsk]]

|ancestor4={{PAGENAME}}

|stand1=Varhúsnorsk

|familycolor=Indo-European

|speakers=(L1) 400,000

|speakers2=(L2) 20,000

}}

==History==

===Early Jugsnorsk (1770AD~1850AD)===

In the early 1770's, a large exodus of Húsnorsk from Novgorod began, likely spurred on by the [[w:1770-1772 Russian plague|Russian plague]], these fleeing families would move east, into [[w:Siberia|Siberia]] (So-called "Jugra" by the Húsnorsk, from Russian [[w:Yugra|Yugra]]). These Húsnorsk were once called "Plýggnorska" ("Fleeing Norse"), though this is a [[w:pejorative|pejorative]], and they are now called "Jugsnorsk" ("Yugra's Norse").

===Modern Jugsnorsk (1850AD~Today)===

==Phonology==

! colspan=5 | consonants  

|-

! colspan=4 | IPA

|-

! plain

! with -s

! with -f

|-

| B b

| b

| colspan=3 | pʰ

|-

| D d

| d

| colspan=3 | tʰ

|-

| F f

| f

| f(ː)

|-

| G g

| ɡ

| colspan=3 | kʰ

|-

| H h

| x

| colspan=3 | h(ː)

|-

| J j

| j

| ç

|-

| K k

| k

| colspan=3 | kʰ

|-

| L l

| l

| colspan=3 | l̥~u

|-

| M m

| m

| colspan=3 | m̥

|-

| N n

| n

| colspan=3 | n̥

|-

| P p

| p

| colspan=3 | pʰ

|-

| R r

| r

| r̥

|-

| S s

| s

| ʃ

|-

| T t

| t

| colspan=3 | tʰ

|-

| V v

| ʋ

| ʋː~uʋ

|-

| Z z

| tʰ

| colspan=3 | —

|-

| Þ þ

| θ

! colspan=8 | vowels  

|-

! colspan=5 | IPA

|-

! colspan=2 | stressed

! rowspan=2 | new long

|-

! plain

! old long

! old long

|-

| A a

| ɑ

| ɑː

|-

| E e

| e

| eː

|-

| I i

| i

| iː

|-

| O o

| o

| oː

|-

| U u

| u

| uː

|-

| Y y

| y

| yː

|-

| Ø ø

| ø

==Morphology==

===Umlaut===

Modern vowel variations in Jugsnorsk come primarily from l-vocalization and Vj/Vv smoothing (eg. ''al-'' > ''ó-'', ''alj'' > ''ǿ''), these are decently pervasive in Jugsnorsk, but not nearly as common as umlaut was in Old Norse. You will largely notice the effects of l-vocalization in the laudative and pejorative forms of nouns, where the -s-/-g- suffixes cause it to happen in every form (eg. ''mál-'', but ''mó-'' in the laudative and pejorative)

As with most other Germanic languages, a distinction between gender is made, which Jugsnorsk, like many Nordic languages, underwent the masculine/feminine merger that created the modern common/neuter system, though it is far more progressed than many of the continental Nordic languages, having undergone the change in pronouns as well. These are divided into ending, which is typically determined by the form in [[w:Proto-Germanic|Proto-Germanic]], which occasionally leads to potentially confusing stem names, such as "common ō-stem" nouns, which now have a null ending, where Proto-Germanic had *-ō. The strong/weak distinction is less important in the modern day, as the adjectival distinction this came from has since been lost in its entirety, so noun patterns are generally named for the gender and the stem type (eg. ''common a-stem'').

====Strong nouns====

=====Common patterns=====

As can be seen with this table, nouns can be irregular, especially when it consists of a vowel followed by l, as historic l-vocalization caused additional vowel alternations on top of umlaut.

======Feminine patterns======

The feminines have long since merged with the masculines to form the commons, this section will cover how each feminine pattern merged into the masculines. some of the feminine patterns have remained distinct in form, but still became common in treatment.

===Verbs===

Since Old Norse, Húsnorsk has begun using {{term|-at}} far more often, generalizing it into the negative affix for all verbs, as such, all verbs here will show two tables, one positive, one negative.

====Strong verbs====

Strong verbs are characterized by ablaut in the past tense forms, rather than the dental suffix of the weak verbs.

=====Class 1=====

=====Class 2=====

=====Class 3=====

=====Class 4=====

=====Class 5=====

=====Class 6=====

=====Class 7=====

the -gg- of ''gagga'' acts as a good example for the -gg- > -j- change exhibited by many younger speakers in common verbs.

Jugsnorsk has a few suppletive verbs in which some forms were replaced by another verb's forms.

==Syntax==

'''Jugsnorsk''':

#"a" is a filler syllable to make it flow better, it has no semantic meaning.

|}

#"feskj" from Old Húsnorsk *feskʀ, a form with introduced a-umlaut.

#"skīð" from Old Húsnorsk *skinþ, a continuation of -nþ- from Proto-Germanic.

==References==

{{Reflist}}