Scots Norse: Difference between revisions

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Scots Norse is typically split into two main dialect groups, Inner and Outer, corresponding to the Inner and Outer Hebrides, these are further divided into North and South for both, with a Central division for Inner. These dialects are almost entirely mutually intelligible within their groups, and mostly so even between the groups. Uniting all of these is the standardized form, ''Hàsudhrø̀sk'', literally meaning "High Scots Norse". ("high" as in "exalted")

==History==

~~===Origin===~~

===Early Scots Norse===

Scots Norse originates in the mid to late 13th century, around the time Suðreyjar was handed over to Scotland with the Treaty of Perth. Though the language would continue to be largely unchanged from the Old Norse of the 12th century, 1266AD is often used as a dividing date between Old Norse and the earliest forms of Scots Norse. While 1266 is a relatively arbitrary date, it serves its purpose as a convenient divide between two stages, as following the Treaty of Perth, the Hebrides would gain a much larger population of Gaelic and English speakers (At this point still Middle Irish and Middle English), and from roughly 1450AD onward, Scots Norse would be increasingly influenced by Scots Gaelic and, to a lesser extent, Scots.

Having been spoken throughout Suðreyjar, Scots Norse had a dialect within the Isle of Mann (Scots Norse ''"monø̀jr"'' /mɒ.ˈnei̯θ͇/). Little is known about Manx Norse (''monø̀sk''), as it is very poorly recorded, the most extensive description being a short document from around 1500AD that contains a list of about 150 words, with a very poor description of the pronunciations. Though from this description we can gather that Manx Norse still had the dental fricatives that had been lost in other dialects (merging with t/d), we get this from the description "... these [th and dh] are like that of the Saxons' beloved þ or the Scots' [Gaels'] sounds of the same staves [=letters]."

===Modern Scots Norse===

Modern Scots Norse is typically classed as endangered due to how few speakers it has, having no more than 37,000 native speakers as of 2020, and virtually all of them live in the Hebrides, making it extremely limited.

Since the early 1990's, Scots Norse has gained a small but dedicated community of linguists that are determined to document it and make resources more readily available. As of 2018, an online course has been published that goes over Standard Scots Norse, and it has been continually updated since then, improving the quality and extent of the contents, having started out as a rather barebones description of the phonology, orthography, and rudimentary grammar.

==Phonology==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

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===Prosody===

The rules for stress are very slightly more complex than they were in Old Norse, but not by much.

:Stress always goes on the left-most syllable possible. When there are vowels ~~without~~ a grave, stress goes to the first one, skipping over all vowels without one. (so ''sudhrø̀jr'' is stressed on "ø̀")

:Stress always goes on the left-most syllable possible. When there are vowels with a grave, stress goes to the first one, skipping over all vowels without one. (so ''sudhrø̀jr'' is stressed on "ø̀")

==Orthography==

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'''Original (English)''':

:All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

~~==Lexical comparison==~~

==Lexical comparison==

{|class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"

@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 Scots Norse is typically split into two main dialect groups, Inner and Outer, corresponding to the Inner and Outer Hebrides, these are further divided into North and South for both, with a Central division for Inner. These dialects are almost entirely mutually intelligible within their groups, and mostly so even between the groups. Uniting all of these is the standardized form, ''Hàsudhrø̀sk'', literally meaning "High Scots Norse". ("high" as in "exalted")
 ==History==
-===Origin===
 ===Early Scots Norse===
+Scots Norse originates in the mid to late 13th century, around the time Suðreyjar was handed over to Scotland with the Treaty of Perth. Though the language would continue to be largely unchanged from the Old Norse of the 12th century, 1266AD is often used as a dividing date between Old Norse and the earliest forms of Scots Norse. While 1266 is a relatively arbitrary date, it serves its purpose as a convenient divide between two stages, as following the Treaty of Perth, the Hebrides would gain a much larger population of Gaelic and English speakers (At this point still Middle Irish and Middle English), and from roughly 1450AD onward, Scots Norse would be increasingly influenced by Scots Gaelic and, to a lesser extent, Scots.
+Having been spoken throughout Suðreyjar, Scots Norse had a dialect within the Isle of Mann (Scots Norse ''"monø̀jr"'' /mɒ.ˈnei̯θ͇/). Little is known about Manx Norse (''monø̀sk''), as it is very poorly recorded, the most extensive description being a short document from around 1500AD that contains a list of about 150 words, with a very poor description of the pronunciations. Though from this description we can gather that Manx Norse still had the dental fricatives that had been lost in other dialects (merging with t/d), we get this from the description "... these [th and dh] are like that of the Saxons' beloved þ or the Scots' [Gaels'] sounds of the same staves [=letters]."
 ===Modern Scots Norse===
+Modern Scots Norse is typically classed as endangered due to how few speakers it has, having no more than 37,000 native speakers as of 2020, and virtually all of them live in the Hebrides, making it extremely limited.
+Since the early 1990's, Scots Norse has gained a small but dedicated community of linguists that are determined to document it and make resources more readily available. As of 2018, an online course has been published that goes over Standard Scots Norse, and it has been continually updated since then, improving the quality and extent of the contents, having started out as a rather barebones description of the phonology, orthography, and rudimentary grammar.
 ==Phonology==
 {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
@@ Line 164: / Line 170: @@
 ===Prosody===
 The rules for stress are very slightly more complex than they were in Old Norse, but not by much.
-:Stress always goes on the left-most syllable possible. When there are vowels without a grave, stress goes to the first one, skipping over all vowels without one. (so ''sudhrø̀jr'' is stressed on "ø̀")
+:Stress always goes on the left-most syllable possible. When there are vowels with a grave, stress goes to the first one, skipping over all vowels without one. (so ''sudhrø̀jr'' is stressed on "ø̀")
 ==Orthography==
@@ Line 186: / Line 192: @@
 '''Original (English)''':
 :All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
-==Lexical comparison==
 ==Lexical comparison==
 {|class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"