Iskel: Difference between revisions

(5 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)

Line 544:

=== Romanizations ===

Polyphthongs are mostly written by simply juxtaposing vowel letters together, but in cases with vowels that use digraphs, an overdot is placed on the non-first grapheme(s) of a diphthong to distinguish them (e.g. /ɪ i͡e/ are ⟨ie iė⟩, and /a͡ʌ ɑ͡e a͡o͡e/ are ⟨aȯe aoė aȯė⟩). Since all two- or three-vowel clusters contrast with a polypthong, a diaerisis is placed on the non-first grapheme(s) of such clusters to distinguish them (e.g. /ɪ i.e/ are ⟨ie ië⟩, and /a.ʌ ɑ.e a.o.e/ are ⟨aöe aoë aöë⟩).

Geminated single-letter consonants are written by doubling their letter.

==== Gemination ====

Geminated single-letter consonants are written by doubling their letter. Geminated digraphic clicks and affricates are written by doubling their first letter, and the other geminated digraphic consonants are written by doubling their last letter. Consonant clusters are distinguished from consonant clusters by placing an apostrophe between each consonant until ambiguity is removed (e.g. /θ th/ are ⟨th t'h⟩, and /ʀː ɾʀ ʀɾ/ are ⟨rrr r'rr rr'r⟩).

~~Geminated digraphic clicks and affricates~~ are written by ~~doubling their~~ first ~~letter~~, and the ~~other geminated digraphic consonants~~ are ~~written by doubling their last letter~~.

==== Vowels ====

Polyphthongs are mostly written by simply juxtaposing vowel letters together, but in cases with vowels that use digraphs, an overdot is placed on the non-first grapheme(s) of a diphthong to distinguish them (e.g. /ɪ i͡e/ are ⟨ie iė⟩, and /a͡ʌ ɑ͡e a͡o͡e/ are ⟨aȯe aoė aȯė⟩). Since all two- or three-vowel clusters contrast with a polypthong, a diaerisis is placed on the non-first grapheme(s) of such clusters to distinguish them (e.g. /ɪ i.e/ are ⟨ie ië⟩, and /a.ʌ ɑ.e a.o.e/ are ⟨aöe aoë aöë⟩).

~~Consonant clusters are distinguished from consonant clusters by placing an apostrophe between each consonant until ambiguity is removed~~ (~~e.g. /θ th/~~ are ~~⟨th t'h⟩~~, ~~and /ʀː ɾʀ ʀɾ/ are ⟨rrr r~~'~~rr rr'r⟩)~~.

For polypthongs, tone (not including low tone because it has unusual romanization) and length are always written on the first vowel grapheme, so every vowel with a tone or length diacritic begins its syllable's nucleus. It is therefore unnecessary to use a diaerisis on such vowels.

Toneless syllabic consonants are written with an overdot. On digraphs, the overdot is written only on the first letter (e.g. /ŋ̩ ʀ̩/ get written ⟨ṅg ṙr⟩). For the syllabic palatal nasal, the ⟨ñ⟩ is replaced with ~~⟨ny⟩~~, upon which the overdot can be placed ~~⟨ṅy⟩~~. All syllabic /v̩ ð̩/ are written with ⟨b d⟩ instead of ⟨v dh⟩, and so receive the overdot as ⟨ḃ ḋ⟩.

==== Syllabic Consonants ====

Toneless syllabic consonants are written with an overdot. On digraphs, the overdot is written only on the first letter (e.g. /ŋ̩ ʀ̩/ get written ⟨ṅg ṙr⟩). For the syllabic palatal nasal, the ⟨ñ⟩ is replaced with ⟨nh⟩, upon which the overdot can be placed ⟨ṅh⟩. All syllabic /v̩ ð̩/ are written with ⟨b d⟩ instead of ⟨v dh⟩, and so receive the overdot as ⟨ḃ ḋ⟩. Geminated syllabic consonants are only marked for syllabicity/tone on the second letter.

High tone is marked with an acute accent on vowels without a diacritic. On vowels with a macron (denoting length), the macron is replaced with a circumflex (e.g. /í íː/ are ⟨í î⟩). High tone syllabic consonants /ɱ̩́ ń̩ ɲ̩́ ŋ̩́ ź̩ ʒ̩́ ẃ̩ ĺ̩ j̩́ ɾ̩́ ʀ̩́/ have their overdots replaced with the acute accent ⟨ḿ ń ńy ńg ź źh ẃ ĺ ý ŕ ŕr⟩. High tone syllabic consonants /v̩ ð̩/ are written with a bar instead of an acute accent ⟨ƀ đ⟩.

==== Tones ====

High tone is marked with an acute accent on vowels without a diacritic. On vowels with a macron (denoting length), the macron is replaced with a circumflex (e.g. /í íː/ are ⟨í î⟩). High tone syllabic consonants /ɱ̩́ ń̩ ɲ̩́ ŋ̩́ ź̩ ʒ̩́ ẃ̩ ĺ̩ j̩́ ɾ̩́ ʀ̩́/ have their overdots replaced with the acute accent ⟨ḿ ń ńh ńg ź źh ẃ ĺ ý ŕ ŕr⟩. High tone syllabic consonants /v̩ ð̩/ are written with a bar instead of an acute accent ⟨ƀ đ⟩.

Because word-initial high tone words are most common, Iskel romanizes them differently to avoid extensive diacritic use: a high tone on a multisyllabic word is not written if there is only one high tone and it's word initial. Multisyllabic words with no tones are written as if they have a word-initial high tone.

Line 561:

Line 564:

Low tone is marked with an exclamation mark preceding the syllable.

==== List of Romanization ====

{| class="wikitable sortable"

! colspan="4" |Lanikel

Line 704:

Line 709:

|-

!/ŋ͡ʇ/

|qz

|dn

!/eː/

|ē

Line 717:

Line 722:

|-

!/k͡ʇ/

|qs

|ds

!/ə/

|eo

Line 923:

Line 928:

|-

!/ʎ̝̊/

|hl

|lh

!

|

!/ɬ/

|hl

|lh

!

|

@@ Line 544: / Line 544: @@
 === Romanizations ===
-Polyphthongs are mostly written by simply juxtaposing vowel letters together, but in cases with vowels that use digraphs, an overdot is placed on the non-first grapheme(s) of a diphthong to distinguish them (e.g. /ɪ i͡e/ are ⟨ie iė⟩, and /a͡ʌ ɑ͡e a͡o͡e/ are ⟨aȯe aoė aȯė⟩). Since all two- or three-vowel clusters contrast with a polypthong, a diaerisis is placed on the non-first grapheme(s) of such clusters to distinguish them (e.g.  /ɪ i.e/ are ⟨ie ië⟩, and /a.ʌ ɑ.e a.o.e/ are ⟨aöe aoë aöë⟩).
-Geminated single-letter consonants are written by doubling their letter.
+==== Gemination ====
+Geminated single-letter consonants are written by doubling their letter. Geminated digraphic clicks and affricates are written by doubling their first letter, and the other geminated digraphic consonants are written by doubling their last letter. Consonant clusters are distinguished from consonant clusters by placing an apostrophe between each consonant until ambiguity is removed (e.g. /θ th/ are ⟨th t'h⟩, and /ʀː ɾʀ ʀɾ/ are ⟨rrr r'rr rr'r⟩).
-Geminated digraphic clicks and affricates are written by doubling their first letter, and the other geminated digraphic consonants are written by doubling their last letter.
+==== Vowels ====
+Polyphthongs are mostly written by simply juxtaposing vowel letters together, but in cases with vowels that use digraphs, an overdot is placed on the non-first grapheme(s) of a diphthong to distinguish them (e.g. /ɪ i͡e/ are ⟨ie iė⟩, and /a͡ʌ ɑ͡e a͡o͡e/ are ⟨aȯe aoė aȯė⟩). Since all two- or three-vowel clusters contrast with a polypthong, a diaerisis is placed on the non-first grapheme(s) of such clusters to distinguish them (e.g.  /ɪ i.e/ are ⟨ie ië⟩, and /a.ʌ ɑ.e a.o.e/ are ⟨aöe aoë aöë⟩).
-Consonant clusters are distinguished from consonant clusters by placing an apostrophe between each consonant until ambiguity is removed (e.g. /θ th/ are ⟨th t'h⟩, and /ʀː ɾʀ ʀɾ/ are ⟨rrr r'rr rr'r⟩).
+For polypthongs, tone (not including low tone because it has unusual romanization) and length are always written on the first vowel grapheme, so every vowel with a tone or length diacritic begins its syllable's nucleus. It is therefore unnecessary to use a diaerisis on such vowels.
-Toneless syllabic consonants are written with an overdot. On digraphs, the overdot is written only on the first letter (e.g. /ŋ̩ ʀ̩/ get written ⟨ṅg ṙr⟩). For the syllabic palatal nasal, the ⟨ñ⟩ is replaced with ⟨ny⟩, upon which the overdot can be placed ⟨ṅy⟩. All syllabic /v̩ ð̩/ are written with ⟨b d⟩ instead of ⟨v dh⟩, and so receive the overdot as ⟨ḃ ḋ⟩.
+==== Syllabic Consonants ====
+Toneless syllabic consonants are written with an overdot. On digraphs, the overdot is written only on the first letter (e.g. /ŋ̩ ʀ̩/ get written ⟨ṅg ṙr⟩). For the syllabic palatal nasal, the ⟨ñ⟩ is replaced with ⟨nh⟩, upon which the overdot can be placed ⟨ṅh⟩. All syllabic /v̩ ð̩/ are written with ⟨b d⟩ instead of ⟨v dh⟩, and so receive the overdot as ⟨ḃ ḋ⟩. Geminated syllabic consonants are only marked for syllabicity/tone on the second letter.
-High tone is marked with an acute accent on vowels without a diacritic. On vowels with a macron (denoting length), the macron is replaced with a circumflex (e.g. /í íː/ are ⟨í î⟩). High tone syllabic consonants /ɱ̩́ ń̩ ɲ̩́ ŋ̩́ ź̩ ʒ̩́ ẃ̩ ĺ̩ j̩́ ɾ̩́ ʀ̩́/ have their overdots replaced with the acute accent ⟨ḿ ń ńy ńg ź źh ẃ ĺ ý ŕ ŕr⟩.  High tone syllabic consonants /v̩ ð̩/ are written with a bar instead of an acute accent ⟨ƀ đ⟩.
+==== Tones ====
+High tone is marked with an acute accent on vowels without a diacritic. On vowels with a macron (denoting length), the macron is replaced with a circumflex (e.g. /í íː/ are ⟨í î⟩). High tone syllabic consonants /ɱ̩́ ń̩ ɲ̩́ ŋ̩́ ź̩ ʒ̩́ ẃ̩ ĺ̩ j̩́ ɾ̩́ ʀ̩́/ have their overdots replaced with the acute accent ⟨ḿ ń ńh ńg ź źh ẃ ĺ ý ŕ ŕr⟩.  High tone syllabic consonants /v̩ ð̩/ are written with a bar instead of an acute accent ⟨ƀ đ⟩.
 Because word-initial high tone words are most common, Iskel romanizes them differently to avoid extensive diacritic use: a high tone on a multisyllabic word is not written if there is only one high tone and it's word initial. Multisyllabic words with no tones are written as if they have a word-initial high tone.
@@ Line 561: / Line 564: @@
 Low tone is marked with an exclamation mark preceding the syllable.
+==== List of Romanization ====
 {| class="wikitable sortable"
 ! colspan="4" |Lanikel
@@ Line 704: / Line 709: @@
 |-
 !/ŋ͡ʇ/
-|qz
+|dn
 !/eː/
 |ē
@@ Line 717: / Line 722: @@
 |-
 !/k͡ʇ/
-|qs
+|ds
 !/ə/
 |eo
@@ Line 923: / Line 928: @@
 |-
 !/ʎ̝̊/
-|hl
+|lh
 !
 |
 !/ɬ/
-|hl
+|lh
 !
 |