Kämpya: Difference between revisions

In stressed syllables, codas can also be /ⱱ/, /ɾ/ or /h/, as long as the vowel is a monophthong and not a diphthong.

! !! 1st Person Exclusive !! 1st Person Inclusive !! 2nd Person !! 3PS !! Reflexive !! Interrogative

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| Before a vowel || mj- || lán- || íŋ- || síw- || és- || ék-

dog 2PS.ACC=bite

or

2PS.ACC=bite dog

When a pronoun is the object of the verb to be put into the applicative voice, the subject is put into the dative case instead e.g. when we apply the applicative voice to

dog forest=LOC 2PS.ACC=bite

we get

forest 2PS.ACC=bite=LOC dog=DAT

The basic way to negate something is to place the clitic /na/ immediately before it e.g. from the sentence

2PS.ACC=bite dog.

We can say

2PS.ACC=NEG=bite dog

as well as

NEG=2PS.ACC=bite dog

and

2PS.ACC=bite NEG=dog

As we can see, /na/ can attach to either nouns or verbs. It can also attach to adjectives e.g.

2PS.ACC=bite NEG=small.REST dog

And adverbs e.g.

2PS.ACC=bite NEG=deep.ADV dog

However, if the word after /na/ begins with a vowel, an epenthetic /w/ is inserted e.g.

2PS.ACC=NEG=abandon dog

2PS.ACC=OPT=bite dog

2PS.ACC bite OPT=dog

2PS.ACC bite OPT=small.REST dog

2PS.ACC=POLQ=bite dog

as well as

POLQ=2PS.ACC=bite dog

and

2PS.ACC=bite POLQ=dog

Like with /na/, /du/ can also attach to adjectives e.g.

2PS.ACC=bite POLQ=small.REST dog

And adverbs e.g.

2PS.ACC=bite POLQ=deep.ADV dog

However, if the word after /du/ begins with a vowel, an epenthetic /w/ is inserted e.g.

2PS.ACC=POLQ=abandon dog

! !! Accusative !! Ergative !! Intransitive

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| Before a vowel || ón- || áŋ- || íts-

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