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Mergian: Difference between revisions

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| du-
| du-
| towards (slight positive connotation)
| towards (slight positive connotation)
| ''gien'' "give"
| ''given'' "give"
| ''dugien'' "donate"
| ''dugiven'' "donate"
|-
|-
| in-
| in-
| into, patient of a causative verb
| into, patient of a causative verb
| ''ludzjen'' "shine"
| ''ljustjen'' "shine"
| ''inludzjen'' "illuminate"
| ''inljustjen'' "enlighten"
|-
|-
| miþ- <!--Always governs the dative-->
| miþ- <!--Always governs the dative-->
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| ''frauzjen'' "sell"
| ''frauzjen'' "sell"
|-
|-
|vi
|vibre-
|
|against
|
|''stanen "''stand''"''
|
|''vibrestanen'' "oppose"
|-
|-
! colspan="4" | Aspectual prefixes
! colspan="4" | Aspectual prefixes
Line 1,066: Line 1,066:


==== Conjugation ====
==== Conjugation ====
Verbs are conjugated for three persons (first, second and third), two numbers (singular and plural), two tenses (present and past) and three moods (indicative, conjunctive and imperative) and there are five non-finite forms, which are the infinitive, present and past participles, and present and past mediopassives.


The stem of the strong verb changes depending on the tense of the verb. The infinitive and imperative should always take the present stem.
The stem of the strong verb changes depending on the tense of the verb. The infinitive and imperative should always take the present stem.
 
{| class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Strong verb conjugation
|+ Strong verb conjugation
! colspan="6" |Finite forms
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | !! colspan="2" | Indicative !! colspan="2" | Subjunctive !! rowspan="2" | Imperative
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |Indicative
! colspan="2" |Conjunctive
! rowspan="2" |Imperative
|-
|-
! Present !! Past !! Present !! Past  
!Present
!Past
!Present
!Past
|-
|-
! 1s
!<small>1S</small>
| -e
| -a
| -
| -
| -au
| -au
| -jau
| -jau
|  
|
|-
|-
! 2s
!<small>2S</small>
| -ea
| rowspan="2" | -s
| -t
| rowspan="2" | -t
| -ai
| rowspan="2" | -ai
| -ji
| rowspan="2" | -i
| -Ø
| -
|-
|-
! 3s
!<small>3S</small>
| -
| -t
| -ai
| -ji
|
|
|-
|-
! 1p
!<small>1P</small>
| -em
| -o
| -em
| -u
| -aime
| -aimme
| -me
| -imme
| -em
| -em
|-
|-
! 2p
!<small>2P</small>
| -ats
| -atz
| -uts
| -utz
| -jits
| -aitte
| -aits
| -itte
| -iþ
| -et
|-
|-
! 3p
!<small>3P</small>
| -en
| -en
| -en
| -aine
| -un
| -ne
| -ainne
| -inne
|
|
|-
|-
! colspan="4" | Mediopassive
! colspan="6" |Non-finite forms
| colspan="4" | -te
|-
|-
! colspan="4" | Participle
! colspan="2" |Participle
| colspan="4" | -ends
! colspan="2" |Mediopassive
! colspan="2" |Infinitive
|-
|-
! colspan="4" | Infinitive
| colspan="2" | -ens
| colspan="4" | -en
| colspan="2" | -vve*
| colspan="2" | -en
|}
|}
<nowiki>*</nowiki>-vve will change under some conditions:
* after a cluster, it will be ''-evve''
* after ''v'', it will be ''-''


{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
From a evolutionary perspective, some of the conjugations are irregular or might not make sense. This is because I, the author, have decided that to be so.
 
Consider the example with ''usngen'' 'to read'
{| class="wikitable"
|+Conjugation of ''usngen''
! colspan="6" |Finite forms
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Example with <br/> ''bijden'' 'to bite' !! colspan="2" | Indicative !! colspan="2" | Subjunctive !! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | Imperative
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |Indicative
! colspan="2" |Conjunctive
! rowspan="2" |Imperative
|-
|-
! Present !! Past !! Present !! Past  
!Present
!Past
!Present
!Past
|-
|-
! 1s
!<small>1S</small>
| ''bijde''
|usnga
| ''beð''
|usseng
| ''bijdau''
|usngau
| ''bijdzjau''
|osngjau
|| 
|
|-
|-
! 2s
!<small>2S</small>
| ''bijdea''
| rowspan="2" |usnges
| ''best''
| rowspan="2" |ussengt
| ''bijdai''
| rowspan="2" |usngi
| ''bijdzji''
| rowspan="2" |osngi
|| ''bið!''
|usseng!
|-
|-
! 3s
!<small>3S</small>
| ''bið''
|
| ''best''
| ''bijdai''
| ''bijdzji''
||
|-
|-
! 1p
!<small>1P</small>
| ''bijdem''
|usngo
| ''bedem''
|osngu
| ''bijdaime''
|usngaimme
| ''baidme''
|osngaimme
|| ''bijdme''
|usngem
|-
|-
! 2p
!<small>2P</small>
| ''bijdats''
|usngatz
| ''beduts''
|osngutz
| ''bijdits''
|usngaitte
| ''badaits''
|osngaitte
|| ''bijdiþ''
|usnget
|-
|-
! 3p
!<small>3P</small>
| ''bijden''
|usngen
| ''beden''
|osngun
| ''bijdaine''
|usngainne
| ''bedne''
|osngainne
||  
|
|-
|-
! !! colspan="3" | Present !! colspan="3" | Past
! colspan="6" |Non-finite forms
|-
|-
! Mediopassive
! colspan="2" |Participle
| colspan="3" | bijste
! colspan="2" |Mediopassive
| colspan="3" | beste
! colspan="2" |Infinitive
|-
|-
! Participle
| colspan="2" |usngens
| colspan="3" | bijdens
osngens
| colspan="3" | bedens
| colspan="2" |usngevve
|-
osngevve/ussengvve**
! Infintive
| colspan="2" |usgnen
| colspan="6" | beden
|}
|}
* Note: A regular sound change shifts /tt/ into [st], and word-final /t/ into [ð].
<nowiki>*</nowiki>The past stem of ''usngen'' is slightly irregular.
 
<nowiki>**</nowiki>Both are in common usage.


The weak verb conjugation is slightly more varied based off the thematic vowel of the verb. The thematic vowel divides verb conjugation into four declensions. The thematic vowel is always indicated by the infinitive. They are as follows:
The weak verb conjugation is slightly more varied based off the thematic vowel of the verb. The thematic vowel divides verb conjugation into four declensions. The thematic vowel is always indicated by the infinitive. They are as follows:
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