Scots Norse: Difference between revisions
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*lengthening of stressed vowels in open syllables | *lengthening of stressed vowels in open syllables | ||
*loss of gemination | *loss of gemination of non-sonorants. | ||
*final /r̩/ and nominal singular /ɑr, ir/ > /ə/ | *final /r̩/ and nominal singular /ɑr, ir/ > /ə/ | ||
*final front vowels > /ʲə/, final back vowels to /ə/ | *final front vowels > /ʲə/, final back vowels to /ə/ | ||
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*/w/ > /v/, causing /f/ [v] to merge back with [f], thus "arfa" [ɑr.vɑ] > [ɑr.fə] (modern /əɾf/) | */w/ > /v/, causing /f/ [v] to merge back with [f], thus "arfa" [ɑr.vɑ] > [ɑr.fə] (modern /əɾf/) | ||
*/θ, ð/ > /t, d/, with a few cases of /θ, ð/ > /f, v/ | */θ, ð/ > /t, d/, with a few cases of /θ, ð/ > /f, v/ | ||
*diphthong flattening, /øy, ɒu/ > /øː, oː/ | *diphthong flattening, /øy, ɒu, ɛi/ > /øː, oː, eː/ | ||
*merger of mid-high and mid-low vowels | *merger of mid-high and mid-low vowels | ||
*e > ja occasionally when Proto-Germanic *e (typically becomes ja in Old Norse anyways) | *e > ja occasionally when Proto-Germanic *e (typically becomes ja in Old Norse anyways) | ||
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*development of slender/broad/plain distinction | *development of slender/broad/plain distinction | ||
*front round vowels | *front round vowels break to /jV/ | ||
*short vowels > /ɪ, ɛ, ə, ʊ, ɔ/ | *short vowels > /ɪ, ɛ, ə, ʊ, ɔ/ | ||
*long vowels > /i, e, ɑ, u, o/ | *long vowels > /i, e, ɑ, u, o/ | ||
*(Western only) Loss of all gemination, including sonorants. | |||
*loss of /ə/ between two sonorants (such as /jər/ > /ir/), unless part of an inflectional ending. | *loss of /ə/ between two sonorants (such as /jər/ > /ir/), unless part of an inflectional ending. | ||
*unstressed vowels to /ə/. | *unstressed vowels to /ə/. | ||
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===Modern Scots Norse=== | ===Modern Scots Norse=== | ||
*/v/ > /f/ next to voiceless fricatives, such as /sv/ > /sf/. | |||
::<small>ON.</small> {{l|non|svartr}} /ˈswɑr.tr̩/ > <small>SuNo.</small> {{l|sdno|svarta}} /ˈsvəɾ.tə/ > <small>ScNo.</small> {{l|snon|sfart}} /ˈsfəɾt/ | |||
*mutations develop through the loss of word final sounds | *mutations develop through the loss of word final sounds | ||
**lenition: from being intervocalic | **lenition: from being intervocalic | ||
::<small>ON.</small> {{l|non|agi}} /ˈɑ.ɣi/ > <small>SuNo.</small> {{l|sdno|àgi}} /ˈɑ.ɟə/ > <small>ScNo.</small> {{l|snon|àegh}} /ˈɑj/ | |||
**eclipsis: from nasal clusters | **eclipsis: from nasal clusters | ||
*(Eastern) Loss of all gemination. | |||
*several palatalized sounds shift: | *several palatalized sounds shift: | ||
**/s, z, n, l, k, g, h, ɣ/ > /ʃ, ʒ, ɲ, ʎ, c, ɟ, ç, ʝ/ | **/s, z, n, l, k, g, h, ɣ/ > /ʃ, ʒ, ɲ, ʎ, c, ɟ, ç, ʝ/ | ||
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==Orthography== | ==Orthography== | ||
(updated up to " | (updated up to "cn") | ||
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" | {| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" | ||
! colspan=5 | Consonants | ! colspan=5 | Consonants | ||
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| colspan=2 | broad | | colspan=2 | broad | ||
| {{IPA|/x/}} | | {{IPA|/x/}} | ||
| {{ | | {{l|snon|loch}} {{IPA|/ˈɫɔx/}}, {{l|snon|Fràch}} {{IPA|/ˈfɾɑx/}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan=2 | slender | | colspan=2 | slender | ||
| {{IPA|/ç/}} | | {{IPA|/ç/}} | ||
| {{ | | {{l|snon|loech}} {{IPA|/ˈɫɔç/}}, {{l|snon|dìchial}} {{IPA|/ˈdi.çəɫ/}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan=3 | '''chd''' | | colspan=3 | '''chd''' | ||
| {{IPA|/xk/}} | | {{IPA|/xk/}} | ||
| {{ | | {{l|snon|}} {{IPA|//}}, {{l|snon|}} {{IPA|//}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan=3 | '''cn''' | | colspan=3 | '''cn''' | ||
| {{IPA|/ | | {{IPA|/kɾ/}} | ||
| {{ | | {{l|snon|cnà}} {{IPA|/ˈkɾɑ/}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan=2 | '''d''' | | rowspan=2 | '''d''' | ||
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Most parts of speech are split among three "types" or "classes" based on the mutation they cause in the following word, these are called "radical", "lenite", and "eclipse", and they generally don't affect the word itself. Verbs form the primary exception, as they very consistently follow a single pattern, with the dictionary form (the infinitive) always being a lenite. | Most parts of speech are split among three "types" or "classes" based on the mutation they cause in the following word, these are called "radical", "lenite", and "eclipse", and they generally don't affect the word itself. Verbs form the primary exception, as they very consistently follow a single pattern, with the dictionary form (the infinitive) always being a lenite. | ||
A set of colors will be applied within the tables here, each color highlighting a specific thing. | |||
*red: the ending. | |||
*blue: the mutation. | |||
*green: the impersonal infix. (for verbs) | |||
*purple: the mutation within the ending. (for prepositions) | |||
===Nominals=== | ===Nominals=== | ||
====Nouns==== | ====Nouns==== | ||