Ŧœlsin: Difference between revisions
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! !! Definite !! Indefinite | ! !! Definite !! Indefinite | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Singular Masculine|| êl (''ê'' before a consonant) || one (''on'' before a vowel) | | Singular Masculine|| êl /ɛl/ (''ê'' /ɛ/ before a consonant) || one /one/ (''on'' /on/ before a vowel) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Singular Feminine|| la (''la''' | | Singular Feminine|| la /la/ (''la''' /l/ before a vowel)|| ona /ona/ (''ona''' /ɔn/ before a vowel) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Plural Masculine || lecͪ || onec (''onc''), dalecͪ<sup>1</sup> | | Plural Masculine || lecͪ /le/ || onec /ones/ (''onc''), dalecͪ<sup>1</sup> /dale/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Plural Feminine || lecͪ || onac, dalecͪ<sup>1</sup> | | Plural Feminine || lecͪ /le/ || onac /onas/, dalecͪ<sup>1</sup> /dale/ | ||
|} | |} | ||
<sup>1</sup>Dalecͪ is a contraction of dal (partitive article) and the plural definite article lecͪ. It serves | <sup>1</sup>Dalecͪ is a contraction of dal (partitive article) and the plural definite article lecͪ. It serves with nouns of different genders. | ||
====Pronouns==== | ====Pronouns==== | ||
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The comparative of equality (as ... as ...) uses an anlytical construction : | The comparative of equality (as ... as ...) uses an anlytical construction : | ||
*talnt + ADJ + az ke | *talnt + ADJ + az ke | ||
Superlatives (''the most ... ; the least ...'')are indicated with prefixes : | Superlatives (''the most ... ; the least ...'') are indicated with prefixes : | ||
*Superlative of superiority : (êl, la) li+ADJ | *Superlative of superiority : (êl, la) li+ADJ | ||
*Superlative of inferiority : (êl, la) mi+ADJ | *Superlative of inferiority : (êl, la) mi+ADJ | ||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
Verbs inflect in tense, mood, person and animatedness. There are four moods : two realis moods, the indicative and the so-called absolute (corresponds mostly to a gnomic aspect), and two irrealis moods, the conditional and the imperative. There are seven « persons » : first singular, second singular, third singular, first plural, second plural, third plural, and the polite person. | Verbs inflect in tense, mood, person and animatedness. There are four moods : two realis moods, the indicative and the so-called absolute (corresponds mostly to a gnomic aspect), and two irrealis moods, the conditional and the imperative. There are seven « persons » : first singular, second singular, third singular, first plural, second plural, third plural, and the polite person. | ||
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*Negation : | *Negation : | ||
Negation is constructed with the negative word « ne », placed before both the subject and the verb : | Negation is constructed with the negative word « ne », placed before both the subject and the verb : | ||
ne + Subject + Conjugated Verb (+ complement) | |||
"Ne æ̊ cƿa one măcko" : I am not a man. | |||
*Questions : | *Questions : | ||
Interrogation is constructed with an interrogative particle, « deme », placed in the beginning of the sentence : | Interrogation is constructed with an interrogative particle, « deme », placed in the beginning of the sentence : | ||
deme + Subject + Conjugated Verb (+ complement) + ? (or deme + Verb, 3rd person + Subject + ?) | |||
"Deme æ̊ cƿa one măcko ?" or "Deme cƿat æ̊ one măcko ?" : Am I a man ? | |||
If there is an interrogative word (ex. : « don », where, here), it is inserted between the deme particle and the subject/verb. | If there is an interrogative word (ex. : « don », where, here), it is inserted between the deme particle and the subject/verb. | ||
"Deme don æ̊ cƿa ?" : Where am I ? | |||
===Dependent clauses=== | ===Dependent clauses=== | ||
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Dependent clauses are introduced by the particles ke? or dake?, depending on the subject of the dependent clause being rather animate/temporary or inanimate/everlasting. When there is to be a subjunctive, the said subject precedes the particle (see Subjunctive). | Dependent clauses are introduced by the particles ke? or dake?, depending on the subject of the dependent clause being rather animate/temporary or inanimate/everlasting. When there is to be a subjunctive, the said subject precedes the particle (see Subjunctive). | ||
== | ==Informal Ŧœlsin== | ||
Some features of the everyday, casual Ŧœlsin speaking include : | |||
Contractions of the verb "to be" (when using the 3rd person construction) | |||
I am – Cƿat æ̊ => Cw͠atqa ['swatʃa] | |||
You are, sg. – Cƿat tw => Cw͠attw ['swat:u] | |||
He is – Cƿat æ => Cw͠atæ [swataj], Cw͠adæ [swadaj] | |||
She is – Cƿat mæ => Cw͠amæ [swamaj] | |||
We are – Cƿna cæ̊n => Cw͠inan [swinan], Cw͠iæ̊n [swijan], Cwæ̊n [sujan] | |||
You are, pl. – Cƿna vw => Civw [sivu], Cƿnw [swinu] | |||
They are, m. – Cƿna cæ => Cinæ [sinaj], cƿinæ [swinaj] | |||
They are, f. – Cƿna mæcͪ => Cimæcͪ [simaj], Cƿimæcͪ [swimaj] | |||
You are, polite – Cƿe* ææ̊ => Cw͠eæ̊ [sweja], Cw͠eiæ̊ ['swej:a] | |||
==Other resources== | ==Other resources== | ||
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --> | <!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --> | ||
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[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||
[[Category:Conlangs]] | [[Category:Conlangs]] | ||
[[Category:Tolsian]] | |||