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Ancient Tevvic: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name=Tevvotanva
|name=Ancient Tevvic
|nativename=ťēvvó tâṇva
|nativename={{l|tevo|त़ैव्वॉ॔ ता॔ण|tr=ťēvvó tā́ṇa}}
|pronunciation=cɛːʋ.ˈʋɔ ˈtɑː.ɳʋə
|pronunciation=cɛːʋ.ˈʋɔ ˈtɑː.ɳɑ
|ethnicity=Tevvotanva
|ethnicity=Tevvics
|states=[[w:Uttarakhand|Uttarakhand]]
|states=[[w:Uttarakhand|Uttarakhand]]
|fam1=[[w:Indo-European|Indo-European]]
|fam1=[[w:Indo-European|Indo-European]]
|fam2=?
|fam2=Para-Germanic
|fam3=Tevvic
|fam3=?
|script1=Latn
|fam4=Tevvic
|script1=Deva
|ancestor=Proto-?
|ancestor=Proto-?
|ancestor2=Ancient Tevvotanva
|ancestor3=Middle Tevvotanva
|creator=[[User:Melinoë|Melinoë]]
|creator=[[User:Melinoë|Melinoë]]
|created=May, 2026
|created=May, 2026
|setting=
|setting=
|familycolor=Indo-European
|familycolor=Indo-European
|nation=India
|era=Spoken from the 8th century to the mid 12th century AD, developed into [[Middle Tevvic]] by the mid 13th century AD.
|notice=IPA
|notice=IPA
}}
}}


Ancient Tevvic ([[w:Autonym|Autonym]]: {{l|tevo|त़ैव्वॉ॔ ता॔ण|tr=ťēvvó tā́ṇa}}, /cɛːʋ.ˈʋɔ ˈtɑː.ɳɑ/) was a language spoken in northern India, largely around the modern state of Uttarakhand. It is seemingly a member of the (unnamed) family, making it part of the so-called "Para-Germanic" branch of languages. Ancient Tevvic is immensely divergent, to the point it had become unintelligible to its closest relatives by at most 300 years after splitting from them. Being among the many colloquial languages spoken throughout India, Ancient Tevvic was considered a [[w:Prakrit|Prakrit]], despite not being Indo-Aryan in the slightest, though it would receive large influence from Sanskrit, much like the other languages of India, though it would largely avoid Sanskritization.


 
Ancient Tevvic is the primary ancestor of the Tevvic branch of languages, which is comprised of a small group of relatively distantly related languages from across southeast Asia, largely focused on the Indian subcontinent.
==Classification==


==History==
==History==
===Pre-Modern===
Ancient Tevvic split off from its relatives by about 750AD, the peoples having begun migrating to India likely due to the Turkic migrations into the lands.
===Modern===


==Development==
==Development==
===Ancient Tevvotanva===
*/x/ > /h/
*/x/ > /h/
*/r/ > /ɹ~ɻ/
*/r/ > /ɹ~ɻ/
*/ɣ/ > /j, w, g/ depending on environment.
*unstressed /i, u, ɑ/ > /ə/, leaving /ʲ, ʷ/ on following consonant, with the last turning consonants retroflex. Approximants simply move place, to /j, w, ɻ/ or /ʎ, ɫ, ɭ/ respectively
*/VjV/ > /V:/
**this palatal/labialization often affects the vowel and is then dropped
*unstressed /i, u, ɑ/ > /ə/, leaving /ʲ, ʷ/ on following consonant, with the last turning consonants retroflex
** this palatal/labialization often affects the vowel and is then dropped
*/ə/ lost where new clusters are easy
*/ə/ lost where new clusters are easy
*diphthongs simplify
*diphthongs simplify
*/VjV, VwV/ > /V:/
*coda nasals to nasalization where possible
*coda nasals to nasalization where possible
*word final /s/ > /h/
*word final /s/ > /h/, and /sN/ > /N/,  where /N/ is any nasal
*word final /Vh{ʲ,ʷ}/ > /V{ʲ,ʷ}/
*word final /Vh{ʲ,ʷ}/ > /V{ʲ,ʷ}/
*/wu/ > /u/
*/wu/ > /u/
*nasal vowels break to /AV/, thus /ɛN/ > /jɛ/
*/ĩ, ũ, ɛ̃, ɔ̃, ɑ̃, ə̃/ > /ɨ, ɨ, ə, ə, ə, ɑ/
*overlong vowels to plain long
*overlong vowels to plain long
*/w, v/ > /ʋ/, /hw/ > /ʋ̥/
*/w, v/ > /ʋ/, /hw/ > /ʋ̥/
*/NC/ > /C:/ when of the same place, when not then place assimilation occurs, thus /nt/ > /t:/ but /mt/ > /nt/
*/{rt,tr,rc,cr}, {rd,dr,rɟ,ɟr}, {rn,nr,rm,mr}, {rs,sr,rʃ,ʃr}, {rz,zr,rʒ,ʒr}/ > /ʈ, ɖ, ɳ, ʂ, ʐ/, /rk, kr/ > /ʈ/ in some areas
*/{rt,tr,rc,cr}, {rd,dr,rɟ,ɟr}, {rn,nr,rm,mr}, {rs,sr,rʃ,ʃr}, {rz,zr,rʒ,ʒr}/ > /ʈ, ɖ, ɳ, ʂ, ʐ/, /rk, kr/ > /ʈ/ in some areas
 
*coda geminates to /Cʰ/
===Middle Tevvotanva===
 
===Modern Tevvotanva===


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
Line 133: Line 127:
| uː
| uː
|-
|-
! Mid
! Mid-High
| e
| eː
| ø
| øː
| o
| oː
|-
! Mid-Low
| ɛ
| ɛ
| ɛː
| ɛː
Line 144: Line 146:
|  
|  
|  
|  
| (ə)
| ə
|  
| əː
| ɑ
| ɑ
| ɑː
| ɑː
Line 156: Line 158:


==Morphology==
==Morphology==
All inflectable terms follow one of three stress patterns, ''acrostatic'' (initial stress), ''mesostatic'' (stressed ending), or ''kinetic''. ''kinetic'' stress originally entailed a moving stress, where it was acrostatic in some forms, but mesostatic in others, this "moving" stress has been leveled out, but the phonological effects remain, as in '''''मंह॔ः''''' (mạháh) but '''''मंग॔ः''''' (mạgáh).
===Nominals===
===Nominals===
Nominals decline based on roughly 4 categories, those being ''number'', ''case'', ''gender'' (adjectives), and ''possessor'' (nouns). Noun roots may be derived for different genders, often for a semantic change.
====Nouns====
====Nouns====
{{inflection-table-top|palette=blue|title=Possessive endings|tall=yes}}
! class=outer colspan=2 |
! singular
! plural
|-
! colspan=2 | 1st
| {{l|tevo|-मै|tr=(-mē)}}
| {{l|tevo|-अंः|tr=(-ạh)}}
|-
! colspan=2 | 2nd
| {{l|tevo|-तै|tr=(-tē)}}
| {{l|tevo|-ऑः|tr=(-oh)}}
|-
! rowspan=3 | 3rd
! class=secondary | masc./neut.
| {{l|tevo|-णंः|tr=(-ṇạh)}}
| {{l|tevo|-नैसां|tr=(-nēsạ̄)}}
|-
! class=secondary | fem.
| {{l|tevo|-णंष्याः|tr=(-nạsjāh)}}
| {{l|tevo|-नीसां|tr=(-nīsạ̄)}}
|-
{{inflection-table-bottom|notes=}}
=====Masculines=====
=====Masculines=====
======a-stem======
{{inflection-table-top|palette=blue|title=A-stem masculine nouns|tall=yes}}
! rowspan=2 class=outer |
! colspan=2 class=outer | {{l|tevo|उ॔ल्फ़्|tr=úlf}} ("wolf", acro.)
! colspan=2 class=outer | {{l|tevo|हैज़॔ः|tr=hēzáh}} ("spear", meso.)
! colspan=2 class=outer | {{l|tevo|मंह॔ः|tr=mạháh}} ("stomach", kin.)
|-
! singular
! plural
! singular
! plural
! singular
! plural
|-
! nominative
| उ॔ल्फ़<span style="color:red">्</span> (úlf)
| उ॔ल्फ़<span style="color:red">ॉः</span> (úlf<span style="color:red">oh</span>)
| हैज़<span style="color:red">॔ः</span> (hēz<span style="color:red">áh</span>)
| हैज़<span style="color:red">ॉ॔ः</span> (hēz<span style="color:red">óh</span>)
|
|
|-
! vocative
| उ॔ल्फ़<span style="color:red">्</span> (úlf)
| उ॔ल्फ़<span style="color:red">ॉः</span> (úlf<span style="color:red">oh</span>)
| हैज़<span style="color:red">्</span> (hēz<span style="color:red"></span>)
| हैज़<span style="color:red">ॉ॔ः</span> (hēz<span style="color:red">óh</span>)
|
|
|-
! accusative
| उ॔ल्फ़<span style="color:red"></span> (úlf<span style="color:red">a</span>)
| उ॔ल्फ़<span style="color:red">ः</span> (úlf<span style="color:red">ah</span>)
| हौ॔ज़<span style="color:red">॓</span> (hēz<span style="color:red">ạ́</span>)
| हौ॔ज़<span style="color:red">॓ः</span> (hēz<span style="color:red">ạ́h</span>)
|
|
|-
! allative
| उ॔ल्फ़<span style="color:red">ौर्</span> (úlf<span style="color:red">ōr</span>)
| उ॔ल्फ़<span style="color:red">्वंः</span> (úlf<span style="color:red">vạh</span>)
| हौ॔ज़<span style="color:red">ौ॔र</span> (hēz<span style="color:red">ṓr</span>)
| हौ॔ज़<span style="color:red">ॉ॔ः</span> (hēz<span style="color:red">óh</span>)
|
|
|-
! genitive
| उ॔ल्फ़<span style="color:red">्</span> (úlf<span style="color:red"></span>)
| उ॔ल्फ़<span style="color:red">ां</span> (úlf<span style="color:red">ạ̄</span>)
| हौ॔ज़<span style="color:red">॔ः</span> (hēz<span style="color:red">áh</span>)
| हौ॔ज़<span style="color:red">ा॓</span> (hēz<span style="color:red">ạ̄́</span>)
|
|
|-
! ablative
| उ॔ल्फ़<span style="color:red">ॅत़्</span> (úlf<span style="color:red">eť</span>)
| उ॔ल्फ़<span style="color:red">ः</span> (úlf<span style="color:red">ah</span>)
| हौ॔ज़<span style="color:red">ॅ॔त़्</span> (hēz<span style="color:red">éť</span>)
| हौ॔ज़<span style="color:red">॓ः</span> (hēz<span style="color:red">ạ́h</span>)
|
|
|-
! dative
| उ॔ल्फ़<span style="color:red">ै</span> (úlf<span style="color:red">ē</span>)
| उ॔ल्फ़<span style="color:red">ैंः</span> (úlf<span style="color:red">ẹ̄h</span>)
| हौ॔ज़<span style="color:red">ै॔</span> (hēz<span style="color:red">ḗ</span>)
| हौ॔ज़<span style="color:red">ै॓ः</span> (hēz<span style="color:red">ẹ̄́h</span>)
|
|
|-
! instrumental
| उ॔ल्फ़<span style="color:red">ॉ</span> (úlf<span style="color:red">o</span>)
| उ॔ल्फ़<span style="color:red">ंः</span> (úlf<span style="color:red">ạh</span>)
| हौ॔ज़<span style="color:red">ॉ॔</span> (hēz<span style="color:red">ó</span>)
| {{lang|tevo|}}हौ॔ज़<span style="color:red">॓ः</span> (hēz<span style="color:red">ạ́h</span>)
|
|
|-
{{inflection-table-bottom|notes=}}
====Adjectives====
====Adjectives====
====Pronouns====
====Pronouns====
===Prepositions===
===Prepositions===
===Verbs===
===Verbs===
Line 251: Line 359:
|-
|-
| style="font-style:normal;" |  
| style="font-style:normal;" |  
| what is your name? <small>''(lit. "what name have you?")''</small>
| what is your name?
|-
|-
| style="font-style:normal;" |  
| style="font-style:normal;" |  
| my name is... <small>''(lit. "I have the name...")''</small>
| my name is...
|-
|-
| style="font-style:normal;" |  
| style="font-style:normal;" |  
Line 272: Line 380:
{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
!1
!1
|{{l|tevo|}}
|{{l|tevo|आ॓ः|tr=ạ̄́h}}
|-
|-
!2
!2
|{{l|tevo|}}
|{{l|tevo|त्वॅ॔ः|tr=tvéh}}
|-
|-
!3
!3
|{{l|tevo|}}
|{{l|tevo|ट॔र्ः|tr=ṭárh}}
|-
|-
!4
!4
|{{l|tevo|}}
|{{l|tevo|ष्ट्व॔र्|tr=ṣṭvár}}
|-
|-
!5
!5
|{{l|tevo|}}
|{{l|tevo|प॓ष्|tr=pạ́ṣ}}
|-
|-
!6
!6
|{{l|tevo|}}
|{{l|tevo|स॔ःश्|tr=sáhš}}
|-
|-
!7
!7
|{{l|tevo|}}
|{{l|tevo|ष्वु॓त्|tr=ṣvụ́t}}
|-
|-
!8
!8
|{{l|tevo|}}
|{{l|tevo|ढ़्डु॓त्|tr=ẓḍụ́t}}
|-
|-
!9
!9
|{{l|tevo|}}
|{{l|tevo|न॔वुंत्|tr=návụt}}
|-
|-
!10
!10
|{{l|tevo|}}
|{{l|tevo|तॉ॔हुंत्|tr=tóhụt}}
|-
|-
!11
!11
|{{l|tevo|}}
|{{l|tevo|ऐ॔ठ्ठुंत्|tr=ḗṭṭḥụt}}
|-
|-
!12
!12
|{{l|tevo|}}
|{{l|tevo|त्वै॔ठुंत्|tr=tvḗṭḥụt}}
|-
|-
|}
|}
Line 971: Line 1,079:


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Scots Norse/Agharsc|This page in Scots Norse]]
*[[:Category:Ancient Tevvic lemmas|Ancient Tevvic dictionary]]
*[[:Category:Scots Norse lemmas|Scots Norse dictionary]]


[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]
Line 978: Line 1,085:
[[Category:A posteriori]]
[[Category:A posteriori]]
[[Category:Germanic languages]]
[[Category:Germanic languages]]
[[Category:Scots Norse language]]
[[Category:Ancient Tevvic language]]
Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/wiki/Ancient_Tevvic"