Vexilian: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox language | |||
| name = Vexilian | |||
| nativename = Załojąļčæɂ/Заԓоӽъԡчӕь/زِلشےَحٛلژچٰا/זַלשֹכֲּלשׁצ׳ָא | |||
| pronunciation = zäɬo̞ˈq͡χɐɮʧæʔ | |||
| familycolor = conlang | |||
| fam1 = a priori language | |||
| creator = User:QaiZar | |||
| created = 2024 | |||
| scripts = Vexilian Abugida | |||
| clcr = none | |||
| image = [[File:Vexilian_autoglotonym_wirink'oq.png|frameless]] | |||
| notice = IPA | |||
}} | |||
==Introduction== | |||
THIS IS STILL A WIP, I'LL WRITE MORE LATER -THE AUTHOR OF THIS LANGUAGE | |||
Vexilian is a constructed language designed to be the vernacular language for vexilians. A highly militarized alien culture based on a nationalistic system. The language features a complex phonology, a polysynthetic morphology. Its linguistic structure reflects the cultural values of the Vexilians, where militarism and nationalism play a fundamental role. | |||
==Phonology== | |||
===Orthography=== | |||
===Consonants=== | |||
Vexilian has 45 consonants and 13 vowels. At the left of each cell in the table below is the [[w:phoneme|phoneme]], and at the left its transliterated representation if it is not written the same in IPA as in written vexilian. The consonants are as follows: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
| | |||
|Bilabial | |||
|Labiodental | |||
|Dental | |||
|Alveolar | |||
|Palatoalveolar | |||
|Retroflex | |||
|palatal | |||
|Velar | |||
|Uvular | |||
|Pharyngeal | |||
|Epiglottal | |||
|Glotal | |||
|- | |||
|Nasal | |||
|m | |||
| | |||
|n [n̪] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|ñ [ɲ] | |||
|ŋ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|Oclusive | |||
|p | |||
b | |||
| | |||
|t [t̪] | |||
d [d̪] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|k | |||
g | |||
|q | |||
| | |||
|q̇ [ʡ] | |||
|ɂ [ʔ] | |||
|- | |||
|Implosive | |||
|ɓ | |||
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|- | |||
|Africate | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|c [t͡s] | |||
ç [d͡z] | |||
|č [t͡ʃ] | |||
ĵ [d͡ʒ] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|ꝗ [q͡χ] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|Fricative | |||
| | |||
|f | |||
|ŧ [θ] | |||
ð | |||
|s [s] | |||
z [z] | |||
|š [ʃ] | |||
ž [ʒ] | |||
| | |||
|(ʝ) | |||
|j [x] | |||
ƣ [ɣ] | |||
|(χ) | |||
ř [ʁ] | |||
|ƹ [ʕ] | |||
| | |||
|h | |||
|- | |||
|Aprox. | |||
|w | |||
ƕ [ʍ] | |||
|v [ʋ] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|ŕ [ɻ] | |||
|y [j] | |||
ÿ[ɥ] | |||
| | |||
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| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|trill | |||
|ḅ [ʙ] | |||
ṗ [ʙ̥] | |||
| | |||
|r (r̪) | |||
|ŗ (r̝) | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|(ʀ) | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|Lateral Afr. | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|tł [t͡ɬ] | |||
dļ [d͡ɮ] | |||
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|- | |||
|Lateral Fr. | |||
| | |||
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|ł [ɬ] | |||
ļ [ɮ] | |||
| | |||
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| | |||
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|- | |||
|Lateral Aprox. | |||
| | |||
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|l | |||
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|- | |||
|Click | |||
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|kl [ǁ] | |||
| | |||
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|kly [ǂ] | |||
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| | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
===Vowels=== | |||
The 12 vowels of vexilian are as follows: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
| | |||
|Front | |||
|Near-Front | |||
|Central | |||
|Near-Back | |||
|Back | |||
|- | |||
|Closed | |||
|i | |||
| | |||
|ɨ (ü) | |||
| | |||
|u | |||
|- | |||
|Near-Closed | |||
| | |||
|ɪ (į) | |||
| | |||
|ʊ (ų) | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|Mid | |||
|e̞ (e) | |||
ø̞ (ø) | |||
| | |||
|ə (ę) | |||
| | |||
|o̞ (o) | |||
ɤ̞ (ǫ) | |||
|- | |||
|Near-Open | |||
|æ | |||
| | |||
|ɐ (ą) | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|Open | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|ä (a) | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
===Phonotactics=== | |||
Vexilian present a very ample phonetic inventory | |||
The vocalic system distinguishes short and long vowels with nasal and long nasal variants | |||
'''Syllabic structure''' | |||
* | |||
* The maximum syllabic structure is C(C)V(C) | |||
* | |||
* Most syllables start with a consonant. | |||
* | |||
* A 2 element consonant group is allowed, where the second is always an approximant (/j w ɥ/) or a liquid consonant (/l r/). | |||
* | |||
* Affricates and ejectives count as a single segment in the syllabic structure. | |||
* | |||
* Nucleus: | |||
* | |||
* It can contain a long, short, nasal, or long nasal vowel. | |||
* | |||
* Dipthongs are exclusively decrescent (ej. [ei̯], [au̯]). | |||
* | |||
'''Coda:''' | |||
Nasalized coda assimilates its articulation point to the next consonant. | |||
'''Phonologic processes:''' | |||
* Nasal assimilation: /n/ adopts the articulation point of the previous consonant (/n/ → [ŋ] on velar/uvular consonants, /n/ → [ɲ] on palatal consonants). | |||
* | |||
* Vowel reduction: On a atone syllable, short vowels often get reduced to /ə/, except for /i/, which reduces to [ɪ]. | |||
* | |||
* Glotal epenthesis: Between 2 identical vowels in sequence, /ʔ/ gets inserted to avoid hiatus. | |||
* | |||
* Lenition: Voiced stops get turned into fricatives between vowels (/b/ → [β], /d/ → [ð], /ɡ/ → [ɣ]). | |||
* | |||
* Emphatic glottalization: In poetic or ritual contexts, certain words are pronounced with an additional glottal stop, even if they're not graphically represented. | |||
* | |||
'''Distribution of /t͡s/, /t͡sʼ/ and /d͡z/:''' | |||
/t͡s/, /t͡sʼ/ y /d͡z/ behave like coronal consonants. They're frequent on initial and middle pose, but they rarely appear in coda. | |||
'''Neutralized eyectives in coda''' | |||
Ejective stops lose their audible release at the end of a word: | |||
/pʼ/ → [p̚] | |||
/tʼ/ → [t̚] | |||
/kʼ/ → [k̚] | |||
/qʼ/ → [q̚] | |||
===Morphophonology=== | |||
==Morphology== | |||
The verb structure is as follows: | |||
'''Evidentiality prefix + time/mode prefixes + Verbal root + object incorporation + Derivative sufixes + Subject marks''' | |||
===Evidentiality prefixes=== | |||
* Direct: Ƹa- (I saw with my own eyes). | |||
* Indirect/Audible: Ƹe- (I heard someone saw). | |||
* Doubtful/Imaginary: Ƹę- (I Assume it happened). | |||
===Time/Mode prefixes=== | |||
* Present: ta- | |||
* Past: ka- | |||
* Future: sa- | |||
* Hypothetical: za- | |||
* Perfective (completed action): q̇ę- | |||
* Imperfective (action in process): nę- | |||
===Derivative sufixes=== | |||
* Causative: -łę (make someone do something). | |||
* Passive: -tłę | |||
* Reflexive: -řę | |||
===Subject marks=== | |||
* 1st person: -ɂ | |||
* 2nd person: -kę | |||
* 3rd person: -sę | |||
===Quantity sufixes=== | |||
* Plural: -tł | |||
* Dual: -dļ | |||
* Paucal: -jł | |||
* Nular: -q̇oq | |||
==Syntax== | |||
===Constituent order=== | |||
Vexilian uses a Verb-Object-Subject order, like the algonquian languages or malagasy. | |||
===Noun phrase=== | |||
'''Basic order:''' | |||
(Determinant) + (Nucleus) + (Adjectives) + (Postpositions) + (Clitics/Modifiers) | |||
'''Ejemplo:''' | |||
''Zat ghoti-kho'' | |||
''That big fish'' (Determinant + Sustantive + Adjective) | |||
===Verb phrase=== | |||
Time/Aspect/Modality + Verbal Prefixes (theme, cause, applications, incorporations) + Verbal Root + Sufixes (plural, directional, etc.) | |||
'''Example:''' | |||
''Kapikožukçekę | |||
Ka-piko-žuk-çe-kę'' | |||
''¿Did you see me?'' (Ka = past, piko = interrogative, žuk = see, çe = object "me", kę = 2nd person indicator) | |||
===Sentence phrase=== | |||
Evidentiality prefix + time/mode prefixes + Verbal root + object incorporation + Derivative sufixes + Subject marks | |||
Ƹasašaŋghotiłęɂ | |||
Ӏасашаңгһотиԓэь | |||
عَسَشَڭگھۆتِڷها | |||
עַסַשַנּגהֹתִלְּא | |||
/ʕäsäʃäŋɡʰo̞t̪iɬəʔ/ | |||
Ƹa-sa-šaŋ-ghoti-łę-ɂ | |||
= "[I] will make [myself] eat a fish (and i see it)." | |||
* Ƹa-: Direct evidential (i see it). | |||
* sa-: Future. | |||
* šaŋ: Root "eat". | |||
* ghoti: incorporated object ("fish"). | |||
* łę: Causative. | |||
* ɂ: First person. | |||
===Dependent clauses=== | |||
<!-- etc. etc. --> | |||
==Numbers== | |||
Unlike most languages, vexilian uses a septenary numeral system since they have 5 fingers on each hand and 2 toes on each foot. The numbers are as follows. | |||
* 0: Xa | |||
* 1₇: Yx | |||
* 2₇: Hosf | |||
* 3₇: Łañ | |||
* 4₇: Nęn̈ꝗi | |||
* 5₇: Qeq̇ | |||
* 6₇: Kǫǫs | |||
* 10₇: Xłereq̇ | |||
* 100₇: Yuz | |||
* 1000₇: Čæn | |||
* -illion₇: -nonok' | |||
===Examples of more complex numbers=== | |||
* 13₇: Xłereq̇-ha-Łañ (ten and three) | |||
* 41₇: Nęn̈ꝗi-Xłereq̇-ha-Yx (Four tens and one) | |||
* 123₇: Yuz-Hosf-Xłereq̇-ha-Łañ (Hundred two tens and three) | |||
==Example texts== | |||
<!-- An example of a translated or unique text written in your language. Again, it is recommended that you make sure that the phonology, constraints, phonotactics and grammar are more or less finished before writing. --> | |||
==Other resources== | |||
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --> | |||
<!-- Template area --> | |||
[[Category:Vexilian]] | |||
[[Category:Languages]] | |||
[[Category:Conlangs]] | |||
[[Category:Scripts]] | |||