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| [[Ngiwrith/Lexicon]]
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| | '''Knench''' /nɛnt͡ʃ/ (natively ''Fithid'' /ˈfi{{long}}t{{asp}}ɪð/ or ''losůnaz Fithi'') is a divergent descendant of Canaanite spoken in Lõis Great Britain. It does not lose Semitic triconsonantal morphology, but it loses older Semitic conjugated verb forms in favor of constructions using the infinitive construct. Knench is the second largest Irta British minority language after Welsh, in fact its syntax is similar to Colloquial Welsh. |
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| [[Ngiwrith/Swadesh list]]
| | Move to Spain? |
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| | Revamp prosody to a more Welshy one |
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| {{Infobox language
| | Make Ancient Knench stage a bit more like Togarmite and less Hebrew |
| |creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]]
| | * ''dobor'' [ˈðoːvʌɾ] "(literary) a thing" |
| |name = {{PAGENAME}}
| | * ''doboraz'' [ðʌˈvoːɾaz] "the thing" |
| |image =
| | * ''deberi'' [ðɛˈveːɾi] "things" (affection; plural -īm -> -i) |
| |setting = [[User:IlL/Lõis|Lõis]]
| | * ''deberimel'' [ðɛvɛˈɾiːmɛl] "the things" |
| |nativename = Knánith
| | * ''qhymůr'' [ˈqʰəmʉɾ] "donkey" |
| |pronunciation = /knaːniθ/
| | * ''jůno'' [ˈjyːnʌ] "a pigeon" |
| |region =
| | * ''jůnozů'' [jʉˈnoːzʉ] "the pigeon" |
| |states =
| | * ''jůnůd'' [ˈjyːnʉð] "pigeons" (Hebrew has yōnīm but let's use the f. pl. ending) |
| |speakers =
| | * ''jůnůdel'' [jʉˈnyːðɛl] "the pigeons" |
| |date =
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| |familycolor=afroasiatic
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| |fam1=Afro-Asiatic
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| |fam2=Semitic
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| |fam3=Central Semitic
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| |fam4=North Semitic
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| }}
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| '''Knánith''' is a divergent descendant of Biblical Hebrew; its grammar is inspired by Welsh. (todo: less Rabbinical Hebrew) | | == Phonology == |
| | Knench phonology is complex, with underlying phonemes resulting in multiple phones depending on the phonetic environment (most importantly, stressed versus unstressed syllables; prevocalic or non-prevocalic for certain laryngeals) |
| | === Vowels === |
| | '''a e y i o u ů''' /a~aː ɛ~eː ə~ɨː ɪ~iː ʌ~o̝ː ʊ~u̟ː ʉ~yː/ |
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| Numbers:
| | === Consonants === |
| 0-10: afs, ódh (m)/áth (f), hnay, hlusz, arbøng, homisz, szesz, szew, hmun, teszang, ngaxør
| | {| class="wikitable " style="width: 700px; text-align: center;" |
| | | |+'''Knench consonants''' |
| 11-20: ódh/áth ngaxør, hnay ngaxør, hlusz ngaxør, arbøng ngaxør, homisz ngaxør, szesz ngaxør, szew ngaxør, hmun ngaxør, teszaŋ ngaxør, ngaxre
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| 40: stay ngaxre
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| 60: hlusz ngaxre
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| ...
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| 120: merkø
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| 14400: rúø
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| before: kkorm
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| <!--
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| This is a short reminder of the language format policy.
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| I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).
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| II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)
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| III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.
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| -->
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| ==Introduction==
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| *Swadesh list
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| *''bel-, ble-'' is a common prefix (conflation of ben- and ba3al-)
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| *''Ni bø løhabiw ngiwrith, khozuth ni bø lødhabir akh ttipøth ngiwrith.''
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| **I like Hebrew, but I only know a little Hebrew.
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| *''tiwdith'' = [[Thedish]]
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| *''Am yagį li...'' = May I...
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| *''szą sze...'' = when...
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| *Many adverbs are from infinitive absolute
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| *''likkori'' = to die (lit. be called)
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| *''midhborø'' = conference
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| *נא becomes a focus particle ''no''
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| ==Phonology==
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| ===Orthography===
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| ===Consonants=== | |
| /m pʰ b f v w n tʰ t˭ d θ ð ts s z ʂ j ŋ kʰ k˭ g x h l r/ {{angbr|''m p b f v w n t tt d th dh ts s/x z sz y ng k kk g kh h l r''}}
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| Allophonic palatalization occurs before /ɛ/, /i/ or /j/. /ŋ kʰ k˭ g x/ palatalize to alveolopalatals /ɲ tɕʰ tɕ˭ dʑ ɕ/.
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| ====Mutations====
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| Words can undergo initial lenition, as in Irish and Tiberian Hebrew:
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| p- b- t- d- k- g- > f- w- th- dh- kh- Ø-
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| "Already lenited" consonants lenite as follows: f w th dh kh Ø > nf, nw, nth, ndh, nkh, n
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| ===Vowels===
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| /a ɛ i ɔ u ə a: ɛ: i: ɔ: u: ə: ã/ = {{angbr|a e i o u ø á é í ó ú ǿ ą}}
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| Word-final /i/ is silent and palatalizes the preceding consonant.
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| ===Prosody===
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| ====Stress====
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| Stress is always penultimate.
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| ====Intonation====
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| ===Phonotactics===
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| <!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
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| ===Morphophonology===
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| ==Morphology==
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| Knánith has lost the verbal inflections and triconsonantal morphology of Biblical Hebrew.
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| <!-- Here are some example subcategories:
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| Nouns
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| Adjectives
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| Verbs
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| Adverbs
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| Particles
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| Derivational morphology
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| -->
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| ===Nouns and adjectives===
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| Nouns inflect for number and definiteness. Adjectives agree with nouns in number.
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| Cretan has lost grammatical gender.
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| *The regular "feminine" singular suffix is -ø or -th.
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| *The regular "masculine" plural suffix is -in or ''-e''.
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| *The regular "feminine" plural is -uth.
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| *However, there are many irregular plurals, especially nouns derived from construct state constructions. e.g. ''benusz, blenusz'' = human
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| ''køfor, køforin'' = village, villages
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| ''bagbøg, bagbøgin'' = bottle, bottles
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| ''i, iin'' = island, islands
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| ''kkiszø, kkiszuth'' = squash, squashes
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| ''gøfø, gøfuth'' = corpse, corpses
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| ''tagrith, tagriyuth'' = incident, incidents
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| Cretan has lost grammatical gender and the construct state. The only remnant of the construct state is the -th- interfix used in possessive constructions between two nouns that end and begin with a vowel, respectively: e.g.
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| *''hadhør-mittø'' 'bedroom'
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| *''ngønove-th-anf'' 'the grapes of wrath'
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| *''nøszomø-th-ahwø'' 'spirit of brotherhood'
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| Degree markers:
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| *Suffective: ''de-'' = as X as; equally X
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| *Excessive: ''ro-'' = too (from Celtic)
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| *Comparative: ''ther-'' = more X; comparandum takes ''broth'' 'than' (from Biblical Hebrew ''*birʔōṫī ʔeṫ'' 'when I see ACC')
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| *Superlative: ''khi-'' = most X
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| ===Pronouns===
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| Knánith has an auxiliary verb system similar to Colloquial Welsh. In addition, there is a T-V distinction: the 2nd person plural ''tem'' is also used as a polite pronoun.
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| ====Auxiliaries====
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| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;"
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| |+ Various auxiliaries in Knánith | |
| ! style="width: 75px; "| → Person<br/>↓ Truth value
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| ! style="width: 75px; " | 1sg
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| ! style="width: 75px; " | 2sg.m
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| ! style="width: 75px; " | 2sg.f
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| ! style="width: 75px; " | 3sg.m
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| ! style="width: 75px; " | 3sg.f
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| ! style="width: 75px; " | 1pl.in
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| ! style="width: 75px; " | 2pl
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| ! style="width: 75px; " | 3pl
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| ! | Non-pronominal
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| |-
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| ! Affirmative
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| | ''ni, i''
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| | ''to''
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| | ''te''
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| | ''u''
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| | ''hi''
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| | ''nanu, onu, nu''
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| | ''tem''
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| | ''em''
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| | ''re, r' ''
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| |- | | |- |
| ! Interrogative | | ! colspan="2"| |
| | ''am ni, am i'' | | ! Bilabial |
| | ''am to'' | | ! Dental |
| | ''am te''
| | ! Alveolar |
| | ''am u'' | | ! Postalveolar |
| | ''am hi''
| | ! Palatal |
| | ''am nu'' | | ! Velar |
| | ''am tem'' | | ! Glottal |
| | ''am em'' | | |- align="center" |
| | ''am'' | | !Nasals |
| | !<small>plain</small> |
| | |'''m''' /m/ |
| | |colspan="2"|'''n '''/n/ |
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| |- | | |- |
| ! Negative | | ! rowspan="2"|Plosives |
| | ''en ni, en i'' | | !<small>aspirated</small> |
| | ''en to'' | | | |
| | ''en te''
| | |'''th''' /t̪ʰ/ |
| | ''en u'' | | | |
| | ''en hi'' | | | |
| | ''en nu'' | | | |
| | ''en tem'' | | |'''ch''' /kʰ/ |
| | ''en em''
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| | ''en'' | |
| |- | | |- |
| ! Past | | !<small>unaspirated</small> |
| | ''si ni, sit i, sit ni'' | | |'''p''' /p/ |
| | ''sit to'' | | |'''t''' /t̪/, '''ç''' /t̪͡s̪/ |
| | ''sit te''
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| | ''so u''
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| | ''sto hi'' | | | |
| | ''sin nu'' | | |'''c''' /k/ |
| | ''sit tem'' | | | |
| | ''su'm'' | |
| | ''so/sto/su''
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| |- | | |- |
| ! Passive present | | ! colspan="1" rowspan="2"|Fricatives |
| | ''ur ni, ur i'' | | !<small>unvoiced</small> |
| | ''tur to'' | | |'''f''' /f/ |
| | ''tri te''
| | |'''x''' /s{{den}}/ |
| | ''yur u'' | | | |
| | ''tur hi'' | | |'''s''' /ʂ/ |
| | ''nur nu''
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| | ''tru tem'' | | | colspan="2" |'''qh''' /x ~ h/ |
| | ''ru'm'' | |
| | ''yur/tur/ru''
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| |- | | |- |
| ! Passive past | | !<small>voiced</small> |
| | ''var ni, var i, vart i'' | | |'''b''' /v/ |
| | ''vart to'' | | |'''d''' /ð/, '''z''' /z{{den}}/ |
| | ''vart te''
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| | ''var u''
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| | ''vro hi'' | | | |
| | ''var nu'' | | |'''g''' /ɣ/ |
| | ''vart tem'' | | | |
| | ''vru'm'' | |
| | ''var/vro/vru''
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| ! Subjunctive | | ! colspan="2"|Trills |
| | ''ąs i'' | | | |
| | ''tąs to'' | | | |
| | ''tąs te'' | | | '''r''' /r/ |
| | ''yąs u'' | | | |
| | ''tąs hi''
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| | ''nąs nu'' | | | |
| | ''tąsu tem'' | | | |
| | ''yąsu'm'' | |
| | ''yąs/tąs/yąsu'' | |
| |- | | |- |
| ! Future | | ! colspan="2"|Laterals |
| | ''lekh i'' | | | |
| | ''tlekh to'' | | | |
| | ''tlekh te'' | | |'''l''' /l/ |
| | ''lekh u'' | | | |
| | ''tlekh hi''
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| | ''lekh nu'' | | | |
| | ''tlekhu tem'' | | | |
| | ''lekhu'm'' | |
| | ''lekh/tlekh/lekhu'' | |
| |- | | |- |
| ! "May" | | ! colspan="2"|Approximants |
| | ''kkekh i'' | | |'''w''' /w/ |
| | ''tkkekh to''
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| | ''tkkekh te'' | | | |
| | ''kkekh u'' | | | |
| | ''tkkekh hi'' | | |'''j''' /j/ |
| | ''kkekh nu'' | | |'''ɣ''' /ɰ̃/ |
| | ''tkkekhu tem''
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| | ''kkekhu'm'' | |
| | ''kkekh/tkkekh/kkekhu''
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| |} | | |} |
| | '''ḧ''' is silent. |
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| ===Prepositions=== | | === Mutation === |
| Prepositions inflect like in Welsh: for pronominal prepositional objects, usually the preposition is inflected and is followed by the independent pronoun.
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| example of a knánith inflected preposition: lø "for"
| | == Morphology == |
| *1sg: li, li ni | | === Pronouns === |
| *2sg.m: lakh to | | * 1sg: ''i'' (after consonant), ''ni'' (after vowel) |
| *2sg.f: lakh te | | * 2sg.m: ''tho''; ''-ch tho'' (after prepositions) |
| *3sg.m: lu hu, lú hu | | * 2sg.f: ''thy''; ''-ch thy'' (after prepositions) |
| *3sg.f: lo hi, loy hi | | * 3sg.m: ''u'' |
| *1pl. lon nu, lonu | | * 3sg.f: ''oj'' (< -o/-oh/-ho + ḧi) |
| *2pl. lém tem | | * 1pl: ''nu'' |
| *3pl. lam em | | * 2pl: ''thym''; ''-chym thym, -ch thym'' (after prepositions) |
| | * 3pl: <i>'m</i> |
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| ==Syntax== | | === Verbs === |
| ===Constituent order=== | | The lexical verb is usually in the infinitive form in Knench: |
| The order is tense-subject-verb-object. | |
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| :'''''R'iszaz bø lékhul tapuhaz.''''' | | : ''Ry ni byl chilth laqham.'' (PRES 1SG PROG eat bread) 'I eat/am eating bread.' |
| :''The man is eating the apple.'' | | : ''Ry ni by chilth i tha laqham.'' (PRES 1SG PROG eat 1SG FA bread) '(archaic) I eat/am eating bread.' |
| | : ''Chilth laqhmaz!'' 'Eat the bread! (both sg and pl)' |
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| :'''''Re beth-u bø dhe-rul kø liyothøn.'''''
| | Knench verbs can be from inherited infinitive construct forms (the binyanim are fɣul, yfeɣyl, ythfeɣyl, feɣyl, efɣyl, ysthefɣyl) or from noun patterns. |
| :''His house is as big as a whale.''
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| :'''''Sto hi lásuth halgbeth-i bø muødh múhør.'''''
| | ==Sample texts==<!-- |
| :''She did her homework very late.''
| | === Schleicher === |
| | ''Yn kavš w' yn frasi'' |
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| ===Noun phrase===
| | ''Kavš ly žė lė fė žamry ly jar frasi: hað γor maȝrevt šgul, hað mol hemly kvur, wy hað mol vennės vy fiz. Yn kavš mar: "Mrur li yn lev, oryn nėk wyrė vennės wyrkav frasi." Yn frasi mar: "Ažen, kavš! Mrur lanė yn lev oryn nan wyrė žinė: vennės, ym vol, woši lið afau mylvast mum me žamry lyn kavš. Wy lėš lyn kavš it žamry." Oryn yn kavš smaȝ žinė, hu mnaȝ lið yn šðe.'' |
| The definite article is a clitic:
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| *Singular: -az (after C) or -zu (after V)
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| *Plural: -il
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| Examples:
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| *''hadhør'' = a room
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| *''hadhraz'' = the room
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| *''hadhri'' = rooms
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| *''hadhril'' = the rooms
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| *''hadhør grul'' = a big room
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| *''hadhør grulaz'' = the big room (< ''hah-hadhər hag-gâdhol haz-ze'')
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| *''botin grulin'' = big houses
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| *''botin grulil'' = the big houses
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| *''tøpuaz r' iszaz bø lékhul u'' = The apple, the man eats it
| | Old Tog.: |
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| There is no construct state, unlike in Biblical Hebrew. Genitives are expressed with concatenation: ''szem-malkaz'' = the king's name.
| | ''An xabše wan φarasīn'' |
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| To say "this X" or "that X", ''X-az fu'' and ''X-az szom'' (lit. "the X here" and "the X there") are used. To say "this" and "that", you say ''ze fu'' and ''ze szom'' (where the ''ze'' becomes ''ilø'' in the plural).
| | ''Χabše, žė lė hawė čamre lawh, φarasīn yarʔe: yagōr ʔaħād marχabaθ šakūlaθ, wa-yaħmōl ʔaħād ħemle χabūr, wa-yaħmōl ʔaħād ħaφīzan ʔinės. Yāmār an χabše: Mār lī an lēb, bi-riʔėθī ʔinės rėχib φarasīn. Yāmārū an φarasīn: Sumaʕ an χabše! Mār lanė an lēb bi-riʔėθinė žīnė: ʔinės an baʕle yaʕšē lawh malbasaθ ħamūmaθ mēn čamre an χabšīn. Wa-lėš len-χabše čamre. Bi-šimėʕ an χabše žīnė, yamnāȝ ʔilė an šadi.'' |
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| The abstract demonstrative is ''zuth''.
| | Hebrew: |
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| ===Verb phrase===
| | {{rtl|הכבש והסוסים}} |
| ''Isz li rangu'' "I'm hungry"
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| ===Sentence phrase===
| | {{rtl|כבש שלא היה לו צמר ראה סוסים: אחד גרר עגלה כבדה, אחד נשא עומס גדול, ואחד נשא בן אדם וזז מהר. אמר הכבש: "כואב לי לראות איך בן אדם רוכב סוסים." אמרו הסוסים: "הקשב, כבש, כואב לנו לראות זאת: בן אדם, האדון, עושה לעצמו בגד חמים מצמרו של הכבש. ולכבש אין צמר." לאחר ששמע זאת, ברח הכבש לתוך המישור.}} |
| ===Dependent clauses===
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| <!-- etc. etc. -->
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| ==Vocabulary== | | ===Lysėn Tėrmi, lysėn tlul=== |
| Construct state combinations grammaticalize
| | * ''Hað arž, rav arži; hað γalt, rav γalti!'' |
| | * ''Jaumyn nėk wyktav, amsyn nėk yktøv; jaumyn nėk wydȝam, amsyn nėk ydȝøm! '' |
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| *bel, ble- = agentive
| | ===A biology abstract=== |
| *beth- = place noun
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| ==Example texts==
| | ''Nan wymðøð yn tyγlim efgarjodeg metycrer lyn irišt TSP3 in ''Vruchorjon sbonerču''. TSP3 wygaðeg ginas nahelan rėkes ly brødezenjon, mygėma vym migrosbørelada gødognėji lyn rivosøm bosadeðeg, wy kahus ly TSP3 rahivyn ma'man ly fėt ym mojan ly garčin gøvothrødeg. In tyktøvt žinė nan wystyðrek wyngad tyvhin kyli-ȝywur Rɪᴄᴇʀ-Jᴀʟɪɴꜱᴋɪ, žė rykės TSP3 lið yn ȝakuvan følochrøpsenas wygrė (p = 0.04) nyn øbodreløma ly gød ''Vrukorjon'' slim møran ety'yfusi aðenodoksen nyhut. Ly tymacu žinė vė fėt ramuzi mø'avjunė lið yn ðrės ly ðesglørøma sømvrøchi.'' |
| ===UDHR, Article 1===
| |
| :'''''Vru kol blenuszil ledhø kø vlehuri, hem szowi ngal kúdhaz ke skhøyuthil. Vru'm lehánig bø thvønø ke matspøn, ke re ngalem lithnágh ódh lø hni bø nøszomø-th-ahwø.'''''
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| :''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act toward one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''
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| ===Tower of Babel===
| | We measure the nucleating eukaryotic folding of the TSP3 gene in ''Bruchorium sponercii''. TSP3 encodes a protezine-binding receptor kinase located at the cytotubular microsporellata of the quanticular ribosome, and malfunction of TSP3 is commonly believed to be the source of cybothrotic cancer. In this paper we prove using a Rɪᴇᴛᴢᴇʀ-Yᴀʟɪɴꜱᴋʏ double-blind test that TSP3 binding to the phyllochrypsinase inhibitor occurs (p = 0.04) in the hypotrellome of a healthy ''Bruchorium'' cell when adenotoxin concentrations are low. This research will have significant implications for the study of symbrychous descloroma. |
| # ''Bø khol ngulømaz sto áth sofø bø vur lødhabir ke su uthøm miluthil bø vur lisztamisz.''
| | --> |
| # ''Wini ksze su'm bø losangøth me mizroh, su'm litakkil bø miszuraz Szinngor ke lithyaszew szom.''
| | ===Newton's laws of motion=== |
| # ''Ke su'm lemur: "Enø, butonu ląsuth lwenuth ke léfuth em ettew." Ke su lwenuthil løszamisz lom em kø awnevniyø, ke hemør kø mald.''
| | ''I: Ry gif byl sbuth by dymi, ylů by qhufuz bal-mystheny, chim força b acço ɣaj u.'' |
| # ''Ke su'm lemur: "Enø, butonu lewnuth kkiriø ke mídøl bo hi, yąs ruszu u lagią le szomayim, ki nąs nu ląsuth lonu szem, ke klu nąs nu lithpazir pli kol ngulømaz!"''
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| # ''Wini so Eluim lowu mattø, ki yąs u láwid bø kkiriøzu ke mídølaz sze yu blenuszil bø lewnuth.''
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| # ''Ke so Eluim lemur: "Szą sze su'm hátholø ląsuth zuth kø ódh ngom sze bø lødhabir áth sofø, lu yiye szum mikhszul lø múmø sze yąsu'm lithkawin ląsuth!''
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| # ''"Enø, bu tonu lalakht mattø ke løwalbil sofø-th-em, klu yąsu'm láwin szuthif."''
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| # ''Kokh so Eluim løfazir em, ke su'm ládul lewnuth kkiriøzu.''
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| # ''Ke min sibøzu fu sze kkiriøzu bø lakko szemaz "Bovil" -- szom so Eluim løwalbil sofø kol ngulømaz. Me szom so Eluim løfazir em pli kol ngulømaz.''
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| ===Schleicher's Fable===
| | I: An object stays at rest, or at a constant speed, unless a force acts on it. |
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| | ''II: Ry senůdaz ly momentaz ly gif by mathcini lid forçazů by ɣbur feçyr ɣaj gifaz; u ry senůdaz by crůd darchom cůaz thecin as forçazů by ɣbur feçyr ɣaj u.'' |
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| | II: The change in the momentum of a body is proportional to the force applied to the body; and the change occurs along the straight line on which that force is applied. |
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| | ''III: Jys ly chul acço tha reacço sowo u nyh{{umlaut}}focho.'' |
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| | III: Every action has an equal and opposite reaction. |
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| | ===O how quickly the sculpture of life=== |
| | <poem> |
| | ''O! Kma fizit ym myglaȝ ly heiwėt'' |
| | ''Šaver in demaša zydarder!'' |
| | ''Ym mγilut lym malk ȝlėn trøn lau'' |
| | ''Vė klilit γruf ðak vy γali jam.'' |
| | ''Atøm, žė watė mancavta hė,'' |
| | ''Ȝavry hen yn Ylėh lawani ȝlėn arž.'' |
| | ''Køl lanė møðawan ȝal ym barkisi lanė;'' |
| | ''Hamnė wyhėv lið yn ȝni, w' aγatheržijėt lið hajðuð.'' |
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| | O how quickly the sculpture of life |
| | Shattered into tiny fragments! |
| | The splendor of the king on his throne |
| | Is completely swept away by sea-waves. |
| | Ye who come hither stationed here, |
| | By the grace of God ye are guests on earth. |
| | All of us are judged according to our actions; |
| | Let us give to the needy, and do charity towards one another. |
| | </poem> |
| | |
| | ===Warming Up To You=== |
| | <poem> |
| | '''Wetyhmem liðak''' |
| | Kenak at vė mėt in klėt, |
| | Nėk wyrtyvec nym mimut lak, |
| | Ym mimut žė azė'en yn hagranut, |
| | Yn ȝyli lyn jeðȝy; |
| | Yn γant žė lak stul in žinė ryvuȝ aðmyt |
| | Wy žė at vė nyžėr lið ðėr wy ðėr. |
| | </poem> |
| | |
| | ===Stairway To Heaven=== |
| | <poem> |
| | '''Maȝlyt lið yn Symeinit''' |
| | Iš volt žė hi šur |
| | Køl žė nėher že žahav |
| | Wy hi wyzvan maȝlyt lið yn symeinit |
| | </poem> |
| | |
| | ===UDHR=== |
| | ''Køl nės mewølað rur w' is in akšobrebja wy žykawi. Høm møtyhanan by ložegi wy syniðisi wy høvu barkus lið hajðuð vyn ruh l'ahwut.'' |
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| [[Category:Languages]] | | [[Category:Languages]] |
| [[Category:Lõis]]
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| [[Category:Semitic languages]] | | [[Category:Semitic languages]] |