Skylandic: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox language | {{Infobox language | ||
| boxsize = 26em | | boxsize = 26em | ||
| image = SKL Flag.png | |||
| imagesize = 250px | |||
| imagecaption = The flag of Skyland | |||
| name = Skylandic | | name = Skylandic | ||
| altname = Himmeldeutsch, Ciellandais | | altname = Himmeldeutsch, Ciellandais | ||
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Skylandic is an '''a posteriori''' language with its vocabularily mostly based on Proto-Germanic and its phonology and orthography based on French. One can say that it explores the question of "How German would look like if it evolved like French?" | Skylandic is an '''a posteriori''' language with its vocabularily mostly based on Proto-Germanic and its phonology and orthography based on French. One can say that it explores the question of "How German would look like if it evolved like French?" | ||
It is also a ''tripartite'' or ERG-ACC language — meaning, it marks the subject of an intransitive verb, the agent and the patient of a transitive verb all differently. | It is also a '''tripartite''' or ERG-ACC language — meaning, it marks the subject of an intransitive verb, the agent and the patient of a transitive verb all differently. | ||
It is inspired by the minority languages like Dungan (a Sinitic language written using the Cyrillic script) and Vilamovian (a Germanic language spelled using the Polish alphabet), and the conlang Venedic (a Romance language evolved to be like Polish). | It is inspired by the minority languages like Dungan (a Sinitic language written using the Cyrillic script) and Vilamovian (a Germanic language spelled using the Polish alphabet), and the conlang Venedic (a Romance language evolved to be like Polish). | ||
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'''5.''' Some nouns are just plain irregular. | '''5.''' Some nouns are just plain irregular. | ||
[[File: | [[File:SKLnoun5.png|350px|frameless|none]] | ||
== Pronouns == | == Pronouns == | ||
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'''Strong verbs''' are verbs that conjugate by changing their stem vowel alongside annexing a conjugation suffix. This kind of vowel change is usually called '''''ablaut''''' and in this case it's a PIE or '''Proto-Indo-European ablaut'''. But unlike its IRL relatives, Skylandic doesn't classify strong verbs based on its etymological root's spelling, but on the verbs' current spelling themselves. Also, instead of having all seven classes, Skylandic now only has five (5) strong verb classes.<br><br> | '''Strong verbs''' are verbs that conjugate by changing their stem vowel alongside annexing a conjugation suffix. This kind of vowel change is usually called '''''ablaut''''' and in this case it's a PIE or '''Proto-Indo-European ablaut'''. But unlike its IRL relatives, Skylandic doesn't classify strong verbs based on its etymological root's spelling, but on the verbs' current spelling themselves. Also, instead of having all seven classes, Skylandic now only has five (5) strong verb classes.<br><br> | ||
'''Class 1.''' These are verbs that contain the stem vowel '''- | '''Class 1.''' These are verbs that contain the stem vowel '''-ui-''' [ɥi]. Most of these verbs evolved from PGmc verbs that has the stem vowel *ī. This stem vowel evolution is unique to Skylandic. Their vowel changes are as follows. | ||
[[File:Class 1.png|frameless|none]] | [[File:Class 1.png|350px|frameless|none]] | ||
'''Class 2.''' These are verbs that contain the stem vowel digraph '''-eu-''' [ø]. These verbs evolved from PGmc verbs that have the diphthong *eu or an *au that has undergone an umlaut. | '''Class 2.''' These are verbs that contain the stem vowel digraph '''-eu-''' [ø]. These verbs evolved from PGmc verbs that have the diphthong *eu or an *au that has undergone an umlaut. | ||
[[File:Class 2.png|frameless|none]] | [[File:Class 2.png|350px|frameless|none]] | ||
'''Class 3.''' These are verbs that contain the stem vowel '''-e-''' or '''-i-''' followed by a consonant cluster or a double consonant. Sometimes, these consonant clusters are reduced to a single consonant and their previous presence is now just signaled by a circumplex diacritic (ê î) before the remaining consonant of the stem. This diacritic is carried onto the verb's conjugations.<br> | '''Class 3.''' These are verbs that contain the stem vowel '''-e-''' or '''-i-''' followed by a consonant cluster or a double consonant. Sometimes, these consonant clusters are reduced to a single consonant and their previous presence is now just signaled by a circumplex diacritic (ê î) before the remaining consonant of the stem. This diacritic is carried onto the verb's conjugations.<br> | ||
[[File:Class 3a.png|frameless|none]] | [[File:Class 3a.png|350px|frameless|none]] | ||
[[File: | [[File:Class_3b.png|350px|frameless|none]] | ||
'''Class 4.''' These are verbs that contain the stem vowel '''- | '''Class 4.''' These are verbs that contain the stem vowel '''-ie-''' [je] followed by any of the four sonorants (''l, m, n,'' or ''r'') and no other consonants. Geminated sonorants aren't included. | ||
[[File:Class 4.png|frameless|none]] | [[File:Class 4.png|350px|frameless|none]] | ||
NOTE — The « '''-oi-''' » stem vowel of the IMPF.SJV form is from PGmc *-ē-. | |||
'''Class 5.''' The last of the five classes of Skylandic strong verbs. These are verbs that contain the stem vowel '''-e-''' followed by a lone non-sonorant consonant. | '''Class 5.''' The last of the five classes of Skylandic strong verbs. These are verbs that contain the stem vowel '''-e-''' followed by a lone non-sonorant consonant. | ||
[[File:Class 5.png|frameless|none]] | [[File:Class 5.png|frameless|none]] | ||
The « '''-ine''' » suffix of the IMPF.SJV is a remnant of PGmc PAST.SJV.3PL suffix -īn. | |||
=== Weak Verbs === | === Weak Verbs === | ||