640
edits
(Changed "focus" to "dependent") |
|||
Line 9: | Line 9: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sõwdla || | | sõwdla || kùevòelùun | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sɔudɮa || | | sɔudɮa || kɨʱɥɘʱluːɴʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| soldier.ABS || die | | soldier.ABS || die | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 21: | Line 21: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | kùevòelùun || sõwdla | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | kɨʱɥɘʱluːɴʱ || sɔudɮa | ||
|- | |- | ||
| die | | die || soldier.ABS | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 39: | Line 39: | ||
| sɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ | | sɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| soldier-ERG || hunt | | soldier-ERG || hunt || frog.ABS | ||
|} | |} | ||
A soldier is hunting frogs. | A soldier is hunting frogs. | ||
Line 53: | Line 53: | ||
| wɨʱʁuʱ || sɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁaikɨʱ | | wɨʱʁuʱ || sɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁaikɨʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| frog.ABS || soldier-ERG || hunt | | frog.ABS || soldier-ERG || hunt | ||
|} | |} | ||
The frogs are being hunted by a soldier. | The frogs are being hunted by a soldier. | ||
Line 67: | Line 67: | ||
| sɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ | | sɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| soldier.ABS || hunt | | soldier.ABS || hunt || frog.ABS | ||
|} | |} | ||
The soldier is hunting frogs. | The soldier is hunting frogs. | ||
Line 83: | Line 83: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sõwdla || | | sõwdla || ameraykùe || wawùerù | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁ&# | | sɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || wawɨʱʁuʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| soldier.ABS || hunt | | soldier.ABS || hunt || TPCPOSS-frog.ABS | ||
|} | |} | ||
The soldier is hunting his frogs (i.e. the ones that the soldier owns). | The soldier is hunting his frogs (i.e. the ones that the soldier owns). | ||
Line 94: | Line 94: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sõwdla || | | sõwdla || ameraykùe || siwùerù | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁ&# | | sɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || siwɨʱʁuʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| soldier.ABS || hunt | | soldier.ABS || hunt || 3POSS-frog.ABS | ||
|} | |} | ||
The soldier is hunting his / her frogs (that someone else other than the soldier owns). | The soldier is hunting his / her frogs (that someone else other than the soldier owns). | ||
Line 115: | Line 115: | ||
| sɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || wawɨʱʁuʱ | | sɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || wawɨʱʁuʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| soldier-ERG || hunt | | soldier-ERG || hunt || TPCPOSS-frog.ABS | ||
|} | |} | ||
A soldier is hunting his / her frogs (not belonging to the soldier, but to whoever / whatever has been taken up as a topic previously). | A soldier is hunting his / her frogs (not belonging to the soldier, but to whoever / whatever has been taken up as a topic previously). | ||
Line 126: | Line 126: | ||
| sɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || siwɨʱʁuʱ | | sɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || siwɨʱʁuʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| soldier-ERG || hunt | | soldier-ERG || hunt || 3POSS-frog.ABS | ||
|} | |} | ||
A soldier is hunting his / her frogs (This sentence is ambiguous, but most likely the frogs belong to the soldier, and definitely not to whoever / whatever has been taken up as a topic previously). | A soldier is hunting his / her frogs (This sentence is ambiguous, but most likely the frogs belong to the soldier, and definitely not to whoever / whatever has been taken up as a topic previously). | ||
Line 136: | Line 136: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sáeynátqlóey || waesõwdlan || | | sáeynátqlóey || waesõwdlan || ameraykùe | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sɛiˤnaˤtʼɬɘiˤ || wɛsɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁ&# | | sɛiˤnaˤtʼɬɘiˤ || wɛsɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁaikɨʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| general.ABS || TPCPOSS-soldier-ERG || hunt | | general.ABS || TPCPOSS-soldier-ERG || hunt | ||
|} | |} | ||
The general is being hunted by his (own) soldiers. | The general is being hunted by his (own) soldiers. | ||
Line 147: | Line 147: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sáeynátqlóey || suesõwdlan || | | sáeynátqlóey || suesõwdlan || ameraykùe | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sɛiˤnaˤtʼɬɘiˤ || sɨsɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁ&# | | sɛiˤnaˤtʼɬɘiˤ || sɨsɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁaikɨʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| general.ABS || 3POSS-soldier-ERG || hunt | | general.ABS || 3POSS-soldier-ERG || hunt | ||
|} | |} | ||
The general is being hunted by his / her soldiers (not his own). | The general is being hunted by his / her soldiers (not his own). | ||
Line 163: | Line 163: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| byaenka || | | byaenka || damasùe || sõwdla || wáetow || kan-gukùe || wabiraza | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bʲɛɴka || | | bʲɛɴka || damasɨʱ || sɔudɮa || wɛʔtou || kaɴgukɨʱ || wabiʁaza | ||
|- | |- | ||
| banker.ABS || swindle | | banker.ABS || swindle || soldier.ABS || occur during || be a prisoner || TPCPOSS-brother | ||
|} | |} | ||
The banker swindled the soldier while his brother was in prison (the soldier's brother). | The banker swindled the soldier while his brother was in prison (the soldier's brother). | ||
Line 177: | Line 177: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| byaenka || | | byaenka || damasùe || sõwdla || wáetow || kan-gukùe || sibiraza | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bʲɛɴka || | | bʲɛɴka || damasɨʱ || sɔudɮa || wɛʔtou || kaɴgukɨʱ || sibiʁaza | ||
|- | |- | ||
| banker.ABS || swindle | | banker.ABS || swindle || soldier.ABS || occur during || be a prisoner || 3POSS-brother | ||
|} | |} | ||
The banker swindled the soldier while his brother was in prison. | The banker swindled the soldier while his brother was in prison. | ||
Line 199: | Line 199: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sõwdla || | | sõwdla || byowkùe || kùevòelùun | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sɔudɮa || bʲ | | sɔudɮa || bʲoukɨʱ || kɨʱɥɘʱluːɴʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| soldier.ABS || sick | | soldier.ABS || sick || die | ||
|} | |} | ||
The soldier got sick and died. | The soldier got sick and died. | ||
Line 213: | Line 213: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | byowkùe || sõwdla || kùevòelùun | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bʲ | | bʲoukɨʱ || sɔudɮa || kɨʱɥɘʱluːɴʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sick | | sick || soldier.ABS || die | ||
|} | |} | ||
The soldier got sick and died. | The soldier got sick and died. | ||
Line 227: | Line 227: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sõwdla || | | sõwdla || byowkùe|| sàonkùesòe || kùevòelùun | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sɔudɮa || bʲ | | sɔudɮa || bʲoukɨʱ || sɜʱɴkɨʱsɘʱ || kɨʱɥɘʱluːɴʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| soldier.ABS || sick | | soldier.ABS || sick|| bleed || die | ||
|} | |} | ||
The soldier got sick, bled, and died. | The soldier got sick, bled, and died. | ||
Line 243: | Line 243: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sõwdlan || kiràomùesòe || wùerù || | | sõwdlan || kiràomùesòe || wùerù || kùevòelùun | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sɔudɮaɴ || kiʁɜʱmɨʱsɘʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ || | | sɔudɮaɴ || kiʁɜʱmɨʱsɘʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ || kɨʱɥɘʱluːɴʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| soldier-ERG || bite | | soldier-ERG || bite || frog.ABS || die | ||
|} | |} | ||
A soldier bit a frog and it died. | A soldier bit a frog and it died. | ||
Line 256: | Line 256: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sõwdla || kiràomùesòe || wùerù || | | sõwdla || kiràomùesòe || wùerù || kùevòelùun | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sɔudɮa || kiʁɜʱmɨʱsɘʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ || | | sɔudɮa || kiʁɜʱmɨʱsɘʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ || kɨʱɥɘʱluːɴʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| soldier.ABS || bite | | soldier.ABS || bite || frog.ABS || die | ||
|} | |} | ||
The soldier bit a frog and it died. | The soldier bit a frog and it died. | ||
Line 270: | Line 270: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| wùerù || sõwdlan || kiràomùesòe || | | wùerù || sõwdlan || kiràomùesòe || kùevòelùun | ||
|- | |- | ||
| wɨʱʁuʱ || sɔudɮaɴ || kiʁɜʱmɨʱsɘʱ || | | wɨʱʁuʱ || sɔudɮaɴ || kiʁɜʱmɨʱsɘʱ || kɨʱɥɘʱluːɴʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| frog.ABS || soldier-ERG || bite | | frog.ABS || soldier-ERG || bite || die | ||
|} | |} | ||
The frog was bitten by a soldier and (it) died. | The frog was bitten by a soldier and (it) died. | ||
Line 285: | Line 285: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sõwdla || | | sõwdla || kutiràomùesòe || kùevòelùun | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sɔudɮa || &# | | sɔudɮa || kutiʁɜʱmɨʱsɘʱ || kɨʱɥɘʱluːɴʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| soldier.ABS || <PFV.AP>bite | | soldier.ABS || <PFV.AP>bite || die | ||
|} | |} | ||
The soldier bit it and died. | The soldier bit it and died. | ||
Line 300: | Line 300: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | kutiràomùesòe || sõwdla || wùerùgin || `nyùe || kùevòelùun | ||
|- | |- | ||
| &# | | kutiʁɜʱmɨʱsɘʱ || sɔudɮa || wɨʱʁuʱgiɴ || ʱʱɲɨʱ || kɨʱɥɘʱluːɴʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <PFV.AP>bite | | <PFV.AP>bite || soldier.ABS || frog-ERG || OBL || die | ||
|} | |} | ||
A soldier bit a frog and died. | A soldier bit a frog and died. | ||
Line 314: | Line 314: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sõwdla || | | sõwdla || kutiràomùesòe || wùerùgin || `nyùe || kùevòelùun | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sɔudɮa || | | sɔudɮa || kutiʁɜʱmɨʱsɘʱ || wɨʱʁuʱgiɴ || ʱɲɨʱ || kɨʱɥɘʱluːɴʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| soldier.ABS || <PFV.AP>bite | | soldier.ABS || <PFV.AP>bite || frog-ERG || OBL || die | ||
|} | |} | ||
The soldier bit a frog and died. | The soldier bit a frog and died. | ||
Line 328: | Line 328: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| wùerùgin || `nyùe || sõwdla || | | wùerùgin || `nyùe || sõwdla || kutiràomùesòe || kùevòelùun | ||
|- | |- | ||
| wɨʱʁuʱgiɴ || ʱɲɨʱ || sɔudɮa || | | wɨʱʁuʱgiɴ || ʱɲɨʱ || sɔudɮa || kutiʁɜʱmɨʱsɘʱ || kɨʱɥɘʱluːɴʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| frog-ERG || OBL || soldier.ABS || <PFV.AP>bite | | frog-ERG || OBL || soldier.ABS || <PFV.AP>bite || die | ||
|} | |} | ||
The soldier bit a frog and died. (ungrammatical) | The soldier bit a frog and died. (ungrammatical) | ||
Line 344: | Line 344: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | wuebyowkùe || wikùevòelùun | ||
|- | |- | ||
| wɨbʲ | | wɨbʲoukɨʱi || wikɨʱɥɘʱluːɴʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 1PS.INC.SUBJ.FUT-sick | | 1PS.INC.SUBJ.FUT-sick || 1PS.INC.SUBJ.FUT-die | ||
|} | |} | ||
We (including you) will get sick and die. | We (including you) will get sick and die. | ||
Line 358: | Line 358: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| wuekiràomùe || wùerù || | | wuekiràomùe || wùerù || wikùevòelùun | ||
|- | |- | ||
| wɨkiʁɜʱmɨʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ || wɨ | | wɨkiʁɜʱmɨʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ || wɨkɨʱɥɘʱluːɴʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 1PS.INC.SUBJ.FUT- bite | | 1PS.INC.SUBJ.FUT- bite || frog.ABS || 1PS.INC.SUBJ.FUT-die | ||
|} | |} | ||
We (including you) will bite a frog and die. | We (including you) will bite a frog and die. | ||
Line 372: | Line 372: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| wuekiràomùe || wùerù || | | wuekiràomùe || wùerù || kùevòelùun | ||
|- | |- | ||
| wɨkiʁɜʱmɨʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ || | | wɨkiʁɜʱmɨʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ || kɨʱɥɘʱluːɴʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 1PS.INC.SUBJ.FUT- bite | | 1PS.INC.SUBJ.FUT- bite || frog.ABS || 1PS.INC.SUBJ.FUT-die | ||
|} | |} | ||
We (including you) will bite a frog and it will die. | We (including you) will bite a frog and it will die. | ||
Line 391: | Line 391: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| wùerù || | | wùerù || kùevòelùun | ||
|- | |- | ||
| wɨʱʁuʱ || | | wɨʱʁuʱ || kɨʱɥɘʱluːɴʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| frog.ABS || die | | frog.ABS || die | ||
|} | |} | ||
The frog, which died. | The frog, which died. | ||
Line 406: | Line 406: | ||
| wɨʱʁuʱ || sɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁaikɨʱ | | wɨʱʁuʱ || sɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁaikɨʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| frog.ABS || soldier-ERG || hunt | | frog.ABS || soldier-ERG || hunt | ||
|} | |} | ||
The frogs the soldier hunted. | The frogs the soldier hunted. | ||
Line 420: | Line 420: | ||
| sɔudɮaɴ || ʔutameʁaikɨʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ || ʱɲɨʱ | | sɔudɮaɴ || ʔutameʁaikɨʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ || ʱɲɨʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| soldier.ABS || <PFV.AP>hunt | | soldier.ABS || <PFV.AP>hunt || frog.ABS || OBL | ||
|} | |} | ||
The soldier that hunted frogs. | The soldier that hunted frogs. | ||
Line 434: | Line 434: | ||
| sɔudɮaɴ || ʔutameʁaikɨʱ | | sɔudɮaɴ || ʔutameʁaikɨʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| soldier.ABS || <PFV.AP>hunt | | soldier.ABS || <PFV.AP>hunt | ||
|} | |} | ||
The soldier that hunted. | The soldier that hunted. | ||
Line 454: | Line 454: | ||
| sɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ | | sɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| soldier-ERG || hunt | | soldier-ERG || hunt || frog.ABS | ||
|} | |} | ||
Soldiers are hunting frogs. | Soldiers are hunting frogs. | ||
Line 465: | Line 465: | ||
| sɔudɮaɴ || nɔ || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ | | sɔudɮaɴ || nɔ || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| soldier-ERG || NEG.GEN || hunt | | soldier-ERG || NEG.GEN || hunt || frog.ABS | ||
|} | |} | ||
Soldiers aren't hunting frogs. | Soldiers aren't hunting frogs. | ||
Line 493: | Line 479: | ||
| nɔ || sɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ | | nɔ || sɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| NEG.GEN || soldier-ERG || hunt | | NEG.GEN || soldier-ERG || hunt || frog.ABS | ||
|} | |} | ||
''Soldiers'' aren't hunting frogs (but someone else is). | ''Soldiers'' aren't hunting frogs (but someone else is). | ||
Line 504: | Line 490: | ||
| sɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || nɔ || wɨʱʁuʱ | | sɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || nɔ || wɨʱʁuʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| soldier-ERG || hunt | | soldier-ERG || hunt || NEG.GEN || frog.ABS | ||
|} | |} | ||
Soldiers aren't hunting ''frogs'' (but they are hunting something else). | Soldiers aren't hunting ''frogs'' (but they are hunting something else). | ||
Line 521: | Line 504: | ||
| nɔ || sɔudɮa || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ | | nɔ || sɔudɮa || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| NEG.GEN || soldier.ABS || hunt | | NEG.GEN || soldier.ABS || hunt || frog.ABS | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 527: | Line 510: | ||
====The Particle nay /nai/ (Specific Negation)==== | ====The Particle nay /nai/ (Specific Negation)==== | ||
This is always placed after a verb | This is always placed after a verb. It is used for negation with emphasis on the verb e.g. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sõwdla || | | sõwdla || ameraykùe || nay || wùerù | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sɔudɮa || ʔameʁ&# | | sɔudɮa || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || nai || wɨʱʁuʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| soldier.ABS || hunt | | soldier.ABS || hunt || NEG.SPFC|| frog.ABS | ||
|} | |} | ||
Soldiers aren't ''hunting'' frogs (but they are doing something else to them). | Soldiers aren't ''hunting'' frogs (but they are doing something else to them). | ||
Line 546: | Line 529: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| wùerù || | | wùerù || kùevòelùun || `ròedù | ||
|- | |- | ||
| wɨʱʁuʱ || | | wɨʱʁuʱ || kɨʱɥɘʱluːɴʱ || ʱʁɘʱduʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| frog.ABS || die | | frog.ABS || die || red | ||
|} | |} | ||
The frog, which died, was red. | The frog, which died, was red. | ||
Line 557: | Line 540: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| wùerù || | | wùerù || kùevòelùun || nay || `ròedù | ||
|- | |- | ||
| wɨʱʁuʱ || | | wɨʱʁuʱ || kɨʱɥɘʱluːɴʱ || nai || ʱʁɘʱduʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| frog.ABS || die | | frog.ABS || die || NEG.SPFC || red | ||
|} | |} | ||
The frog, which didn't die, was red. | The frog, which didn't die, was red. | ||
Line 571: | Line 554: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sõwdlan || ameraykùe || wùerù || ` | | sõwdlan || ameraykùe || wùerù || `ròedù | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ || ʱʁɘʱ | | sɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ || ʱʁɘʱduʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| soldier-ERG || hunt | | soldier-ERG || hunt || frog.ABS || red | ||
|} | |} | ||
Soldiers are hunting red frogs. | Soldiers are hunting red frogs. | ||
Line 582: | Line 565: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sõwdlan || ameraykùe || wùerù || ` | | sõwdlan || ameraykùe || wùerù || `ròedù || nay | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ || ʱʁɘʱ | | sɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ || ʱʁɘʱduʱ || nai | ||
|- | |- | ||
| soldier-ERG || hunt | | soldier-ERG || hunt || frog.ABS || red || NEG.SPFC | ||
|} | |} | ||
Soldiers aren't hunting ''red'' frogs (maybe they're hunting another colour). | Soldiers aren't hunting ''red'' frogs (maybe they're hunting another colour). | ||
Line 606: | Line 589: | ||
| sɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ | | sɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| soldier-ERG || hunt | | soldier-ERG || hunt || frog.ABS | ||
|} | |} | ||
Soldiers are hunting frogs. | Soldiers are hunting frogs. | ||
Line 617: | Line 600: | ||
| sɔudɮaɴ || du || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ | | sɔudɮaɴ || du || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| soldier-ERG || INT.GEN || hunt | | soldier-ERG || INT.GEN || hunt || frog.ABS | ||
|} | |} | ||
Are soldiers hunting frogs? | Are soldiers hunting frogs? | ||
Line 645: | Line 614: | ||
| du || sɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ | | du || sɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| INT.GEN || soldier-ERG || hunt | | INT.GEN || soldier-ERG || hunt || frog.ABS | ||
|} | |} | ||
Are ''soldiers'' hunting frogs (or is it someone else)? | Are ''soldiers'' hunting frogs (or is it someone else)? | ||
Line 656: | Line 625: | ||
| sɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || du || wɨʱʁuʱ | | sɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || du || wɨʱʁuʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| soldier-ERG || hunt | | soldier-ERG || hunt || INT.GEN || frog.ABS | ||
|} | |} | ||
Are soldiers hunting ''frogs'' (or something else)? | Are soldiers hunting ''frogs'' (or something else)? | ||
Line 673: | Line 639: | ||
| du || sɔudɮa || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ | | du || sɔudɮa || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| INT.GEN || soldier.ABS || hunt | | INT.GEN || soldier.ABS || hunt || frog.ABS | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 679: | Line 645: | ||
====The Particle ka (Specific Interrogative)==== | ====The Particle ka (Specific Interrogative)==== | ||
This is always placed after a verb | This is always placed after a verb. It is used when the noun's involvement in the event is not in question, rather the question is about what the action was e.g. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sõwdla || | | sõwdla || ameraykùe || ka || wùerù | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sɔudɮa || ʔameʁ&# | | sɔudɮa || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || ka || wɨʱʁuʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| soldier.ABS || hunt | | soldier.ABS || hunt || INT.SPFC || frog.ABS | ||
|} | |} | ||
Are soldiers ''hunting'' frogs (or doing something else to them)? | Are soldiers ''hunting'' frogs (or doing something else to them)? | ||
Line 698: | Line 664: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| wùerù || | | wùerù || kùevòelùun || `ròedù | ||
|- | |- | ||
| wɨʱʁuʱ || | | wɨʱʁuʱ || kɨʱɥɘʱluːɴʱ || ʱ ʱʁɘʱduʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| frog.ABS || die | | frog.ABS || die || red | ||
|} | |} | ||
The frog, which died, was red. | The frog, which died, was red. | ||
Line 709: | Line 675: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| wùerù || | | wùerù || kùevòelùun || ka || `ròedù | ||
|- | |- | ||
| wɨʱʁuʱ || | | wɨʱʁuʱ || kɨʱɥɘʱluːɴʱ || ka || ʱ ʱʁɘʱduʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| frog.ABS || die | | frog.ABS || die || INT.SPFC || red | ||
|} | |} | ||
Was it the frog that died that was red? | Was it the frog that died that was red? | ||
Line 723: | Line 689: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sõwdlan || ameraykùe || wùerù || ` | | sõwdlan || ameraykùe || wùerù || `ròedù | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ || ʱ ʱʁɘʱ | | sɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ || ʱ ʱʁɘʱduʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| soldier-ERG || hunt | | soldier-ERG || hunt || frog.ABS || red | ||
|} | |} | ||
Soldiers are hunting red frogs. | Soldiers are hunting red frogs. | ||
Line 734: | Line 700: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sowdlan || ameraykùe || wùerù || ` | | sowdlan || ameraykùe || wùerù || `ròedù || ka | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ || ʱʁɘʱ | | sɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ || ʱʁɘʱduʱ || ka | ||
|- | |- | ||
| soldier-ERG || hunt | | soldier-ERG || hunt || frog.ABS || red || INT.SPFC | ||
|} | |} | ||
Are soldiers hunting ''red'' frogs (or another colour)? | Are soldiers hunting ''red'' frogs (or another colour)? | ||
Line 772: | Line 738: | ||
| sɔudɮaɴ || duku || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ | | sɔudɮaɴ || duku || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| soldier-ERG || where.GEN || hunt | | soldier-ERG || where.GEN || hunt || frog.ABS | ||
|} | |} | ||
Where are soldiers are hunting frogs? | Where are soldiers are hunting frogs? | ||
Line 783: | Line 749: | ||
| duku || sɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ | | duku || sɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| where.GEN || soldier-ERG || hunt | | where.GEN || soldier-ERG || hunt || frog.ABS | ||
|} | |} | ||
Soldiers from where are hunting frogs? | Soldiers from where are hunting frogs? | ||
Line 794: | Line 760: | ||
| sɔudɮaɴ|| ʔameʁaikɨʱ || duku || wɨʱʁuʱ | | sɔudɮaɴ|| ʔameʁaikɨʱ || duku || wɨʱʁuʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| soldier-ERG || hunt | | soldier-ERG || hunt || where.GEN || frog.ABS | ||
|} | |} | ||
Soldiers are hunting frogs from where? | Soldiers are hunting frogs from where? | ||
Line 804: | Line 770: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sõwdla || | | sõwdla || ameraykùe || tovi || wùerù | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sɔudɮa || ʔameʁ&# | | sɔudɮa || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || tuɥi || wɨʱʁuʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| soldier.ABS || hunt | | soldier.ABS || hunt || where.SPFC || frog.ABS | ||
|} | |} | ||
Where are the soldiers ''hunting'' frogs (not doing anything else to them)? | Where are the soldiers ''hunting'' frogs (not doing anything else to them)? | ||
Line 815: | Line 781: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| wùerù || | | wùerù || kùevòelùun || tovi || `ròedù | ||
|- | |- | ||
| wɨʱʁuʱ || | | wɨʱʁuʱ || kɨʱɥɘʱluːɴʱ || tuɥi || ʱʁɘʱduʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| frog.ABS || die | | frog.ABS || die || where.SPFC || red | ||
|} | |} | ||
The frog that died where was red? | The frog that died where was red? | ||
Line 826: | Line 792: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sõwdlan || ameraykùe || wùerù || ` | | sõwdlan || ameraykùe || wùerù || `ròedù || tovi | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ || ʱʁɘʱ | | sɔudɮaɴ || ʔameʁaikɨʱ || wɨʱʁuʱ || ʱʁɘʱduʱ || tuɥi | ||
|- | |- | ||
| soldier-ERG || hunt | | soldier-ERG || hunt || frog.ABS || red || where.SPFC | ||
|} | |} | ||
Where are soldiers hunting ''red'' frogs (as opposed to some other colour)? | Where are soldiers hunting ''red'' frogs (as opposed to some other colour)? | ||
Line 846: | Line 812: | ||
| sɔudɮaɴ || ʔɜiʱ || jini | | sɔudɮaɴ || ʔɜiʱ || jini | ||
|- | |- | ||
| soldier-ERG || give | | soldier-ERG || give || dog.ABS | ||
|} | |} | ||
A soldier is giving (something to) a dog. | A soldier is giving (something to) a dog. | ||
Line 863: | Line 829: | ||
| ʔasɜiʱ || sɔudɮ | | ʔasɜiʱ || sɔudɮ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <1PS.INC.OBJ>give | | <1PS.INC.OBJ>give || soldier.ABS | ||
|} | |} | ||
A soldier is giving (something to) us (including you). | A soldier is giving (something to) us (including you). | ||
Line 877: | Line 843: | ||
| sɔudɮaɴ || ʔɜiʱ || jini || ʔɛːχaːɴga || ʱwuʱ | | sɔudɮaɴ || ʔɜiʱ || jini || ʔɛːχaːɴga || ʱwuʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| soldier-ERG || give | | soldier-ERG || give || dog.ABS || food-ERG || THEME | ||
|} | |} | ||
A soldier is giving food to a dog. | A soldier is giving food to a dog. | ||
Line 888: | Line 854: | ||
| ʔasɜiʱ || sɔudɮ || ʔɛːχaːɴga || ʱwuʱ | | ʔasɜiʱ || sɔudɮ || ʔɛːχaːɴga || ʱwuʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <1PS.INC.OBJ>give | | <1PS.INC.OBJ>give || soldier.ABS || food-ERG || THEME | ||
|} | |} | ||
A soldier is giving us food. | A soldier is giving us food. | ||
Line 902: | Line 868: | ||
| ʔɜmɜiʱ || sɔudɮ || ʔɛːχaːɴga || ʱwuʱ | | ʔɜmɜiʱ || sɔudɮ || ʔɛːχaːɴga || ʱwuʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <IMPV.AP>give | | <IMPV.AP>give || soldier.ABS || food-ERG || THEME | ||
|} | |} | ||
A soldier is giving food. | A soldier is giving food. | ||
Line 919: | Line 885: | ||
| sɔudɮaɴ || ʔɜiʱ || jini || ʱwɘʱwuʱ | | sɔudɮaɴ || ʔɜiʱ || jini || ʱwɘʱwuʱ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| soldier-ERG || give | | soldier-ERG || give || dog.ABS || <1PS.INCL.PRES>THEME | ||
|} | |} | ||
A soldier is giving us (including you) to a dog. | A soldier is giving us (including you) to a dog. | ||
Line 933: | Line 899: | ||
| ʔɜmɜiʱ || sɔudɮa || ʱwɘʱwuʱ; | | ʔɜmɜiʱ || sɔudɮa || ʱwɘʱwuʱ; | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <IMPV.AP>give | | <IMPV.AP>give || soldier.ABS || <1PS.INCL.PRES>THEME | ||
|} | |} | ||
A soldier is giving us (to something / someone). | A soldier is giving us (to something / someone). | ||
Line 947: | Line 913: | ||
| ʔɜmɜiʱ || sɔudɮa || cɨʱwuʱ; | | ʔɜmɜiʱ || sɔudɮa || cɨʱwuʱ; | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <IMPV.AP>give | | <IMPV.AP>give || soldier.ABS || <1PS.INCL.PAST>THEME | ||
|} | |} | ||
A soldier was giving us (to something / someone). | A soldier was giving us (to something / someone). | ||
Line 958: | Line 924: | ||
| ʔɜmɜiʱ || sɔudɮa || ʱwɨʱwuʱ; | | ʔɜmɜiʱ || sɔudɮa || ʱwɨʱwuʱ; | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <IMPV.AP>give | | <IMPV.AP>give || soldier.ABS || <1PS.INCL.FUT>THEME | ||
|} | |} | ||
A soldier will be giving us (to something / someone). | A soldier will be giving us (to something / someone). |
edits