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User:Frrurtu/Sandbox2: Difference between revisions
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==History== | |||
:''See also: [[Proto-Rttirrian]]'' | |||
Proto-North-Rttirrian descended from [[Proto-Rttirrian]]. A summary of the major changes from Proto-North-Rttirrian follows: | |||
* The old [[w:animacy|animacy]] system stopped being used to distinguish nouns or pronouns. However, the old third-person animacy affixes were reanalyzed as reflecting a different kind of verb, and innovated first-person and second-person verb inflections for this kind of verb as well. This new verb class, called ''Form II'' verbs by convention, represented a more mild meaning than ''Form I'' verbs. This represents a rudimentary form of what would grow into a complicated root-and-pattern inflectional system reminiscent of those of the [[w:Semitic languages|Semitic]] languages. | |||
* The "fourth tense" from Proto-Rttirrian, whose original function is unknown, became a sort of [[w:infinitive|infitinive]] or verbal noun mechanism. | |||
* The old consonant transcribed as *''l<sub>1</sub>'' mutated to /x/ and devoiced all adjacent consonants, while the old consonant *''l<sub>2</sub>'' simply disappeared. | |||
:* Adjacent to both *''l<sub>1</sub>'' and *''l<sub>2</sub>'', vowels mutated: | |||
::* <nowiki>*</nowiki>/ä/ > /ɔ/ | |||
::* <nowiki>*</nowiki>/i/ > /e/ | |||
::* <nowiki>*</nowiki>/u/ > /o/ | |||
* Similarly, when adjacent to the approximant /j/, */a/ raised to /e/ and */u/ lowered to /o/. */a/ also raised to /e/ when adjacent to a fricative, and */u/ lowered past /o/ to /ɔ/ when adjacent to */k/ and */g/. | |||
* The affricate /t͡ʃ/ shifted to /ʃ/. A voiced complement, /ʒ/, was formed by most instances of /z/ when adjacent to /i/, /e/, or /j/. | |||
* <nowiki>*</nowiki>/w/ merged into the fricative /β/. | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
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==Grammar== | ==Grammar== | ||
Proto-North-Rttirrian retained much of the inflectional complexity of [[Proto-Rttirrian]]. | Proto-North-Rttirrian retained much of the inflectional complexity of [[Proto-Rttirrian]]. It no longer displayed the [[w:animacy|animacy]] system Proto-Rttirrian had, but it reanalyzed the inanimate third-person verb inflections as reflecting a different kind of verb, and innovated first-person and second-person verb inflections for this kind of verb as well. This new verb class, called ''Form II'' verbs by convention, represented a more mild meaning than ''Form I'' verbs. This represents a rudimentary form of what would grow into a complicated root-and-pattern inflectional system reminiscent of those of the [[w:Semitic languages|Semitic]] languages. | ||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
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Form II verb prefixes enacted some degree of ablaut on verbs: | Form II verb prefixes enacted some degree of ablaut on verbs: | ||
:<nowiki>*</nowiki>Mo | :<nowiki>*</nowiki>Mo-viti gyo. | ||
:1SG.NOM.PST.Form_I | :1SG.NOM.PST.Form_I-drag 3SG.ACC | ||
:I dragged it. | :I dragged it. | ||
:<nowiki>*</nowiki>Mopa | :<nowiki>*</nowiki>Mopa-v'''a'''t'''a''' gyo. | ||
:1SG.NOM.PST.Form_II | :1SG.NOM.PST.Form_II-drag 3SG.ACC | ||
:I tugged on it. | :I tugged on it. | ||