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User:Ceige/Sketch: Difference between revisions
→Consonants: Finished for now
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==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
The places of articulation are defined as labial | The places of articulation are defined as follows: | ||
* '''labial:''' using the lips | |||
* '''dental: ''' near the teeth or alveolar ridge | |||
* '''lateralised''' dental laterals and lateralised dental affricates | |||
* '''post-alveolar: ''' either palatal or retroflex | |||
* '''dorsal: ''' allophonically palatal, velar and uvular, probably | |||
* and finally, '''glottal: ''' provided for a symmetry's sake, see phonemic brackets | |||
Plosives are distinguished by place of articulation and phonation. The three phonations are fortis (with a [http://clas.mq.edu.au/speech/phonetics/phonetics/airstream_laryngeal/vot.html positive VOT] and/or preaspiration, i.e. ''voiceless''), tense (not well defined, but perhaps having a neutral VOT, glottalisation, or some other feature), and lenis (with a neutral to negative VOT, i.e. ''voiced''). | Plosives are distinguished by place of articulation and phonation. The three phonations are fortis (with a [http://clas.mq.edu.au/speech/phonetics/phonetics/airstream_laryngeal/vot.html positive VOT] and/or preaspiration, i.e. ''voiceless''), tense (not well defined, but perhaps having a neutral VOT, glottalisation, or some other feature), and lenis (with a neutral to negative VOT, i.e. ''voiced''). | ||
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|+ Consonants | |+ Consonants | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan=2| 🦌 !! Labial !! Dental !! Lateralised !! | !colspan=2| 🦌 !! Labial !! Dental !! Lateralised !! Post-Alveolar !! Dorsal !! Glottal | ||
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan=3| Plosives | !rowspan=3| Plosives | ||
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| b~p ⟨p⟩ || d~t ⟨t⟩ || dl~tł ⟨tl⟩ || ž~č ⟨tš⟩ || g~k ⟨k⟩ || ʔ /∅/ | | b~p ⟨p⟩ || d~t ⟨t⟩ || dl~tł ⟨tl⟩ || ž~č ⟨tš⟩ || g~k ⟨k⟩ || ʔ /∅/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan=2| | !rowspan=2| Sonorants #1 | ||
! Voiceless | ! Voiceless | ||
| m̊ ⟨m', pm, | | m̊ ⟨m', pm, hm⟩ || n̊ ⟨n', tn, hn⟩ || l̥ ⟨l', dl, lt, hl⟩ || ɲ̊ ⟨ň', tň, hň⟩ || ŋ̊ ⟨ŋ', kŋ, hŋ⟩ || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Voiced | ! Voiced | ||
| m ⟨m⟩ || n ⟨n⟩ | | m ⟨m⟩ || n ⟨n⟩ || l ⟨l⟩ || ɲ ⟨ň⟩ || ŋ ⟨ŋ⟩ || | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan=2| Fricatives | !colspan=2| Fricatives | ||
| || s | | || s ⟨s⟩ || ł ⟨ł⟩ || š ⟨š⟩ || x ⟨x⟩ || | ||
|- | |||
!colspan=2| Sonorants #2 | |||
| w ⟨w⟩ || r ⟨r⟩ || || j ⟨j⟩ || || | |||
|} | |} | ||
Some additional notes: | |||
* Voiceless sonorants and /r/ can only occur at the start of a syllable. A voiceless sonorant (or /r/) at the end of a syllable implies a null-nucleus, and as such the consonant is still often released, and a dummy vowel may be inserted. | |||
:: '''N.B.:''' ''This is an area people creating daughter languages can explore.'' | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||