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User:Frrurtu/Sandbox2: Difference between revisions

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==History==
==History==
* As a result of collapsing of the different gendered endings for case inflections, the case system became significantly more [[w:agglutination|agglutinative]], requiring the gender and case suffixes to be attached to the noun separately.
* As a result of collapsing of the different gendered endings for case inflections, the case system became significantly more [[w:agglutination|agglutinative]], requiring the gender and case suffixes to be attached to the noun separately.
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
Proto-Owina possessed the following consonants:
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!  colspan="2" |
!  Labial
!  Alveolar
!  Palato-<br>alveolar
!  Velar
|-
! colspan="2" | Nasal
| *'''m''' /m/
| *'''n''' /n/
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" | Plosive
! Voiceless
| *'''p''' /p/
| *'''t''' /t/
|
| *'''k''' /k/
|-
! Voiced
|
| *'''d''' /d/
|
| *'''g''' /g/
|-
! Aspirated
| *'''ph''' /pʰ/
| *'''th''' /tʰ/
|
| *'''kh''' /kʰ/
|-
! rowspan="2" | Fricative
! Voiceless
| *'''f''' /f/
| *'''s''' /s/
| *'''sh''' /ʃ/
|
|-
! Voiced
| *'''v''' /v/
|
| *'''j''' /ʒ/
|
|-
! rowspan="3" | Affricate
! Voiced
|
|
| *'''dj''' /d͡ʒ/
|
|-
! Voiceless
|
|
| *'''ch''' /t͡ʃ/
|
|-
! Aspirated
|
|
| *'''cch''' /t͡ʃʰ/
|
|-
! colspan="2" | Approximant
| *'''w''' /w/
| *'''l''' /l/
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | Flap/Trill
|
| *'''r''' /r/
|
|
|}
===Vowels===
The following vowel phonemes are used:
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; border-spacing: 20px;"
|-
!
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! High
| *'''i''' /i/
| *'''u''' /ʉ/
|
|-
! Mid-high
| *'''e''' /e/
|
| *'''o''' /o/
|-
! Mid
|
| *'''y''' /ə/
|
|-
! Mid-low
|
|
| *'''ø''' /ɔ/
|-
! Low
|
| *'''a''' /a/
|
|}


==Grammar==
==Grammar==
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| ''*eso''
| ''*eso''
| ''*tíve''
| ''*tíve''
| ''*shɔso''
| ''*shøso''
| colspan="2" | ''*sɔfó''
| colspan="2" | ''*søfó''
| ''*iser''
| ''*iser''
| ''*rincho''
| ''*rincho''
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| ''*rij''
| ''*rij''
| ''*rinej''
| ''*rinej''
| colspan="2" | ''*tujmɔ''
| colspan="2" | ''*tujmø''
| ''*timɔ''
| ''*timø''
| rowspan="2" | ''*rimos''
| rowspan="2" | ''*rimos''
|-
|-
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| ''*raj''
| ''*raj''
| ''*rinch''
| ''*rinch''
| colspan="2" | ''*chɔ''
| colspan="2" | ''*chø''
| ''*tichɔ''
| ''*tichø''
| ''*rinchɔ''
| ''*rinchø''
|-
|-
! Instrumental
! Instrumental
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| ''*fík''
| ''*fík''
| ''*vosík''
| ''*vosík''
| ''*tərom''
| ''*tyrom''
| colspan="2" | ''*turom''
| colspan="2" | ''*turom''
| ''*rimom''
| ''*rimom''
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! Nominative
! Nominative
| ''*-(a)m''
| ''*-(a)m''
| ''*-∅/-ə''
| ''*-∅/-y''
| ''*-(a)s''
| ''*-(a)s''
| ''*-(a)sh''
| ''*-(a)sh''
| ''*-ə''
| ''*-∅/-y''
| rowspan="2" | ''*-(a)r''
| rowspan="2" | ''*-(a)r''
| ''*-əsh''
| ''*-(y)sh''
| ''*-ə''
| ''*-∅/-y''
|-
|-
! Accusative
! Accusative
| colspan="4" | ''*-(a)m''
| colspan="4" | ''*-(a)m''
| ''*-es''
| ''*-(e)s''
| colspan="2" | ''*-(e)s''
| colspan="2" | ''*-(e)s''
|-
|-
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|-
|-
! Dative
! Dative
| colspan="4" | ''*-(ə)j''
| colspan="4" | ''*-(y)j''
| colspan="4" | ''*-mos''
| colspan="4" | ''*-mos''
|-
|-
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! Adessive
! Adessive
| colspan="4" | ''*-(j)ej''
| colspan="4" | ''*-(j)ej''
| colspan="4" | ''*-sɔ''
| colspan="4" | ''*-sø''
|-
|-
! Inessive
! Inessive
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Except for the plural in the accusative, cases were "stacked" on top of the nominative gender endings to explicitly indicate both gender, number, and case.
Except for the plural in the accusative, cases were "stacked" on top of the nominative gender endings to explicitly indicate both gender, number, and case.


:*''pipi-sh-'''as'''''
:<nowiki>*</nowiki>''pipi-sh-'''as'''''
:chick-THEM.SG-GEN.INAL.SG
:chick-THEM.SG-GEN.INAL.SG
:the chick's
:the chick's


:*''pipi-ə-'''som'''
:<nowiki>*</nowiki>''pipi-∅-'''som'''
:chick-THEM.PL-GEN.INAL.PL
:chick-THEM.PL-GEN.INAL.PL
:the chicks'
:the chicks'
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|-
|-
!Past
!Past
| ''*-ɔm''
| ''*-ø''
| ''*-ɔmí''
| ''*-ømí''
| ''*-as''
| ''*-as''
| ''*-etí''
| ''*-etí''
| ''*-at''
| ''*-a''
| ''*-and''
| ''*-and''
| ''*-om''
| ''*-om''
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| ''*-te''
| ''*-te''
| ''*-ta''
| ''*-ta''
| ''*-anch''
| ''*-ach''
| ''*-o''
| ''*-o''
| ''*-om''
| ''*-om''
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| ''*-et''
| ''*-et''
| ''*-omo''
| ''*-omo''
| ''*-onch''
| ''*-och''
|}
|}
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