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Meoka: Difference between revisions
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Romanization !! IPA | ! Romanization !! IPA | ||
|- | |- | ||
| a || a | | a || a | ||
|- | |- | ||
| aa || a: | | aa || a: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| b || b | | b || b | ||
|- | |- | ||
| c || ɨ | | c || ɨ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| cc || ɨ: | | cc || ɨ: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| d || d | | d || d | ||
|- | |- | ||
| e || e | | e || e | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ee || e: | | ee || e: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| f || f | | f || f | ||
|- | |- | ||
| g || g | | g || g | ||
|- | |- | ||
| h || h, ç | | h || h, ç | ||
|- | |- | ||
| i || i | | i || i | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ii || i: | | ii || i: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| y || j | | y || j | ||
|- | |- | ||
| j || ʒ | | j || ʒ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| k || k | | k || k | ||
|- | |- | ||
| l || l | | l || l | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ll || ɬ | | ll || ɬ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| m || m | | m || m | ||
|- | |- | ||
| n || n | | n || n | ||
|- | |- | ||
| nn || ŋ | | nn || ŋ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| o || o | | o || o | ||
|- | |- | ||
| oo || o: | | oo || o: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| p || p | | p || p | ||
|- | |- | ||
| q || q | | q || q | ||
|- | |- | ||
| s || s | | s || s | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ss || ʃ | | ss || ʃ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| t || t | | t || t | ||
|- | |- | ||
| u || u | | u || u | ||
|- | |- | ||
| uu || u: | | uu || u: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| w || w | | w || w | ||
|- | |- | ||
| v || v | | v || v | ||
|- | |- | ||
| z || z | | z || z | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ' || ʔ | | ' || ʔ | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
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====Diphthongs==== | ====Diphthongs==== | ||
diphthongs occur in nearly all incidences of i or u adjacent to another vowel. Otherwise, the vowels are pronounced as separate syllables. In Meoka's script, the i and u glyphs are modified with a dot to indicate they are acting as a glide. | diphthongs occur in nearly all incidences of i or u adjacent to another vowel. Otherwise, the vowels are pronounced as separate syllables. In Meoka's script, the i and u glyphs are modified with a dot to indicate they are acting as a glide. | ||
====h==== | |||
H is pronounced as h before a, u, or o, and as ç before i or e. | |||
===='==== | |||
The glottal stop is phonemic, however, it is not allowed in a word initial position, word final position, or in any consonant cluster. | |||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --> | <!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --> | ||
===Nouns=== | |||
Nouns are inflected for number and case in three grammatical genders, correlating roughly to an animacy category. | |||
====Locational Prepositions==== | |||
Locational prepositions may precede a noun modified with the locative case to indicate a position or motion such as inside, toward, or near. | |||
===Adjectives=== | |||
The final vowel changes to match the grammatical gender of the noun it modifies. | |||
===Verbs=== | |||
Verbs are inflected for tense, aspect, and mood, but not person or number. | |||
===Adverbs=== | |||
The final vowel of the adverb changes to match the category of verb it modifies. | |||
===Conjunctions=== | |||
===Particles=== | |||
====Questions==== | |||
''too'' preceding a phrase marks it as a question. | |||
====Negation==== | |||
''le'' negates whatever element of a sentence it precedes. | |||
====Commands==== | |||
''tay'' precedes a verb to form a command. <br> | |||
''let'' or ''letay'' precedes a verb to form a negative command. | |||
===Derivational morphology=== | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
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===Noun phrase=== | ===Noun phrase=== | ||
Adjectives follow the noun, and a locational preposition may precede it. | |||
===Verb phrase=== | ===Verb phrase=== | ||
Adverbs follow verbs and a few particles may precede them. | |||
===Dependent clauses=== | ===Dependent clauses=== | ||
< | Dependent clauses are set off with the word ''tis''. | ||
I burned the letter that came from the city. <br> | |||
burn+PAST I+CAUSAL letter+OBJ [tis] come+PAST out-of city+LOC.*<br> | |||
Tscchyo lodo nnijass tis kcdyo goa abe'afe. | |||
The only dog with a bow is Fido. <br> | |||
Dog+SUBJ one [tis] have+ongoing bow+OBJ [tis] is Fido+OBJ.* <br> | |||
Ezo to'o tis kuugusi laabass tis fake Fidoss. | |||
I have my own way of writing a gloss since, until recently, I have been the only person to ever look at them. I know it isn't the typical way you might see a linguist do it. Let me know if you want an explanation.* | |||
===Conjunction ''a''=== | |||
The conjunction ''a'', often translates well as "that." it joins two verbs (and the verbs must be adjacent to ''a'' on both sides), for example: | |||
I think that we will run in the park. <br> | |||
I+SUBJ think [a] run+FUT we+SUBJ park+LOC. <br> | |||
lo zide a kidya mo qopeafe. | |||
I know that he likes cheese.<br> | |||
I+SUBJ know [a] like he/she cheese+OBJ.<br> | |||
Lo luusi a ine ke bajass. | |||
==Writing System== | |||
Meoka is written vertically, using an alphabet, top to bottom, left to right. | |||
==Numbers== | |||
==Example texts== | ==Example texts== | ||