Linguifex

Kukʉp: Difference between revisions

Page Discussion

Kukʉp (view source)

Revision as of 15:15, 6 October 2017

9,685 bytes added ,  6 October 2017
m
no edit summary
mNo edit summary
 
(22 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{construction}}
{{construction}}
'''Kukʉp''' is the native language of the Pineti, a Human culture that exists primarily at sea. The modern form is a creole of True Ongo and Old Kukʉp, with additional vocabulary from various favored port cities included as needed.


==General Information==
{{Infobox language
|name          ={{PAGENAME}}
|nativename    =Pinekatʉ
|pronunciation  =/pine'kakʉ/
|states        =Pinek Leʉv
|region        =
|country        =
|ethnicity      = Shunfoh
|speakers      = 30,835
| extinct      =
| revived      =
| revived-cat  =
| era          =
| date          =111
| dateprefix    =TF
|familycolor    =Creole
|fam1          =Shunfoh languages
|fam2          =Ongo Xeutyhuflone
|fam3          =
|ancestor      =Akʉlehe
|script        =Ongo (Kukʉp alphabet)
|creator        =[[User:Z2a|z2a]]
|setting        =
| posteriori    =
| dia1          =
| dia2          =
| dialects      =
| sign          =
| stand1        =
| stand2        =
| standards    =
| nation        =
| minority      =
|agency        =Edwoa Xechode tuv Pluthe (The Sworn Keepers of Memories)
| title        =
|notice=IPA
}}
 
'''Kukʉp''' /kukʉp/ (pronounced /kukup/ in True Ongo, also called Pinekatʉ /pine'kakʉ/), is the native language of the Pineti, a Shunfoh culture that exists primarily at sea. In its modern form, it is a Kukʉp-based Shunfoh utyhuflone, heavily saturated with Ongo vocabulary, but also influenced by Buw, Vasále, and Richi. Although Kukʉp is spoken by almost 117,000 people world wide, less than 31,000 of them are native speakers, as the language has found great popularity being used in trade over the last three decades.
 
While Kukʉp has a number of features that distinguish it from Ongo, the amount of vocabulary shared allows, in most situations, the languages to be partially mutually intelligible. The usage and education of Kukʉp is seen by some XeShunfoh as controversial, due to a perceived lack of overall cultural unity its continued use displays. Kukʉp is not the only Ongo utyhuflone, but it does have more variance from True Ongo than any other Shunfoh dialect or utyhuflone. The Pineti have showed no signs of reducing or discontinuing its use in favor of True Ongo and some have claimed that its ease of use for the other peoples of the world and its popularity among various major ports of trade has played a major role in gaining XeShunfoh the recognition from the other peoples that they've sought for so long.
 
==Etymology==
The word ''utyhuflone'' is of True Ongo origin, a term meaning "a familiar stranger." The term was originally used to indicate any Shunfoh that did not speak True Ongo, but eventually came to refer to the mixed language that such Shunfoh passed down to their children.
 
''Pinekatʉ'' is a term used by the Pineti to refer to their own language. With alleged use dating back to before Old Kukʉp, the word is often translated to mean "water speak" or "wet words". The Pineti have been known to disapprove of and discourage the use of the term by non-native speakers.
 
==Origins==
 
==History==
 
==Sociolinguistics==
 
==Orthography==


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
Line 109: Line 161:
* Word final consonants : k, l, n, p, t, v, w, ɾ, ʔ
* Word final consonants : k, l, n, p, t, v, w, ɾ, ʔ


===Orthography===
==Grammar==
Kukʉp uses Subject-Oblique-Object-Verb for word order, with adjectives placed before nouns and suffixes used when adpositions are necessary.
 
* "Mary opened the red door with a key" = ''Mary with a key the red door opened.'' (or "Marya kep evo nihue lil a'o inu kutet.")
 
===Nouns===
Kukʉp uses gender (Person, Land, Sea, Sky) to indicate the source of nouns. While nouns will be assumed to have a particular gender ('''ee''' means wood and is normally Land gendered), gender can be changed to show that a specific noun came from a different source (Sea gendered wood might indicate drift wood, while Person gendered wood would imply that someone shaped or carved the wood in question).
 
====Noun Morphology====
Kukʉp is an ergative-absolutive language, meaning the ''object'' of a transitive verb and the single core ''argument'' of an intransitive verb are treated the same ('''absolutive'''), while the ''agent'' of a transitive verb is treated differently ('''ergative'''). In English, this would read as follows:
 
* He (''agent'') found me (''object'').
* Him (''argument'') traveled.
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:600px;"
! colspan="2"|
! colspan="2"|Singular
! colspan="2"|Plural
|-
! rowspan="4"|Absolutive
!Person
|child
|'''nevo''' /’nevɒ/
|children
|Suffix: '''-(e)v''' /-(ɛ)v/<br />'''nevov''' /’nevɒv/
|-
!Land
|tree
|'''erku''' /’ɛɾku/
|trees
|Suffix: '''-a''' /-a/<br />'''erkua''' /ɛɾ’kua/
|-
!Sea
|fish
|'''kure''' /’kuɾɛ/
|fishes
|Suffix: '''-i''' /-i/<br />'''kurei''' /’kuɾɛi/
|-
!Sky
|bird
|'''roi''' /’ɾoi/
|birds
|Suffix: '''-ʉ''' /-ʉ/<br />'''roiʉ''' /ɾo’iʉ/
|-
! rowspan="4"|Ergative
!Person
|child
|Suffix: '''-(o)t''' /-(ɒ)t/<br />'''nevot''' /'nevɒt/
|children
|Suffix: '''-(e)'''' /-(e)ʔ/<br />'''nevo'''' /'nevɒʔ/
|-
!Land
|tree
|Suffix: '''-(e)v''' /-(e)v/<br />'''erkuv''' /'ɛɾkuv/
|trees
|Suffix: '''-(u)wi''' /-(u)wi/<br />'''erkuwi''' /ɛɾ’kuwi/
|-
!Sea
|fish
|Suffix: '''-(o)t''' /-(o)t/<br />'''kuret''' /’kuɾɛt/
|fishes
|Suffix: '''-(o)'o''' /-(o)ʔo/<br />'''kure’o ''' /ku'ɾɛʔo/
|-
!Sky
|bird
|Suffix: '''-(u)p''' /-(u)p/<br />'''roip''' /'ɾoip/
|birds
|Suffix: '''-(ɒ)v''' /-(ɒ)v/<br />'''roiv''' /’ɾoiv/
|}


==Grammar==
====Definite Article====
Main word order: Subject - Oblique - Object - Verb
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:600px;"
! colspan="2"|
! colspan="2"|Singular
! colspan="2"|Plural
|-
! rowspan="4"|Absolutive
!Person
|the [child]
|'''kit''' /kit/
|the [children]
|'''kit''' /kit/
|-
!Land
|the [tree]
|'''men''' /men/
|the [trees]
|'''men''' /men/
|-
!Sea
|the [fish]
|'''ket''' /kɛt/
|the [fishes]
|'''ket''' /kɛt/
|-
!Sky
|the [bird]
|'''ting''' /tiŋ/
|the [birds]
|'''ting''' /tiŋ/
|-
! rowspan="4"|Ergative
!Person
|the [child]
|'''wit''' /wit/
|the [children]
|'''vin''' /win/
|-
!Land
|the [tree]
|'''man''' /man/
|the [trees]
|'''wen''' /wen/
|-
!Sea
|the [fish]
|'''kow''' /kow/
|the [fishes]
|''''ak''' /ʔat/
|-
!Sky
|the [bird]
|'''tin''' /tin/
|the [birds]
|'''no'''' /noʔ/
|}
Uses of definite article that differ from English:
*Used to talk about countable nouns in general: English's ‘I like cats’ would translate to ‘I like the cats’
*Not used for mass (uncountable) nouns: English's ‘Walking in the mud’ would always translate to ‘Walking in mud’
*Used for languages: ‘The English’
*Used with place names: ‘The London’
 
====Indefinite Article====
The numeral for ‘one’, evo, is used as the indefinite article.
 
====Personal Pronouns====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:750px;"
|-
!colspan="1"|
!colspan="2"|Absolutive
!colspan="2"|Ergative
!colspan="2"|Genitive
!colspan="2"|Dative
|-
!1st. Singular
|I
|'''lo''' /lɒ/
|me
|'''le''' /lɛ/
|mine
|'''li''' /li/
|to me
|'''lo li''' /lɒ li/
|-
!2nd. Singular
|you
|'''po''' /po/
|you
|'''pem''' /pem/
|yours
|'''pep''' /pɛp/
|to you
|'''po li''' /po li/
|-
!3rd. Singular
|he/she/it
|'''vit''' /wit/
|him/her/it
|'''ven''' /wɛn/
|his/hers/its
|'''vem''' /wem/
|to him/her/it
|'''vit li''' /wit li/
|-
!1st. Plural
|we
|'''he''' /hɛ/
|us
|'''hup''' /hup/
|ours
|'''hu''' /hu/
|to us
|'''he li''' /hɛ li/
|-
!2nd. Plural
|you
|'''rok''' /ɾot/
|you
|'''rov''' /ɾov/
|yours
|'''ro'''' /ɾoʔ/
|to you
|'''rok li''' /ɾot li/
|-
!3rd. Plural
|they
|'''i''' /i/
|them
|'''in''' /in/
|theirs
|''''in''' /ʔin/
|to them
|'''i li''' /i li/
|}
 
===Verbs===
Kukʉp verbs don't use indicative mood (past, present, or future tense). Instead, those details are determined through context.
* Perfect aspect -- uses the word ''''reletʉ'''' before the main verb -- ''"have studied"'' or reletʉ petʉp
* Progressive aspect -- uses the word ''''tip'''' before the main verb -- ''"am studying"'' or tip petʉp
* Imperative -- uses the word '''' ni' '''' before the main verb -- ''"study!" (as a command)'' or ni' petʉp
* Negation -- adds the suffix -(ʉ)ho /-(ʉ)hɒ/ to the verb -- ''"do not study"'' or petʉpʉho
**Tense affixes come between the root verb and the progressive affix


==Vocabulary==
==Vocabulary==
Useful phrases
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! English !! Kukʉp || IPA
|-
| Welcome || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Hello (General greeting) || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| How are you? || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Reply to "how are you?" || * ("Still alive") || /’evɒ/
|-
| What's your name? || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| My name is ... || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Where are you from? || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| I'm from ... || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Pleased to meet you || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Good morning (Morning greeting) || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Good afternoon (Afternoon greeting) || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Good evening (Evening greeting) || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Goodbye (Parting phrase || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Good night || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Good luck! || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Cheers! Good health! (Toasts used when drinking) || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Bon appetit/ Have a nice meal || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| I understand || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| I don't understand || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Yes || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| No || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Maybe || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| I don't know || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Please speak more slowly || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Please write it down || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Do you speak English? || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Do you speak Kukʉp?|| * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Yes, a little (reply to "Do you speak...?") || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Speak to me in *** || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| How do you say ... in ***? || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Excuse me || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| How much is this? || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Sorry || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Please || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Thank you || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Reply to thank you || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Where's the toilet? || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| I love you || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Get well soon || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Help! || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Fire! || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Stop! || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Christmas and New Year greetings || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Easter greetings || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Birthday greetings || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| One language is never enough || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| My hovercraft is full of eels || * || /’evɒ/
|}


===See also===
===See also===
Z2a
354

edits

Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/87255...88417"