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Kukʉp (view source)

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|fam2          =Ongo Xeutyhuflone
|fam2          =Ongo Xeutyhuflone
|fam3          =
|fam3          =
|ancestor      =Old Kukʉp
|ancestor      =Akʉlehe
|script        =Ongo (Kukʉp alphabet)
|script        =Ongo (Kukʉp alphabet)
|creator        =[[User:Z2a|z2a]]
|creator        =[[User:Z2a|z2a]]
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==Etymology==
==Etymology==
The word ''utyhuflone'' is of True Ongo origin, a term meaning "a familiar stranger." The term was originally used to indicate any Shunfoh that did not speak True Ongo, but eventually came to refer to the mixed language that such Shunfoh passed down to their children.
''Pinekatʉ'' is a term used by the Pineti to refer to their own language. With alleged use dating back to before Old Kukʉp, the word is often translated to mean "water speak" or "wet words". The Pineti have been known to disapprove of and discourage the use of the term by non-native speakers.
==Origins==
==History==
==Sociolinguistics==
==Orthography==


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
Line 149: Line 160:
* Mid word consonants : h, k, l, m, n, p, t, v, w, ŋ, ɾ, ʔ
* Mid word consonants : h, k, l, m, n, p, t, v, w, ŋ, ɾ, ʔ
* Word final consonants : k, l, n, p, t, v, w, ɾ, ʔ
* Word final consonants : k, l, n, p, t, v, w, ɾ, ʔ
===Orthography===


==Grammar==
==Grammar==
Kukʉp uses Subject-Oblique-Object-Verb for word order, with adjectives placed before nouns and suffixes used when adpositions are necessary.
Kukʉp uses Subject-Oblique-Object-Verb for word order, with adjectives placed before nouns and suffixes used when adpositions are necessary.


* "Mary opened the red door with a key" = ''Mary with a key the red door opened.'' (or "Marya kep evo wawʉt lil a'o vopuk kutet.")
* "Mary opened the red door with a key" = ''Mary with a key the red door opened.'' (or "Marya kep evo nihue lil a'o inu kutet.")


===Nouns===
===Nouns===
Line 176: Line 185:
|'''nevo''' /’nevɒ/
|'''nevo''' /’nevɒ/
|children
|children
|Suffix: '''-(e)t''' /-(ɛ)t/<br />'''nevot''' /’nevɒt/
|Suffix: '''-(e)v''' /-(ɛ)v/<br />'''nevov''' /’nevɒv/
|-
|-
!Land
!Land
Line 182: Line 191:
|'''erku''' /’ɛɾku/
|'''erku''' /’ɛɾku/
|trees
|trees
|Suffix: '''-(u)ri''' /-(u)ɾi/<br />'''erkuri''' /ɛɾ’kuɾi/
|Suffix: '''-a''' /-a/<br />'''erkua''' /ɛɾ’kua/
|-
|-
!Sea
!Sea
|fish
|fish
|'''ʉre''' /’ʉɾɛ/
|'''kure''' /’kuɾɛ/
|fishes
|fishes
|Suffix: '''-(ʉ)p''' /-(ʉ)p/<br />'''ʉrep''' /’ʉɾɛp/
|Suffix: '''-i''' /-i/<br />'''kurei''' /’kuɾɛi/
|-
|-
!Sky  
!Sky  
Line 194: Line 203:
|'''roi''' /’ɾoi/
|'''roi''' /’ɾoi/
|birds
|birds
|Suffix: '''-(u)re''' /uɾe/<br />'''roire''' /ɾo’iɾe/
|Suffix: '''-ʉ''' /-ʉ/<br />'''roiʉ''' /ɾo’iʉ/
|-
|-
! rowspan="4"|Ergative  
! rowspan="4"|Ergative  
!Person  
!Person  
|child
|child
|Suffix: '''-a''' /-a/<br />'''nevoa''' /ne’vɒa/
|Suffix: '''-(o)t''' /-(ɒ)t/<br />'''nevot''' /'nevɒt/
|children
|children
|Suffix: '''-(ʉ)re''' /ʉɾe/<br />'''nevore''' /ne’vɒɾe/
|Suffix: '''-(e)'''' /-(e)ʔ/<br />'''nevo'''' /'nevɒʔ/
|-
|-
!Land  
!Land  
|tree
|tree
|Suffix: '''-(i)t''' /-(i)t/<br />'''erkut''' /ɛɾ’kut/
|Suffix: '''-(e)v''' /-(e)v/<br />'''erkuv''' /'ɛɾkuv/
|trees
|trees
|Suffix: '''-(ʉ)'''t /-(ʉ)t/<br />'''erkut''' /ɛɾ’kut/
|Suffix: '''-(u)wi''' /-(u)wi/<br />'''erkuwi''' /ɛɾ’kuwi/
|-
|-
!Sea  
!Sea  
|fish
|fish
|Suffix: '''-(o)v''' /-(ɒ)v/<br />'''ʉrev''' /’ʉɾɛv/
|Suffix: '''-(o)t''' /-(o)t/<br />'''kuret''' /’kuɾɛt/
|fishes
|fishes
|Suffix: '''-(ʉ)' ''' /-(ʉ)ʔ/<br />'''ʉre’ ''' /’ʉɾɛʔ/
|Suffix: '''-(o)'o''' /-(o)ʔo/<br />'''kure’o ''' /ku'ɾɛʔo/
|-
|-
!Sky
!Sky
|bird
|bird
|Suffix: '''-i''' /-i/<br />'''roii''' /ɾo’ii/
|Suffix: '''-(u)p''' /-(u)p/<br />'''roip''' /'ɾoip/
|birds
|birds
|Suffix: '''-(u)p''' /-(u)p/<br />'''roip''' /’ɾoip/
|Suffix: '''-(ɒ)v''' /-(ɒ)v/<br />'''roiv''' /’ɾoiv/
|}
|}


Line 231: Line 240:
!Person
!Person
|the [child]
|the [child]
|'''lil''' /lil/
|'''kit''' /kit/
|the [children]
|the [children]
|'''ril''' /ɾil/
|'''kit''' /kit/
|-
|-
!Land
!Land
|the [tree]
|the [tree]
|'''hom''' /hɒm/
|'''men''' /men/
|the [trees]
|the [trees]
|'''‘om''' /ʔɒm/
|'''men''' /men/
|-
|-
!Sea
!Sea
|the [fish]
|the [fish]
|'''nan''' /nan/
|'''ket''' /kɛt/
|the [fishes]
|the [fishes]
|'''nam''' /nam/
|'''ket''' /kɛt/
|-
|-
!Sky  
!Sky  
|the [bird]
|the [bird]
|'''kow''' /kow/
|'''ting''' /tiŋ/
|the [birds]
|the [birds]
|'''kuw''' /kuw/
|'''ting''' /tiŋ/
|-
|-
! rowspan="4"|Ergative  
! rowspan="4"|Ergative  
!Person  
!Person  
|the [child]
|the [child]
|''''ul''' /ʔul/
|'''wit''' /wit/
|the [children]
|the [children]
|'''hul''' /hul/
|'''vin''' /win/
|-
|-
!Land  
!Land  
|the [tree]
|the [tree]
|'''hup''' /hup/
|'''man''' /man/
|the [trees]
|the [trees]
|'''rup''' /ɾup/
|'''wen''' /wen/
|-
|-
!Sea  
!Sea  
|the [fish]
|the [fish]
|'''kan''' /kan/
|'''kow''' /kow/
|the [fishes]
|the [fishes]
|'''kel''' /kɛl/
|''''ak''' /ʔat/
|-
|-
!Sky
!Sky
|the [bird]
|the [bird]
|'''tow''' /tow/
|'''tin''' /tin/
|the [birds]
|the [birds]
|''''aw''' /ʔaw/
|'''no'''' /noʔ/
|}
|}
Uses of definite article that differ from English:
*Used to talk about countable nouns in general: English's ‘I like cats’ would translate to ‘I like the cats’
*Not used for mass (uncountable) nouns: English's ‘Walking in the mud’ would always translate to ‘Walking in mud’
*Used for languages: ‘The English’
*Used with place names: ‘The London’


====Indefinite Article====
====Indefinite Article====
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!1st. Singular
!1st. Singular
|I
|I
|'''lo''' /lo/
|'''lo''' /lɒ/
|me
|me
|'''lor''' /loɾ/
|'''le''' /lɛ/
|mine  
|mine  
|'''le''' /le/
|'''li''' /li/
|to me
|to me
|'''lo e''' /lo ɛ/
|'''lo li''' /lɒ li/
|-
|-
!2nd. Singular
!2nd. Singular
|you
|you
|'''let''' /let/
|'''po''' /po/
|you
|you
|'''leh''' /leh/
|'''pem''' /pem/
|yours
|yours
|'''lep''' /lɛp/
|'''pep''' /pɛp/
|to you
|to you
|'''let e''' /let ɛ/
|'''po li''' /po li/
|-
|-
!3rd. Singular
!3rd. Singular
|he/she/it
|he/she/it
|'''pu''' /pu/
|'''vit''' /wit/
|him/her/it
|him/her/it
|'''pʉn''' /pʉn/
|'''ven''' /wɛn/
|his/hers/its
|his/hers/its
|'''pur''' /pur/
|'''vem''' /wem/
|to him/her/it
|to him/her/it
|'''pu e''' /pu ɛ/
|'''vit li''' /wit li/
|-
|-
!1st. Plural
!1st. Plural
|we
|we
|'''lʉ''' /lʉ/
|'''he''' /hɛ/
|us
|us
|'''lʉt''' /lʉt/
|'''hup''' /hup/
|ours
|ours
|'''lʉn''' /lʉn/
|'''hu''' /hu/
|to us
|to us
|'''lʉ e''' /lʉ ɛ/
|'''he li''' /hɛ li/
|-
|-
!2nd. Plural
!2nd. Plural
|you
|you
|'''ʉ''' /ʉ/
|'''rok''' /ɾot/
|you
|you
|'''hʉ''' /hʉ/
|'''rov''' /ɾov/
|yours
|yours
|'''ʉp''' /ʉp/
|'''ro'''' /ɾoʔ/
|to you
|to you
|'''ʉ e''' /ʉ ɛ/
|'''rok li''' /ɾot li/
|-
|-
!3rd. Plural
!3rd. Plural
|they
|they
|'''o''' /ɒ/
|'''i''' /i/
|them
|them
|'''o'''' /ɒʔ/
|'''in''' /in/
|theirs
|theirs
|'''ho'''' /hɒʔ/
|''''in''' /ʔin/
|to them
|to them
|'''o e''' /ɒ ɛ/
|'''i li''' /i li/
|}
|}


===Verbs===
===Verbs===
Kukʉp verbs don't use perfect aspects or indicative mood (past, present, or future tense). Instead, those details are determined through context.
Kukʉp verbs don't use indicative mood (past, present, or future tense). Instead, those details are determined through context.
 
* Perfect aspect -- uses the word ''''reletʉ'''' before the main verb -- ''"have studied"'' or reletʉ petʉp
* Progressive aspect -- Suffix: '''-(i)r''' /-(i)ɾ/ -- ''"am studying"'' or petʉpir
* Progressive aspect -- uses the word ''''tip'''' before the main verb -- ''"am studying"'' or tip petʉp
* Imperative -- Suffix: '''-(e)ni''' /ɛni/ -- ''"study!" (as a command)'' or petʉpeni
* Imperative -- uses the word '''' ni' '''' before the main verb -- ''"study!" (as a command)'' or ni' petʉp
* Negation -- Uses the particle '''u''' /u/ before main verb phrase
* Negation -- adds the suffix -(ʉ)ho /-(ʉ)hɒ/ to the verb -- ''"do not study"'' or petʉpʉho
**Tense affixes come between the root verb and the progressive affix


==Vocabulary==
==Vocabulary==
Useful phrases
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! English !! Kukʉp || IPA
|-
| Welcome || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Hello (General greeting) || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| How are you? || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Reply to "how are you?" || * ("Still alive") || /’evɒ/
|-
| What's your name? || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| My name is ... || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Where are you from? || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| I'm from ... || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Pleased to meet you || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Good morning (Morning greeting) || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Good afternoon (Afternoon greeting) || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Good evening (Evening greeting) || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Goodbye (Parting phrase || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Good night || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Good luck! || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Cheers! Good health! (Toasts used when drinking) || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Bon appetit/ Have a nice meal || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| I understand || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| I don't understand || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Yes || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| No || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Maybe || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| I don't know || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Please speak more slowly || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Please write it down || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Do you speak English? || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Do you speak Kukʉp?|| * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Yes, a little (reply to "Do you speak...?") || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Speak to me in *** || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| How do you say ... in ***? || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Excuse me || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| How much is this? || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Sorry || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Please || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Thank you || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Reply to thank you || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Where's the toilet? || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| I love you || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Get well soon || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Help! || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Fire! || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Stop! || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Christmas and New Year greetings || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Easter greetings || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| Birthday greetings || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| One language is never enough || * || /’evɒ/
|-
| My hovercraft is full of eels || * || /’evɒ/
|}


===See also===
===See also===
Z2a
354

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