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Kukʉp: Difference between revisions
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|fam2 =Ongo Xeutyhuflone | |fam2 =Ongo Xeutyhuflone | ||
|fam3 = | |fam3 = | ||
|ancestor = | |ancestor =Akʉlehe | ||
|script =Ongo (Kukʉp alphabet) | |script =Ongo (Kukʉp alphabet) | ||
|creator =[[User:Z2a|z2a]] | |creator =[[User:Z2a|z2a]] | ||
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!Person | !Person | ||
|child | |child | ||
|Suffix: '''- | |Suffix: '''-(o)t''' /-(ɒ)t/<br />'''nevot''' /'nevɒt/ | ||
|children | |children | ||
|Suffix: '''-( | |Suffix: '''-(e)'''' /-(e)ʔ/<br />'''nevo'''' /'nevɒʔ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Land | !Land | ||
|tree | |tree | ||
|Suffix: '''-( | |Suffix: '''-(e)v''' /-(e)v/<br />'''erkuv''' /'ɛɾkuv/ | ||
|trees | |trees | ||
|Suffix: '''-( | |Suffix: '''-(u)wi''' /-(u)wi/<br />'''erkuwi''' /ɛɾ’kuwi/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Sea | !Sea | ||
|fish | |fish | ||
|Suffix: '''-(o) | |Suffix: '''-(o)t''' /-(o)t/<br />'''kuret''' /’kuɾɛt/ | ||
|fishes | |fishes | ||
|Suffix: '''-( | |Suffix: '''-(o)'o''' /-(o)ʔo/<br />'''kure’o ''' /ku'ɾɛʔo/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Sky | !Sky | ||
|bird | |bird | ||
|Suffix: '''- | |Suffix: '''-(u)p''' /-(u)p/<br />'''roip''' /'ɾoip/ | ||
|birds | |birds | ||
|Suffix: '''-( | |Suffix: '''-(ɒ)v''' /-(ɒ)v/<br />'''roiv''' /’ɾoiv/ | ||
|} | |} | ||
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!Person | !Person | ||
|the [child] | |the [child] | ||
|''' | |'''kit''' /kit/ | ||
|the [children] | |the [children] | ||
|''' | |'''kit''' /kit/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Land | !Land | ||
|the [tree] | |the [tree] | ||
|''' | |'''men''' /men/ | ||
|the [trees] | |the [trees] | ||
|''' | |'''men''' /men/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Sea | !Sea | ||
|the [fish] | |the [fish] | ||
|''' | |'''ket''' /kɛt/ | ||
|the [fishes] | |the [fishes] | ||
|''' | |'''ket''' /kɛt/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Sky | !Sky | ||
|the [bird] | |the [bird] | ||
|''' | |'''ting''' /tiŋ/ | ||
|the [birds] | |the [birds] | ||
|''' | |'''ting''' /tiŋ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="4"|Ergative | ! rowspan="4"|Ergative | ||
!Person | !Person | ||
|the [child] | |the [child] | ||
|''' | |'''wit''' /wit/ | ||
|the [children] | |the [children] | ||
|''' | |'''vin''' /win/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Land | !Land | ||
|the [tree] | |the [tree] | ||
|''' | |'''man''' /man/ | ||
|the [trees] | |the [trees] | ||
|''' | |'''wen''' /wen/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Sea | !Sea | ||
|the [fish] | |the [fish] | ||
|''' | |'''kow''' /kow/ | ||
|the [fishes] | |the [fishes] | ||
|''' | |''''ak''' /ʔat/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Sky | !Sky | ||
|the [bird] | |the [bird] | ||
|''' | |'''tin''' /tin/ | ||
|the [birds] | |the [birds] | ||
|'''' | |'''no'''' /noʔ/ | ||
|} | |} | ||
Uses of definite article that differ from English: | |||
*Used to talk about countable nouns in general: English's ‘I like cats’ would translate to ‘I like the cats’ | |||
*Not used for mass (uncountable) nouns: English's ‘Walking in the mud’ would always translate to ‘Walking in mud’ | |||
*Used for languages: ‘The English’ | |||
*Used with place names: ‘The London’ | |||
====Indefinite Article==== | ====Indefinite Article==== | ||
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!1st. Singular | !1st. Singular | ||
|I | |I | ||
|'''lo''' / | |'''lo''' /lɒ/ | ||
|me | |me | ||
|''' | |'''le''' /lɛ/ | ||
|mine | |mine | ||
|''' | |'''li''' /li/ | ||
|to me | |to me | ||
|'''lo | |'''lo li''' /lɒ li/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!2nd. Singular | !2nd. Singular | ||
|you | |you | ||
|''' | |'''po''' /po/ | ||
|you | |you | ||
|''' | |'''pem''' /pem/ | ||
|yours | |yours | ||
|''' | |'''pep''' /pɛp/ | ||
|to you | |to you | ||
|''' | |'''po li''' /po li/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!3rd. Singular | !3rd. Singular | ||
|he/she/it | |he/she/it | ||
|''' | |'''vit''' /wit/ | ||
|him/her/it | |him/her/it | ||
|''' | |'''ven''' /wɛn/ | ||
|his/hers/its | |his/hers/its | ||
|''' | |'''vem''' /wem/ | ||
|to him/her/it | |to him/her/it | ||
|''' | |'''vit li''' /wit li/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!1st. Plural | !1st. Plural | ||
|we | |we | ||
|''' | |'''he''' /hɛ/ | ||
|us | |us | ||
|''' | |'''hup''' /hup/ | ||
|ours | |ours | ||
|''' | |'''hu''' /hu/ | ||
|to us | |to us | ||
|''' | |'''he li''' /hɛ li/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!2nd. Plural | !2nd. Plural | ||
|you | |you | ||
|''' | |'''rok''' /ɾot/ | ||
|you | |you | ||
|''' | |'''rov''' /ɾov/ | ||
|yours | |yours | ||
|''' | |'''ro'''' /ɾoʔ/ | ||
|to you | |to you | ||
|''' | |'''rok li''' /ɾot li/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!3rd. Plural | !3rd. Plural | ||
|they | |they | ||
|''' | |'''i''' /i/ | ||
|them | |them | ||
|''' | |'''in''' /in/ | ||
|theirs | |theirs | ||
|''' | |''''in''' /ʔin/ | ||
|to them | |to them | ||
|''' | |'''i li''' /i li/ | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
Kukʉp verbs don't use | Kukʉp verbs don't use indicative mood (past, present, or future tense). Instead, those details are determined through context. | ||
* Perfect aspect -- uses the word ''''reletʉ'''' before the main verb -- ''"have studied"'' or reletʉ petʉp | |||
* Progressive aspect -- | * Progressive aspect -- uses the word ''''tip'''' before the main verb -- ''"am studying"'' or tip petʉp | ||
* Imperative -- | * Imperative -- uses the word '''' ni' '''' before the main verb -- ''"study!" (as a command)'' or ni' petʉp | ||
* Negation -- | * Negation -- adds the suffix -(ʉ)ho /-(ʉ)hɒ/ to the verb -- ''"do not study"'' or petʉpʉho | ||
**Tense affixes come between the root verb and the progressive affix | |||
==Vocabulary== | ==Vocabulary== | ||