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===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
Kieng has short and long versions of the following monophthongs (except for /ə/ which only occurs in unstressed syllables). Long vowels are marked with a following ''h''. | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | ||
! | | ! | | ||
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Plurals are formed with ''nto-'', so: ''Ntonßäht'' (trees), ''Ntonßähtem'' (of trees), ... | Plurals are formed with ''nto-'', so: ''Ntonßäht'' (trees), ''Ntonßähtem'' (of trees), ... | ||
Old | Old Kieng used ''-er'' as an accusative and ''-el'' for both the illative and inessive. | ||
===Article=== | ===Article=== | ||
The equivalent of the definite article in | The equivalent of the definite article in Kieng is a classifier (as in Hmong), but it's placed after the noun and carries the case marker. The noun before a classifier is prescriptively in the genitive case, but it's often dropped. | ||
* ''Nßäht koþem'' (presc. and in older | * ''Nßäht koþem'' (presc. and in older Kieng ''Nßähtem koþem'') 'of the tree' | ||
* ''Nßähtem'' 'of a tree' | * ''Nßähtem'' 'of a tree' | ||
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==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
The unmarked word order in | The unmarked word order in Kieng is SVO. Due to the influence of [[Tsjoen]], Modern Kieng is quite strict about it (though objects could be fronted for emphasis). | ||
Serial verbs are also common in | Serial verbs are also common in Kieng; all verbs but the last in a serial verb chain are in the ablative. | ||
''Mpa fiuntens lei'' = He came and spoke. | ''Mpa fiuntens lei'' = He came and spoke. | ||
[[Category:Pseudo-Germanic]] | [[Category:Pseudo-Germanic]] | ||