Linguifex

User:IlL/Spare pages 1/51: Difference between revisions

User page Discussion

User:IlL/Spare pages 1/51 (view source)

Revision as of 20:48, 20 January 2018

188 bytes added ,  20 January 2018
m
no edit summary
mNo edit summary
mNo edit summary
Line 1: Line 1:
[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Lexicon]]<br/>
[[{{FULLFULLPAGENAME}}/Lexicon]]<br/>
[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Swadesh list]]<br/>
[[{{FULLFULLPAGENAME}}/Swadesh list]]<br/>
[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Names]]<br/>
[[{{FULLFULLPAGENAME}}/Names]]<br/>


{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|image =  
|image =  
|imagesize =  
|imagesize =  
|setting = {{PAGENAME}}verse
|setting = {{FULLPAGENAME}}verse
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|name = {{FULLPAGENAME}}
|nativename = ''an {{PAGENAME}}''
|nativename = ''an {{FULLPAGENAME}}''
|pronunciation=  [ə ˈʃtʃoːʟʊ]
|pronunciation=  [ə ˈʃtʃoːʟʊ]
|region = Talma
|region = Talma
Line 22: Line 22:
}}
}}


'''{{PAGENAME}}''' is a [[Talmic languages|Talmic language]] inspired by Irish. In Tricin, it is somewhat an analogue of German in terms of influence and grammar. {{PAGENAME}} is an official language of Sċôla and Sċôlan colonies and is the second-largest Talmic language in terms of number of speakers. Like most modern Talmic languages, {{PAGENAME}} is a descendant of [[Thensarian]]. It is spoken on the northwest coast of the continent of Etalocin (called ''Eħa'' /ˈɛħə/ in {{PAGENAME}}) on the planet of Clotricin. Thanks in large part to the printing press, Modern {{PAGENAME}} rapidly gained prominence over a larger area in Northern Talma and came to serve as a lingua franca for northern mainland Talma. Today, {{PAGENAME}} still enjoys status as a "cultured" language and is one of the most widely taught foreign languages.
'''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' is a [[Talmic languages|Talmic language]] inspired by Irish. In Tricin, it is somewhat an analogue of German in terms of influence and grammar. {{FULLPAGENAME}} is an official language of Sċôla and Sċôlan colonies and is the second-largest Talmic language in terms of number of speakers. Like most modern Talmic languages, {{FULLPAGENAME}} is a descendant of [[Thensarian]]. It is spoken on the northwest coast of the continent of Etalocin (called ''Eħa'' /ˈɛħə/ in {{FULLPAGENAME}}) on the planet of Clotricin. Thanks in large part to the printing press, Modern {{FULLPAGENAME}} rapidly gained prominence over a larger area in Northern Talma and came to serve as a lingua franca for northern mainland Talma. Today, {{FULLPAGENAME}} still enjoys status as a "cultured" language and is one of the most widely taught foreign languages.


Originally I called this language ''Tíogall'', or variants, and it was a thought experiment posing the question "What would Irish look like with umlaut instead of palatalization?". For a while it developed as an Irish-German hybrid. At one point I decided to remove all "giblangs" from modern Tricin, or languages with the aesthetics of one natlang (unless the premise was funny, like [[Bhadhagha]] or [[Phormatolidin]]). Since Tíogall was basically an Irish with German characteristics, it was abandoned. I still decided that Talmic languages needed somewhat more internal diversity (in particular, a "German" analogue to Eevo's "English"), so I decided to revive this project. Since I don't want a German analogue to be so obviously Hiberno-German, this time I'm eschewing obviously German features in the aesthetic such as front rounded vowels, and I'm trying a somewhat Old English aesthetic. Also grammar-wise, while keeping a somewhat Celtic grammar (e.g. mutations, head-initial syntax), I'm playing with decidedly non-Celtic grammatical features such as split-ergativity (which was in my original Tíogall), and a singulative-collective-plurative system, and an imperfective-perfective aspectual distinction.
Originally I called this language ''Tíogall'', or variants, and it was a thought experiment posing the question "What would Irish look like with umlaut instead of palatalization?". For a while it developed as an Irish-German hybrid. At one point I decided to remove all "giblangs" from modern Tricin, or languages with the aesthetics of one natlang (unless the premise was funny, like [[Bhadhagha]] or [[Phormatolidin]]). Since Tíogall was basically an Irish with German characteristics, it was abandoned. I still decided that Talmic languages needed somewhat more internal diversity (in particular, a "German" analogue to Eevo's "English"), so I decided to revive this project. Since I don't want a German analogue to be so obviously Hiberno-German, this time I'm eschewing obviously German features in the aesthetic such as front rounded vowels, and I'm trying a somewhat Old English aesthetic. Also grammar-wise, while keeping a somewhat Celtic grammar (e.g. mutations, head-initial syntax), I'm playing with decidedly non-Celtic grammatical features such as split-ergativity (which was in my original Tíogall), and a singulative-collective-plurative system, and an imperfective-perfective aspectual distinction.
Line 64: Line 64:
*The ending ''-aigh/-igh'' is pronounced /ɨ/.
*The ending ''-aigh/-igh'' is pronounced /ɨ/.


===Note on the Anglicization of {{PAGENAME}}===
===Note on the Anglicization of {{FULLPAGENAME}}===
The {{PAGENAME}} liquids ''r'' and ''l'' are consistently mapped to /r/ and /l/. (This is in fact a legitimate pronunciation in {{PAGENAME}} provided you always velarize the /l/ as in American English.)
The {{FULLPAGENAME}} liquids ''r'' and ''l'' are consistently mapped to /r/ and /l/. (This is in fact a legitimate pronunciation in {{FULLPAGENAME}} provided you always velarize the /l/ as in American English.)


The following mapping for vowels is recommended:
The following mapping for vowels is recommended:
Line 71: Line 71:
/a aː ɛ eː ɪ iː ɔ ɵː ʊ ʉː œ øː ʏ yː iə yə uə aw ɛj ɛw œj œw ɛ:j ɛ:w œ:j œ:w iəw yəw yəj uəj/ → /æ ɑː ɛ eɪ ɪ iː ɑ oʊ ʊ uː ɛ eɪ ɪ iː iːə iːə uːə aʊ aɪ aʊ eɪ oʊ eɪ oʊ eɪ oʊ iːə iːə iːə uːə/
/a aː ɛ eː ɪ iː ɔ ɵː ʊ ʉː œ øː ʏ yː iə yə uə aw ɛj ɛw œj œw ɛ:j ɛ:w œ:j œ:w iəw yəw yəj uəj/ → /æ ɑː ɛ eɪ ɪ iː ɑ oʊ ʊ uː ɛ eɪ ɪ iː iːə iːə uːə aʊ aɪ aʊ eɪ oʊ eɪ oʊ eɪ oʊ iːə iːə iːə uːə/


For {{PAGENAME}} post-tonic /ð/, the pronunciation /ð/ is recommended, but /d/ is also allowed for ease of pronunciation.
For {{FULLPAGENAME}} post-tonic /ð/, the pronunciation /ð/ is recommended, but /d/ is also allowed for ease of pronunciation.


For onset clusters that are disallowed in English, such as /tn/, we allow the addition of an epenthetic /ə/.
For onset clusters that are disallowed in English, such as /tn/, we allow the addition of an epenthetic /ə/.
Line 80: Line 80:


==Orthography==
==Orthography==
[[File:{{PAGENAME}} script.png|thumbnail|{{PAGENAME}} script]]
[[File:{{FULLPAGENAME}} script.png|thumbnail|{{FULLPAGENAME}} script]]


{{PAGENAME}} is written in the Talmic script, which is written from left to right. The letters ''ħ'' /h/, ''j'' /j/ and ''v'' /v/ are used in [[Netagin]] and other loanwords. The letter ''h'' is used for lenition as in Irish. So the {{PAGENAME}} alphabet is usually considered to have 23 letters (''r d z i a ħ f l m g c h b s v o j ŋ t n p e u'') (disregarding digraphs and length diacritics).
{{FULLPAGENAME}} is written in the Talmic script, which is written from left to right. The letters ''ħ'' /h/, ''j'' /j/ and ''v'' /v/ are used in [[Netagin]] and other loanwords. The letter ''h'' is used for lenition as in Irish. So the {{FULLPAGENAME}} alphabet is usually considered to have 23 letters (''r d z i a ħ f l m g c h b s v o j ŋ t n p e u'') (disregarding digraphs and length diacritics).


The native orthography is extremely conservative and in part reflects Old Eevo pronunciation. The romanization used in this article reflects the native spelling.
The native orthography is extremely conservative and in part reflects Old Eevo pronunciation. The romanization used in this article reflects the native spelling.


===Numerals===
===Numerals===
Written {{PAGENAME}} uses a base-12 positional numeral system.
Written {{FULLPAGENAME}} uses a base-12 positional numeral system.


*digits: ɔ ı ʎ ɺ ħ ʕ ʑ ɛ ɴ κ ə ʋ = 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 X E
*digits: ɔ ı ʎ ɺ ħ ʕ ʑ ɛ ɴ κ ə ʋ = 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 X E
Line 120: Line 120:
*''éa, ó, ói'' > ''ia, ua, uai''
*''éa, ó, ói'' > ''ia, ua, uai''


===Old Eevo to Modern {{PAGENAME}}===
===Old Eevo to Modern {{FULLPAGENAME}}===
*aspirated stops start to become fricatives: /mʰ pʰ bʰ tʰ dʰ kʰ gʰ fʰ sʰ/ > /ʍ f v θ ð x ɣ h h/  
*aspirated stops start to become fricatives: /mʰ pʰ bʰ tʰ dʰ kʰ gʰ fʰ sʰ/ > /ʍ f v θ ð x ɣ h h/  
*prenasalized stops coalesce
*prenasalized stops coalesce
Line 140: Line 140:


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
''Étaoin'' (Standard) {{PAGENAME}} is defined by a set of grammar rules, rather than by an accent (as long as it is intelligible to the majority of {{PAGENAME}} speakers). Certain defined phonemes and phonetic processes can be observed within Standard {{PAGENAME}} which in turn display diaphonemic variation based on the accent region.
''Étaoin'' (Standard) {{FULLPAGENAME}} is defined by a set of grammar rules, rather than by an accent (as long as it is intelligible to the majority of {{FULLPAGENAME}} speakers). Certain defined phonemes and phonetic processes can be observed within Standard {{FULLPAGENAME}} which in turn display diaphonemic variation based on the accent region.


The following describes {{PAGENAME}} as spoken in ''Smeola'', the capital of Duínidhe which is often called the "Duínidhe accent".
The following describes {{FULLPAGENAME}} as spoken in ''Smeola'', the capital of Duínidhe which is often called the "Duínidhe accent".
===Stress===
===Stress===
In native words, primary stress usually falls on the first syllable, except for some inflected prepositions. In loans, stress may not be initial; in that case, vowels before the stressed syllable are ''not'' reduced.
In native words, primary stress usually falls on the first syllable, except for some inflected prepositions. In loans, stress may not be initial; in that case, vowels before the stressed syllable are ''not'' reduced.


===Consonants===
===Consonants===
{{PAGENAME}} has a relatively average consonant inventory of around 25 consonants. The phonology is unusual for having two liquids that do not distinguish "rhoticity".
{{FULLPAGENAME}} has a relatively average consonant inventory of around 25 consonants. The phonology is unusual for having two liquids that do not distinguish "rhoticity".


{| class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="text-align:center;"
|+ '''{{PAGENAME}} consonants'''
|+ '''{{FULLPAGENAME}} consonants'''
|-
|-
!colspan="2"| !! Labial !! Dental/Alveolar !! Palatal !! Velar !! Uvular !! Glottal
!colspan="2"| !! Labial !! Dental/Alveolar !! Palatal !! Velar !! Uvular !! Glottal
Line 219: Line 219:
*An initial /ʔ/ can be added to null initials (but is not mandatory).
*An initial /ʔ/ can be added to null initials (but is not mandatory).
*Voiceless stops are aspirated syllable-initially; voiced stops devoice after voiceless sounds.
*Voiceless stops are aspirated syllable-initially; voiced stops devoice after voiceless sounds.
*Smeola {{PAGENAME}} has a form of Auslautverhärtung: voicing is neutralized for word-final stops but not word-final fricatives.
*Smeola {{FULLPAGENAME}} has a form of Auslautverhärtung: voicing is neutralized for word-final stops but not word-final fricatives.
*/n, t, d, θ, ð/ are usually dental [n̪, t̪, d̪, θ, ð].
*/n, t, d, θ, ð/ are usually dental [n̪, t̪, d̪, θ, ð].
*/s, z/ are laminal alveolar [s, z].  
*/s, z/ are laminal alveolar [s, z].  
Line 284: Line 284:


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
{{PAGENAME}} has a vowel system with a complexity comparable to that of German, with 7 basic vowel qualities with a tense-lax distinction, and the effects of L-vocalization.
{{FULLPAGENAME}} has a vowel system with a complexity comparable to that of German, with 7 basic vowel qualities with a tense-lax distinction, and the effects of L-vocalization.


{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="text-align:center;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="text-align:center;"
|+ '''{{PAGENAME}} vowels'''
|+ '''{{FULLPAGENAME}} vowels'''
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" |
! rowspan="3" |
Line 345: Line 345:
|}
|}


<sup>1</sup> /ʉː, ɵː/ retain fully back allophones [uː, oː] before /ɾ~l/ in some accents, especially in Sceola {{PAGENAME}}.
<sup>1</sup> /ʉː, ɵː/ retain fully back allophones [uː, oː] before /ɾ~l/ in some accents, especially in Sceola {{FULLPAGENAME}}.




Line 354: Line 354:


====''L''-colored vowels====
====''L''-colored vowels====
L-colored vowels and diphthongs result from combinations of any vowels or diphthongs with the back liquid /ʟ/ (phonetic values are as in Smeola {{PAGENAME}}):
L-colored vowels and diphthongs result from combinations of any vowels or diphthongs with the back liquid /ʟ/ (phonetic values are as in Smeola {{FULLPAGENAME}}):


* /iː/, /iə/ + /ʟ/ > /iʟ/ [iɤˁ]
* /iː/, /iə/ + /ʟ/ > /iʟ/ [iɤˁ]
Line 420: Line 420:


===Prosody===
===Prosody===
{{PAGENAME}} has a distinctive intonation paradigm. Within said paradigm, some accents (e.g. Smeola) can sound like a stereotypical Cork accent, while some accents (e.g. Óc Eo) sound more like Valspeak.
{{FULLPAGENAME}} has a distinctive intonation paradigm. Within said paradigm, some accents (e.g. Smeola) can sound like a stereotypical Cork accent, while some accents (e.g. Óc Eo) sound more like Valspeak.
*In declarative sentences, the stressed syllable of the focus word (if there is no focused constituent, the last word) has a lower pitch than the immediately preceding syllable. ("...mid ꜜ LOW mid...") This originates from discursive uptalk in older forms of {{PAGENAME}}, which has since generalized to all declarative sentences. A few accents, such as Tumacan accents, do not use this pattern.
*In declarative sentences, the stressed syllable of the focus word (if there is no focused constituent, the last word) has a lower pitch than the immediately preceding syllable. ("...mid ꜜ LOW mid...") This originates from discursive uptalk in older forms of {{FULLPAGENAME}}, which has since generalized to all declarative sentences. A few accents, such as Tumacan accents, do not use this pattern.
*In interrogative sentences, the stressed syllable of the focus word has a higher pitch than the syllable immediately before. ("... mid ꜛ HIGH mid ... ?")
*In interrogative sentences, the stressed syllable of the focus word has a higher pitch than the syllable immediately before. ("... mid ꜛ HIGH mid ... ?")
*In exclamations, the pattern is "... mid ꜜ LOW-HIGH mid ... !", possibly with a gradual drop to low pitch in the end. Angry or indignant questions also use an exclamatory intonation.
*In exclamations, the pattern is "... mid ꜜ LOW-HIGH mid ... !", possibly with a gradual drop to low pitch in the end. Angry or indignant questions also use an exclamatory intonation.


==Dialectology==
==Dialectology==
{{PAGENAME}} is subject to a fair amount of accentual and dialectal variation due to the number of speakers.
{{FULLPAGENAME}} is subject to a fair amount of accentual and dialectal variation due to the number of speakers.


/ʉː, ɵː/ retain fully back allophones before /ɾ~l/ in some accents, especially in Duínidhean accents.
/ʉː, ɵː/ retain fully back allophones before /ɾ~l/ in some accents, especially in Duínidhean accents.
Line 511: Line 511:


===Phormatin accent===
===Phormatin accent===
The majority accent of {{PAGENAME}} native speakers in Phormatin is a lot like Éise, except most notably the short vowels /ɛ œ ɔ/ raise to /ɪ ʏ ʊ/ before nasals and /ʟ/. Lax vowels are also slightly laxer than in Éise; Éise speakers often hear Phormatian lax vowels as schwas. <!--inspiration: Canada, New Zealand 'fush and chups' -->
The majority accent of {{FULLPAGENAME}} native speakers in Phormatin is a lot like Éise, except most notably the short vowels /ɛ œ ɔ/ raise to /ɪ ʏ ʊ/ before nasals and /ʟ/. Lax vowels are also slightly laxer than in Éise; Éise speakers often hear Phormatian lax vowels as schwas. <!--inspiration: Canada, New Zealand 'fush and chups' -->


==="Stage {{PAGENAME}}"===
==="Stage {{FULLPAGENAME}}"===
So-called "Stage {{PAGENAME}}" is a semi-artificial standard developed for use in classical singing and other elevated stage performances.
So-called "Stage {{FULLPAGENAME}}" is a semi-artificial standard developed for use in classical singing and other elevated stage performances.


*/ʟ/ is always pronounced [ɫ]
*/ʟ/ is always pronounced [ɫ]
Line 522: Line 522:
*/ɨ/ is pronounced [ɪ]
*/ɨ/ is pronounced [ɪ]


===Early Modern {{PAGENAME}}===
===Early Modern {{FULLPAGENAME}}===
*''ae/ái, aoi, ao'' were pronounced /ɛː, œː, ɔː/ as opposed to ''é, ói, ó'' /eː, øː, oː/; these two sets have merged to /eː, øː, ɵː/ in most modern dialects.
*''ae/ái, aoi, ao'' were pronounced /ɛː, œː, ɔː/ as opposed to ''é, ói, ó'' /eː, øː, oː/; these two sets have merged to /eː, øː, ɵː/ in most modern dialects.
*/ɨ/ was pronounced [ɪ].
*/ɨ/ was pronounced [ɪ].
Line 604: Line 604:


===Adjectives===
===Adjectives===
{{PAGENAME}} adjectives have three principal parts: the predicative (the unmarked form), the masculine absolute plural form and the feminine absolute plural form.
{{FULLPAGENAME}} adjectives have three principal parts: the predicative (the unmarked form), the masculine absolute plural form and the feminine absolute plural form.


The predicative determines:
The predicative determines:
Line 670: Line 670:
{| class="greentable lightgreenbg " style=" text-align: center;"
{| class="greentable lightgreenbg " style=" text-align: center;"
|-
|-
|+ '''{{PAGENAME}} personal pronouns'''
|+ '''{{FULLPAGENAME}} personal pronouns'''
|-
|-
!|
!|
Line 687: Line 687:


====Politeness====
====Politeness====
In archaic usage, ''séid'' is used as an honorific pronoun when speaking to a person of high social standing. In modern {{PAGENAME}}, this usage is restricted to e.g.:
In archaic usage, ''séid'' is used as an honorific pronoun when speaking to a person of high social standing. In modern {{FULLPAGENAME}}, this usage is restricted to e.g.:
* books, movies, games, ... when depicting the past or past-like settings (such as historical fiction or fantasy)
* books, movies, games, ... when depicting the past or past-like settings (such as historical fiction or fantasy)
* when addressing a deity or a king
* when addressing a deity or a king
* in BDSM contexts when a "slave" refers to their "master".
* in BDSM contexts when a "slave" refers to their "master".


In modern {{PAGENAME}}, ''fiar'' and ''séid'' are used for family members, friends, children or teens, animals, people on the Internet, or to address people of lower social position, and ''dTlá'' is used to an addressee of higher position and for strangers; for example, it is considered acceptable for a professor to address his students, or for a boss his employees, using familiar pronouns.
In modern {{FULLPAGENAME}}, ''fiar'' and ''séid'' are used for family members, friends, children or teens, animals, people on the Internet, or to address people of lower social position, and ''dTlá'' is used to an addressee of higher position and for strangers; for example, it is considered acceptable for a professor to address his students, or for a boss his employees, using familiar pronouns.


====Correlatives====
====Correlatives====
Line 752: Line 752:


===Verbs===
===Verbs===
[[Old Eevo]] had a verb system with complex alternations, almost comparable to that of Old Irish. Modern {{PAGENAME}} simplified this system substantially, leaving behind a mixture of synthetic forms (used without a subject pronoun) and analytic forms (used with a subject noun or pronoun), similar to the Modern Irish system. However, many basic verbs are irregular, with many "principal parts"; some common verbs even retain the Old Eevo allomorphy between independent and dependent forms.
[[Old Eevo]] had a verb system with complex alternations, almost comparable to that of Old Irish. Modern {{FULLPAGENAME}} simplified this system substantially, leaving behind a mixture of synthetic forms (used without a subject pronoun) and analytic forms (used with a subject noun or pronoun), similar to the Modern Irish system. However, many basic verbs are irregular, with many "principal parts"; some common verbs even retain the Old Eevo allomorphy between independent and dependent forms.


Ex:
Ex:
Line 848: Line 848:
<sup>1</sup> The buffer ''-e-'' is added when the previous consonant is a cluster, r or l.
<sup>1</sup> The buffer ''-e-'' is added when the previous consonant is a cluster, r or l.


The ''-igh'' ending in analytic forms must be deleted when a preverbal particle such as ''ní'' 'not', ''ri'' 'REL', ''bhfá'' 'COMP': ''molaigh hú'' 'he thanks', but ''ní mhol hú'' 'he does not thank'. For verbs that have a separate stem for imperatives, the imperative stem is used with a preverbal particle. The ''-igh'' may also be deleted or added in poetry. This is a remnant of Middle {{PAGENAME}} where there was a distinction between ''molamh hú'' 'he thanks (once)' (dependent ''mola hú'' or ''mol hú'') and ''molaigh hú'' 'he thanks (regularly)'.
The ''-igh'' ending in analytic forms must be deleted when a preverbal particle such as ''ní'' 'not', ''ri'' 'REL', ''bhfá'' 'COMP': ''molaigh hú'' 'he thanks', but ''ní mhol hú'' 'he does not thank'. For verbs that have a separate stem for imperatives, the imperative stem is used with a preverbal particle. The ''-igh'' may also be deleted or added in poetry. This is a remnant of Middle {{FULLPAGENAME}} where there was a distinction between ''molamh hú'' 'he thanks (once)' (dependent ''mola hú'' or ''mol hú'') and ''molaigh hú'' 'he thanks (regularly)'.


====Present progressive====
====Present progressive====
Line 862: Line 862:
====Preterite tense====
====Preterite tense====


The suffix ''-ín'' is added to the preterite stem to form the past participle. The subject is preceded by an ergative marker ''lu''. For the impersonal the subject is simply omitted. This is the standard way of forming the preterite in ''Étaoin'' {{PAGENAME}}.
The suffix ''-ín'' is added to the preterite stem to form the past participle. The subject is preceded by an ergative marker ''lu''. For the impersonal the subject is simply omitted. This is the standard way of forming the preterite in ''Étaoin'' {{FULLPAGENAME}}.


:'''''Déicín luc rúin.'''''
:'''''Déicín luc rúin.'''''
Line 883: Line 883:
The jussive is mainly used for third-person imperatives and sometimes to specify a wish or a requirement.
The jussive is mainly used for third-person imperatives and sometimes to specify a wish or a requirement.


Modern {{PAGENAME}} just uses ''molúr'' in every person: ''molúr ná'', ''mólúr fiar'', etc. The passive form is ''molrúr''.
Modern {{FULLPAGENAME}} just uses ''molúr'' in every person: ''molúr ná'', ''mólúr fiar'', etc. The passive form is ''molrúr''.


This form uses ''dá''-L for the negative, not ''tir''-L.
This form uses ''dá''-L for the negative, not ''tir''-L.
Line 1,025: Line 1,025:


===Derivational morphology===
===Derivational morphology===
Below are some common {{PAGENAME}} derivational affixes. In addition to derivational affixes, {{PAGENAME}} uses compound nouns like German; also, some productive prefixes has been re-analyzed into existence from Old Eevo prefix combinations. This allowed {{PAGENAME}} to coin new native words instead of using loanwords.
Below are some common {{FULLPAGENAME}} derivational affixes. In addition to derivational affixes, {{FULLPAGENAME}} uses compound nouns like German; also, some productive prefixes has been re-analyzed into existence from Old Eevo prefix combinations. This allowed {{FULLPAGENAME}} to coin new native words instead of using loanwords.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="text-align:center;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="text-align:center;"
|-
|-
Line 1,086: Line 1,086:


==Syntax==
==Syntax==
:''Main article: [[{{PAGENAME}}/Syntax]]''
:''Main article: [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Syntax]]''
==Vocabulary==
==Vocabulary==
{{PAGENAME}} is relatively purist; most {{PAGENAME}} vocabulary is of Talmic origin. However, a non-trivial fraction of the vocabulary is loaned from Netagin (either [[Classical Netagin]] or [[Koine Netagin]]) and, to a lesser extent, Clofabic. Most recently, [[Clofabosin]] words are entering the language, mostly in the domains of information technology and culture.
{{FULLPAGENAME}} is relatively purist; most {{FULLPAGENAME}} vocabulary is of Talmic origin. However, a non-trivial fraction of the vocabulary is loaned from Netagin (either [[Classical Netagin]] or [[Koine Netagin]]) and, to a lesser extent, Clofabic. Most recently, [[Clofabosin]] words are entering the language, mostly in the domains of information technology and culture.


===Colors===
===Colors===
Line 1,196: Line 1,196:


==Other resources==
==Other resources==
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Talmic languages]]
[[Category:Talmic languages]]
[[Category:Quihum languages]]
[[Category:Quihum languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]
IlL
139,767

edits

Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/98889"