|
|
(10 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) |
Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| [[{{PAGENAME}}/Lexicon|Lexicon]]<br/>[[{{PAGENAME}}/Sandbox|Sandbox]]
| | Indo-European pseudo-Hmong? |
|
| |
|
| {{Infobox language
| | -g -Ø -m -s -b -v -j -d = cases |
| |image =
| |
| |imagesize =
| |
| |creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]]
| |
| |name = {{PAGENAME}}
| |
| |setting = [[User:IlL/Hussmauch|Hussmauch]]
| |
| |nativename = ''Wieber-Müđel''
| |
| |pronunciation= /jiʔ˨ mɔŋ˩˧/
| |
| |region = Wiebermien
| |
| |familycolor=PfK
| |
| |fam1= [[Pfeuno-K'aitian languages|Pfeuno-K'aitian]]
| |
| |fam2= [[Pfeunic languages|Pfeunic]]
| |
| |fam3= [[Wiebian|Wiebic]]
| |
| |script=Wiebian script (read: Fraktur gib. Because German)
| |
| |iso3=qwb
| |
| |notice=IPA
| |
| }}
| |
|
| |
|
| '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (''brits Tşwer'' in Rhythoed, ''śwer Gein'' in Feiden) is a Dapkhan language with a large number of tones. {{PAGENAME}} is inspired by Hmong and Hungarian.
| | (nom, voc, acc, gen, dat, instr, loc, abl) |
| | |
| ==Todo==
| |
| | |
| Should be Dapkhan rather than Quihum
| |
| | |
| Clicks have to go
| |
| | |
| ==Numbers==
| |
| *1: ''wahm'' /jɛŋ21/
| |
| *2: ''disser'' /tʂɨ41/
| |
| *3: ''narg'' /nɛʔ33/
| |
| *4: ''đauf'' /ǃy41/
| |
| *5: ''säl'' /si21/
| |
| *6: ''stuhm'' /tʂɔŋ55/
| |
| *7: ''rut'' /ʔɔʔ11/
| |
| *8: ''lerz'' /laː41/
| |
| *9: ''pfarb'' /pʰɛʔ44/
| |
| *10: ''kier'' /kʰiː55/
| |
| | |
| ==Historical phonology==
| |
| ===Middle Wiebian===
| |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
| |
| |+'''Middle Wiebian initials'''
| |
| ! colspan="2"|
| |
| !Labial
| |
| !Alveolar
| |
| !Retroflex
| |
| !Click
| |
| !Velar
| |
| !Glottal
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2"|Nasal
| |
| ! | <small>voiceless</small>
| |
| |/m̊/
| |
| |/n̊/
| |
| |/ɳ̊/
| |
| |/ŋ̊!/
| |
| |/ŋ̊/
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! | <small>voiced</small>
| |
| |/m/
| |
| |/n/
| |
| |/ɳ/
| |
| |/ŋ!/
| |
| |/ŋ/
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="3"|Stop
| |
| ! | <small>tenuis</small>
| |
| |/p/
| |
| |/t/
| |
| |/ʈ/
| |
| |/ǃ/
| |
| |/k/
| |
| |/ʔ/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! | <small>aspirated</small>
| |
| |/pʰ/
| |
| |/tʰ/
| |
| |/ʈʰ/
| |
| |/ǃʰ/
| |
| |/kʰ/
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! | <small>voiced</small>
| |
| |/b/
| |
| |/d/
| |
| |/ɖ/
| |
| |/ɡǃ/
| |
| |/ɡ/
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2"|Spirants
| |
| ! | <small>voiceless</small>
| |
| |/f/
| |
| |/θ/
| |
| |
| |
| |/ɧ/
| |
| |/x/
| |
| |/h/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! | <small>voiced</small>
| |
| |
| |
| |/ð/
| |
| |
| |
| |/ɧ̬/
| |
| |/ɣ/
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2"|Sibilants
| |
| ! | <small>voiceless</small>
| |
| |
| |
| |/s/
| |
| |/ʂ/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! | <small>voiced</small>
| |
| |
| |
| |/z/
| |
| |/ʐ/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2"|Approximant
| |
| ! | <small>voiceless</small>
| |
| |/ʍ/
| |
| |/l̥/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! | <small>voiced</small>
| |
| |/w/
| |
| |/l/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| | |
| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
| |
| |+ '''Middle Wiebian vowels'''
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="3" style="width: 90px; "|
| |
| ! colspan="4" style="width: 180px; " |Front
| |
| ! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Central
| |
| ! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Back
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |<small>unrounded</small>
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |<small>rounded</small>
| |
| |-
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Close
| |
| | /i/
| |
| | /iː/
| |
| | /y/
| |
| | /yː/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | /u/
| |
| | /uː/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Mid
| |
| | /e/
| |
| | /eː/
| |
| | /ø/
| |
| | /øː/
| |
| |
| |
| | /əː/
| |
| | /ɔ/
| |
| | /oː/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Open
| |
| | /æ/
| |
| | /æː/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | /ɑ/
| |
| | /ɑː/
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| Diphthongs: /ai au oy ja je iːa jaː wa wo uːa waː ɥa ɥø yːa ɥaː aiɐ auɐ oyɐ/
| |
| | |
| Tones:
| |
| *(-p m)
| |
| *(-p b)
| |
| *(-p g)
| |
| *(+p m)
| |
| *(+p b)
| |
| *(+p g)
| |
| | |
| ===Final changes===
| |
| | |
| *Vowels lengthen before ŋ: ɑŋ æŋ eŋ iŋ oŋ øŋ uŋ yŋ > ɑːŋ æːŋ eːŋ iːŋ oːŋ øːŋ uːŋ yːŋ
| |
| *-ŋ! > -ŋ
| |
| *stops > ʔ; nasals > ŋ
| |
| ===Retroflex/slender split===
| |
| *ɑ merger with ɔ, ɑː merger with aː
| |
| *ai ~ iː > iː in open syllables, aː in closed syllables
| |
| *a(ː) ~ ja(ː) > a(ː)
| |
| *e ~ je/i > ei
| |
| *əː ~ eː > ɛ
| |
| *au ~ ay > ɔ
| |
| *o(ː) ~ ø(ː) > œ
| |
| *u(ː) ~ y(ː) > y
| |
| *u(ː)a ~ y(ː)a > uː
| |
| *uo ~ yø > ou
| |
| *aiɐ ~ iːa > ja
| |
| *auɐ ~ oyɐ > wa
| |
| *ʔ > ʔ / r
| |
| *k > k / t͡ɕ
| |
| *ʈ > k / tʂ
| |
| *θ > ʂ / t
| |
| *! > ! / |
| |
| *ɧ > r / r
| |
| *t > tʂ / ts
| |
| *p > p / pj
| |
| *n > ɳ / n
| |
| *ɳ > ŋ
| |
| *l > l / l or j depending on dialect
| |
| *r > l
| |
| | |
| ==Phonemic inventory==
| |
| In this article, the phonemic values are also given in a pinyin.
| |
| | |
| ===Initials===
| |
| | |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
| |
| |+'''Feisen Wiebian initials'''
| |
| !rowspan="2" colspan="2"|
| |
| !colspan="2" |Labial
| |
| !rowspan="2" |Dental
| |
| !rowspan="2" |Alveolar
| |
| !rowspan="2" |Retroflex
| |
| !colspan="2" |Click
| |
| !rowspan="2" |Palatal
| |
| !rowspan="2" |Velar
| |
| !rowspan="2" |Glottal
| |
| |-
| |
| ! | <small>plain</small>
| |
| ! | <small>pal.</small>
| |
| ! | <small>dental</small>
| |
| ! | <small>retroflex</small>
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2"|Nasal
| |
| |'''m''' /m/ || '''mj''' /mʲ/
| |
| |colspan="2"|'''n''' /n/
| |
| |
| |
| |'''nzy''' /ŋǀ/ || '''ny''' /ŋ!/
| |
| |
| |
| |'''ng''' /ŋ/
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2"|Stop/Affricate
| |
| ! | <small>tenuis</small>
| |
| |'''b''' /p/ || '''bj''' /pʲ/
| |
| |'''dz''' /ts/ || '''d''' /t/
| |
| |'''dzs''' /ʈʂ/
| |
| |'''dzy''' /ǀ/ || '''gy''' /ǃ/
| |
| |'''dzj''' /tɕ/
| |
| |'''g''' /k/
| |
| |/ʔ/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! | <small>aspirated</small>
| |
| |'''p''' /pʰ/
| |
| |'''pj''' /pʰʲ/
| |
| |'''c''' /tsʰ/ ||'''t''' /tʰ/
| |
| |'''cs''' /ʈʂʰ/
| |
| |'''cy''' /ǀʰ/||'''ty''' /ǃʰ/
| |
| |'''cj''' /tɕʰ/
| |
| |'''k''' /kʰ/
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2"|Fricative
| |
| |'''f''' /f/ ||
| |
| |'''sz''' /s/ ||
| |
| |'''s''' /ʂ/
| |
| | ||
| |
| |'''szj''' /ɕ/
| |
| |'''ch''' /x/
| |
| |'''h''' /h/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2"|Approximant
| |
| |'''w''' /w/ ||
| |
| |colspan="2"|'''l''' /l/
| |
| | ||
| |
| |
| |
| |'''j''' /j/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ===Vowels===
| |
| | |
| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
| |
| |+ '''{{PAGENAME}} vowels'''
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="width: 90px; "|
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="width: 180px; " |Front
| |
| ! rowspan="1" colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Central
| |
| ! rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="width: 90px; " |Back
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="1" style="width: 90px; " |<small>unrounded</small>
| |
| ! colspan="1" style="width: 90px; " |<small>rounded</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Close
| |
| | '''i''' /i/
| |
| | '''ü''' /y/
| |
| | [ɨ]
| |
| | [ɨː]
| |
| | '''u''' /u/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Mid
| |
| | '''e''' /ɛ/
| |
| | '''ö''' /œ/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | '''o''' /ɔ/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Open
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | '''a''' /a/
| |
| | '''á''' /aː/
| |
| |
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| Diphthongs: '''é ő ó''' /ei øy ou/; /eiŋ øyŋ ouŋ/ = [eŋ~ẽĩ øŋ~ø̃ỹ oŋ~õũ]
| |
| | |
| Allowed finals -w, -j, -ʔ, -ŋ; øj, øw > øy. The pinyin indicates the nasal final by doubling the vowel letter.
| |
| | |
| ;Notes
| |
| | |
| */i/ and /y/ retract to [ɨ] after retroflexes and retroflex clicks.
| |
| *Glottal stop and nasal finals may assimilate to the next consonant.
| |
| | |
| ===Tones===
| |
| Feisen Wiebian has 10 tones.
| |
| | |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="text-align: center;"
| |
| |+ '''{{PAGENAME}} tone reflexes from Middle Wiebian (1 = lowest; 5 = highest)'''
| |
| ! colspan="2"|
| |
| ! | Modal final
| |
| ! | Breathy final
| |
| ! | Glottalized final
| |
| ! | Stop final
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2" | Voiceless initial
| |
| ! | <small>-phar</small>
| |
| | '''-Ø''' 55
| |
| | '''-s''' 53
| |
| | '''-t''' 44
| |
| | '''-tt''' ʔ44
| |
| |-
| |
| ! | <small>+phar</small>
| |
| | '''-l''' 424
| |
| | '''-f''' 35
| |
| |rowspan="2"| '''-d''' 33
| |
| |rowspan="2"| '''-dd''' ʔ33
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2" | Voiced initial
| |
| ! | <small>-phar</small>
| |
| | '''-n''' 21
| |
| | '''-z''' 31
| |
| |-
| |
| ! | <small>+phar</small>
| |
| | '''-z''' 31
| |
| | '''-v''' 13
| |
| | '''-b''' 11
| |
| | '''-bb''' ʔ11
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ==Morphology==
| |
| ===Nouns===
| |
| ===Adjectives===
| |
| ===Verbs===
| |
| ==Syntax==
| |
| [[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:Wiebic languages]][[Category:Pfeunic languages]][[Category:Pfeuno-K'aitian languages]][[Category:Hussmauch]]
| |