Kwenya Greek: Difference between revisions
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'''Kwenya''' ( | '''Kwenya''' (''kwenyá'', κοινή) is a Hellenic language spoken in Irta. | ||
==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
==Proto-Kwenya== | == Diachronics == | ||
=== Proto-Kwenya === | |||
Essentially OTL's Koine Greek, η οι = /e{{raised}} ø/ | |||
=== Old Kwenya === | |||
η ω → iə uə | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
*μ ν γγ = /m n ŋ/ (γκ γχ = / | *μ ν γγ = /m n ŋ:/ (γκ γχ = /ŋ: ŋkʰ/) | ||
*π τ κ = /p t k/ | *π τ κ = /p t k/ | ||
*β δ = / | *β δ = /β{{lowered}} ð{{lowered}}/ | ||
*φ θ χ = /pʰ tʰ kʰ/ | *φ θ χ = /pʰ tʰ kʰ/ | ||
*σ γ = /s h/ | *σ γ = /s h/ | ||
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===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
α ε ι ο υ η ω αι ει ευ ια ιο οι ου = /a ə i o wi ja | α ε ι ο υ η ω αι ει ευ ια ιο οι ου = /a ə i o wi ja wa e i ju ja jo we ɨ/ {{angbr|a ë i o wi ya wa e i yu ya yo we u}} | ||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
====Stress==== | ====Stress==== | ||
====Intonation==== | ====Intonation==== | ||
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Kwenya lost gender. | Kwenya lost gender. | ||
====Cases==== | ====Cases==== | ||
====Possessive suffixes==== | ====Possessive suffixes==== | ||
γλώσσαμου, γλώσσασου, γλώσσατου, γλώσσαμων, γλώσσασων, γλώσσατων = my language, ... | |||
===Adjectives=== | ===Adjectives=== | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!|male | !|male | ||
|καλος<br/>kalor||καλοι<br/>kale | |καλος<br/>kalor | ||
|rowspan=2|καλοι<br/>kale | |||
|- | |- | ||
!|female | !|female | ||
|καλη<br/>kalya | |καλη<br/>kalya | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|inanimate | !|inanimate | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!|male | !|male | ||
| | |καλοςων<br/>kalorun | ||
|rowspan=2|καλοντες<br/>kalontër | |||
|- | |- | ||
!|female | !|female | ||
|καληρα<br/>kalyara | |καληρα<br/>kalyara | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|inanimate | !|inanimate | ||
Line 299: | Line 98: | ||
{{col-break}} | {{col-break}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+ ευγενης 'gentlemanly' (3nd decl.) | |+ ευγενης 'gentlemanly/ladylike' (3nd decl.) | ||
|- | |- | ||
!| !! Singular !! Plural | !| !! Singular !! Plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|male | !|male | ||
|ευγενης<br/>yuhënyar||ευγενεις<br/>yuhënir | |ευγενης<br/>yuhënyar | ||
|rowspan=2|ευγενεις<br/>yuhënir | |||
|- | |- | ||
!|female | !|female | ||
|ευγενης<br/>yuhënyar | |ευγενης<br/>yuhënyar | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|inanimate | !|inanimate | ||
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+ ευγενης 'gentlemanly' (3nd decl.); past tense | |+ ευγενης 'gentlemanly/ladylike' (3nd decl.); past tense | ||
|- | |- | ||
!| !! Singular !! Plural | !| !! Singular !! Plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|male | !|male | ||
| | |ευγενηςων<br/>yuhënyarun | ||
|rowspan=2|ευγενειντες<br/>yuhënintër | |||
|- | |- | ||
!|female | !|female | ||
|ευγενηςα<br/>yuhënyara | |ευγενηςα<br/>yuhënyara | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|inanimate | !|inanimate | ||
| | |ευγενεςον<br/>yuhënëron||ευγενηντα<br/>yuhënyanta | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|attributive | !|attributive | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!|male | !|male | ||
|φαγων<br/>phahun||φαγοντες<br/>phahontër | |φαγων<br/>phahun | ||
|rowspan=2|φαγοντες<br/>phahontër | |||
|- | |- | ||
!|female | !|female | ||
|φαγουςα<br/>phahũra | |φαγουςα<br/>phahũra | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|inanimate | !|inanimate | ||
Line 377: | Line 179: | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|male | !|male | ||
|φαγας<br/>phahar||φαγαντες<br/>phahantër | |φαγας<br/>phahar | ||
|rowspan=2|φαγαντες<br/>phahantër | |||
|- | |- | ||
!|female | !|female | ||
|φαγαςα<br/>phahara | |φαγαςα<br/>phahara | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|inanimate | !|inanimate | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!|male | !|male | ||
|φαγομενος<br/>phahomënor||φαγομενοι<br/> | |φαγομενος<br/>phahomënor | ||
|rowspan=2|φαγομενοι<br/>phahomëne | |||
|- | |- | ||
!|female | !|female | ||
|φαγομενη<br/>phahomënya | |φαγομενη<br/>phahomënya | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|inanimate | !|inanimate | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!|male | !|male | ||
|φαγομενοςων<br/>phahamënorun||φαγαμενοντες<br/>phahamënontër | |φαγομενοςων<br/>phahamënorun | ||
|rowspan=2|φαγαμενοντες<br/>phahamënontër | |||
|- | |- | ||
!|female | !|female | ||
|φαγομενηςα<br/>phahamënyara | |φαγομενηςα<br/>phahamënyara | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|inanimate | !|inanimate |
Latest revision as of 14:21, 11 March 2023
Kwenya (kwenyá, κοινή) is a Hellenic language spoken in Irta.
Introduction
Diachronics
Proto-Kwenya
Essentially OTL's Koine Greek, η οι = /e̝ ø/
Old Kwenya
η ω → iə uə
Phonology
Orthography
Consonants
- μ ν γγ = /m n ŋ:/ (γκ γχ = /ŋ: ŋkʰ/)
- π τ κ = /p t k/
- β δ = /β̞ ð̞/
- φ θ χ = /pʰ tʰ kʰ/
- σ γ = /s h/
- ζ = /z/
- ϝ ρ/ς λ = /w ɾ l/
Vowels
α ε ι ο υ η ω αι ει ευ ια ιο οι ου = /a ə i o wi ja wa e i ju ja jo we ɨ/ ⟨a ë i o wi ya wa e i yu ya yo we u⟩
Prosody
Stress
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Nouns
Kwenya nouns have the following template:
STEM-case.number-(possessive suffix)
Kwenya lost gender.
Cases
Possessive suffixes
γλώσσαμου, γλώσσασου, γλώσσατου, γλώσσαμων, γλώσσασων, γλώσσατων = my language, ...
Adjectives
Adjectives have an attributive form and predicative forms that agree by number, animacy and gender. They also have past tense and imperative forms like verbs. also -wir, -ia, -wi < ύς-εία-ύ
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|
Verbs
Two voices: active, passive
Principal parts: present stem, past stem
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|
Numbers
All numbers are indeclinable:
1-10: ën, dwi, trya, tëttar, pënta, ëksa, ëpta, ohta, ënnya, dëka
11-20: ëndyutrũ, dwidyutru, ..., ikori (< hen deuterou, dyo deuterou, ... "one of the second [ten], two of the second [ten], ..." cf. Estonian üks·teist, kaks·teist, ...)
100: ëkaton
1000: khilya
Syntax
Constituent order
Kwenya syntax is similar to Finnish.