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*[[{{PAGENAME}}/Lexicon]]
*[[{{PAGENAME}}/Swadesh list]]
*[[{{PAGENAME}}/Names]]
*[[{{PAGENAME}}/Phrasebook]]


{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]]
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|nativename = ''Tsjoen-naet''
|pronunciation=  /tʂœn nɛt/
|setting = [[Verse:Tricin]]
|region = Bjeheond
|familycolor=American
|fam1= Wiobic
|script={{PAGENAME}} script
|iso3=
|notice=IPA
}}
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (English: /tʃərn/ ''chern''; native name: ''Tsjoen-naet'' /tʂœn nɛt/) is an official language in Tsjoen-Gjeost and several other countries, and a lingua franca in [[Verse:Bjeheond|Bjeheond]].
==Todo==
===Avoid===
*''feok'', ''keont''
===To translate===
*[http://yoanaj.co.il/uploadimages/The_Little_Prince.pdf The Little Prince]
==Orthography==
==Phonology==
Tsjoen has an average-sized (~25, depending on who's counting) consonant inventory and a rather large (10) vowel inventory.
===Consonants===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 700px; text-align: center;"
|+ '''{{PAGENAME}} consonants'''
! colspan="2" |  
!  | Labial
!  | Alveolar
!  | Lateral
!  | Medial
!  | Palatal
!  | Velar
!  | Glottal
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Nasal
| '''m''' /m/
| '''n''' /n/
|
|
|
| '''ng''' /ŋ/
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Plosive
! | <small>voiceless</small>
| '''p''' /p/
| '''t''' /t/
|
|
| '''tj''' /t͡ɕ/
| '''k''' /k/
|
|-
! | <small>voiced</small>
| '''b''' /b/
| '''d''' /d/
|
|
| '''dj''' /d͡ʑ/
| '''g''' /g/
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Fricative
! | <small>voiceless</small>
| '''f''' /f/
| '''s''' /s/
|
| '''sj''' /ɧ/
| '''hj''' /ç/
|
| '''h''' /h/
|-
! | <small>voiced</small>
| '''v''' /v/
| '''z''' /z/
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Affricate
|
| '''ts''' /ts/
|
| '''tsj''' /tʂ/
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Resonant
| '''w''' /w/
| '''r''' /r/
| '''l''' /l/
| '''zj''' /ɹ/
| '''j''' /j/
|
|
|}
====Notes====
*'''t d h''' are pronounced like '''tj dj hj''' before /i/ and /y/.
===Vowels===
Tsjoen has 10 vowel phonemes. There are no diphthongs.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |Front
! colspan="2" |Back
|-
! style="width: 45px; " |<small>unrounded</small>
! style="width: 45px; " |<small>rounded</small>
! style="width: 45px; " |<small>unrounded</small>
! style="width: 45px; " |<small>rounded</small>
|-
! style="" |Close
| '''i''' /i/
| '''y''' /y/
| '''eu''' /ɯ/
| '''u''' /u/
|-
! style="" |Close-mid
| '''e''' /e/
|rowspan="2"|'''oe''' /ø~œ/
|
| '''o''' /o/
|-
! style="" |Open-mid
| '''ae''' /ɛ/
|colspan="2"|'''eo''' /ʌ~ɔ/
|-
! style="" |Open
|
|
| '''a''' /a/
|
|}
Some linguists consider ''eu'' to actually be a non-palatalizing allophone of ''i''.
''eo'' is reduced to [ə] in unstressed syllables.
===Stress===
Stress is always initial.
===Phonotactics===
*The most common roots are C(v/j)V, C(v/j)VC(C), C(v/j)VC(C)V, C(v/j)VC(C)VC. (The initial C(v/j) is optional)
*/ji, jɯ, vɯ, vu/ are prohibited.
*Initial /ŋ/ is prohibited, as in both Sino-Korean and Swedish.
===Intonation===
==Morphology==
==Syntax==
===Basic typology===
Tsjoen grammar is mostly analytic and SVXO. Genitives and adjectives precede nouns: relative clauses follow nouns. Both pre- and postpositions are used.
:''Xi taek oseor eukng ti fjuxt.''
:I speak of love and hate.
:''Hveol ngeo mul kjom xi hi?''
:Are you saving it for me?
:''Baheod tjaleo.''
:Eagles exist.
===Noun phrases===
#''$NOUN'' can mean both 'a $NOUN' and '$NOUNs'; in general, number distinctions cannot be made without a classifier.
#''CLF $NOUN'' means 'the $NOUN' or 'the $NOUNs'; the number depends on whether the classifier is singular or plural.
#''bae $CLF $NOUN'' means 'this $NOUN'; ''hjeo $CLF $NOUN'' means 'that $NOUN'.
#''$ADJ $NOUN'' and ''$VERB fo $NOUN'' means 'an $ADJ $NOUN' or 'a $NOUN that $VERBs'.
#''$NOUN CLF $REL_CLAUSE'' = 'a $NOUN $REL_CLAUSE; see the section on clauses.
#(With numbers) ''$NOUN $N CLF'' = '$N $NOUN(s)'; ''CLF $NOUN $N CLF'' = 'the $N $NOUN(s)''.
===Verb phrases===
Grammaticalization happens readily in Tsjoen, as evinced by the sheer number of auxiliaries and particles in the language.
====TAM====
Lots of TAM particles
*progressive ''va'' < "be at/in" like Celtic
*non-immediate future ''ho'' < "mean to"
*almost < "approach"
*overdo < "cross"
*take the initiative to < "take"
*try X-ing < "taste"
*may < "get"
*please < "be pleased to"
====Serial verbs?====
===Clauses===
The copula is ''o''.
====Relative clauses====
Resumptive pronoun: ''lje''
==Miscellaneous==
===Poetry===
A Tsjoen meter is a set number of syllables per line, commonly with a division of each line into (usually two) sub-lines of certain lengths.
Alliteration is essential in Tsjoen poetry; traditionally, one creates a sense of rhythm by using alliteration in certain patterns such as:
# the beginning syllables of sub-lines, e.g. in the pattern a ... | a ... or a ... | [...] | a ...
# syllables within lines or sub-lines, e.g. a a a _ ‖ b b b _ ‖ c c c _ ‖ d d d _
# the above two may be combined, e.g. a _ a ... | b _ b ... ‖ b _ b ... | c _ c ... ‖ c _ c ... | d _ d ...
Non-traditional assonance schemes are used in modern poetry and in whimsical, quasi-Hofstadterian "riddle poems".
An example of a couplet with 4+4-lines:
<poem>
'''''Ts'''als ftjud txeob reodj ‖ '''ts'''op hjaeg jeopng'';
'''''d'''usp ny mjav pnje, ‖ '''d'''vots lats fjeltjar.''
</poem>
"Telegraphic" syntax à la Classical Chinese, i.e. not using classifiers and grammatical particles, is relatively common in "classical" poetry.
==Sample texts==
''Otsn, xi-ingk o Saxmatezj Svad, ti xi-blotp o Tsjoen-blotp.''
[[Category:Mustlup languages]]
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Tricin]]

Latest revision as of 01:03, 10 May 2023