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User:IlL/Spare pages 1/40: Difference between revisions

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{{DEFAULTSORT:English, IlL}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:English, IlL}}
The following is the pronunciation standard I aspire to; it is somewhat Philadelphian but also has other influences.


This is the (partly artificial) pronunciation standard I aspire to; it can be described as "slightly poshed-up Philadelphian".
TODO: still editing. e.g. I'm rhotic like most Philly speakers
TODO: vowels before L (appall = a pole, full = fool)
{{IPA keys}}
{{IPA keys}}
{| style="background:none"
{| style="background:none"
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|-
|-
|<big>d</big>
|<big>d</big>
| align=left|'''d'''ye, ca'''d''', '''d'''o, a'''dd'''ed
| align=left|'''d'''ye, ca'''d''', '''d'''o, '''d'''ue, a'''dd'''ed, '''d'''rink
|-
|-
|<big>ð</big>
|<big>ð</big>
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|-
|-
|<big>d͡ʒ</big>
|<big>d͡ʒ</big>
| align=left|'''g'''iant, ba'''dge''', '''j'''am, '''d'''ue, '''d'''rink
| align=left|'''g'''iant, ba'''dge''', '''j'''am
|-
|-
|<big>f</big>
|<big>f</big>
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|<big>ŋ</big>
|<big>ŋ</big>
| align=left|sa'''ng''', tha'''n'''k, si'''n'''king, runni'''ng'''
| align=left|sa'''ng''', tha'''n'''k, si'''n'''king, runni'''ng'''
|-
|<big>ŋɡ</big>
| align=left|fi'''ng'''er, a'''ng'''er, si'''ng'''er
|-
|-
|<big>θ</big>
|<big>θ</big>
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|<big>t; tʰ</big>
|<big>t; tʰ</big>
| align=left|s'''t'''y, ca'''t''', '''t'''ime, '''t'''on, '''t'''une
| align=left|s'''t'''y, ca'''t''', '''t'''ime, '''t'''on, '''t'''une
|-
|<big>ɾ</big>
| align=left|pa'''tt'''y, migh'''t'''y
|-
|-
|<big>t͡ʃ; t͡ʃʰ</big>
|<big>t͡ʃ; t͡ʃʰ</big>
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|-
|-
|<big>ʔ</big>
|<big>ʔ</big>
| align=left|uh'''-'''oh
| align=left|uh'''-'''oh, ki'''tt'''en
|}
|}
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |
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! [[wikipedia:Help:IPA|IPA]] !! lax  !! [[wikipedia:Help:IPA|IPA]] !! tense
! [[wikipedia:Help:IPA|IPA]] !! lax  !! [[wikipedia:Help:IPA|IPA]] !! tense
|-
|-
|<big>æ</big>
|<big>æ~a</big>
| align=left|tr'''a'''p, p'''a'''d, l'''au'''gh, m'''a'''rry
| align=left|tr'''a'''p, p'''a'''d, m'''a'''rry, line'''a'''rity, '''a'''nimal, d'''a'''mage, dyn'''a'''mic, p'''a'''ssive, t'''a'''ffy, p'''a'''thos
|<big>ɑ</big>
|<big>eə̯</big>
| align=left|p'''a'''lm, f'''a'''ther, d'''o'''t, '''o'''rigin, c'''a'''n't (emphatic)
| align=left|'''a'''nt, c'''a'''mp, f'''a'''mily, h'''a'''lf, cr'''a'''ft, p'''a'''ss, l'''a'''st, b'''a'''th (see below)
|-
|-
| <big>ɛ</big>
| <big>ɛ</big>
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|-
|-
|<big>ɪ</big>
|<big>ɪ</big>
| align=left|k'''i'''ll, l'''i'''d, b'''i'''n, s'''y'''stem, happY after L, R
| align=left|k'''i'''ll, l'''i'''d, b'''i'''n, s'''y'''stem
|<big>i</big>
|<big>i</big>
| align=left|fl'''ea''', s'''ee'''d, rec'''ei'''ve, ach'''ie'''ve, encyclop'''e'''dia, f'''e'''tus, J'''e'''sus, other happY words
| align=left|s'''ee'''d, rec'''ei'''ve, ach'''ie'''ve, encyclop'''e'''dia, f'''e'''tus, J'''e'''sus, happ'''y'''
|-
|-
|<big>o~oə</big>
|<big>ɑ~ɒ</big>
| align=left|th'''ough'''t, d'''aw'''n, f'''a'''ll, p'''o'''le, '''o'''ff, l'''o'''ss, c'''o'''st, cl'''o'''th, d'''o'''g, l'''o'''ng
| align=left|p'''a'''lm, f'''a'''ther, p'''a'''sta, d'''o'''t, '''o'''range
|<big>oə~ʊə</big>
| align=left|th'''ough'''t, d'''aw'''n, f'''a'''ll, p'''o'''le, '''o'''ff, l'''o'''ss, c'''o'''st, cl'''o'''th, d'''o'''g, l'''o'''ng, '''o'''n (see CLOTH words below)
|-
|-
|<big>ʊ</big>
|<big>ʊ</big>
| align=left|g'''oo'''d, w'''o'''man, f'''oo'''l
| align=left|g'''oo'''d, w'''o'''man, f'''oo'''l, p'''u'''ll
|<big>ʉ; jʉ</big>
|<big>ʉ; jʉ</big>
| align=left|f'''oo'''d, ch'''ew''', d'''o''', thr'''ough'''; c'''u'''te, qu'''eue''', '''you''', n'''eu'''tral
| align=left|f'''oo'''d, ch'''ew''', d'''o''', thr'''ough'''; c'''u'''te, qu'''eue''', '''you''', n'''eu'''tral
|-
|<big>ɤ~ʌ~ə</big>
|! colspan="3" align=left| m'''u'''d, y'''ou'''ng, h'''u'''rry, t'''u'''rret, c'''u'''rrent, c'''u'''ll, g'''u'''llet
|-
|-
|<big>ə</big>
|<big>ə</big>
| align=left|comm'''a''', '''a'''ssume, m'''u'''d, y'''ou'''ng
|! colspan="3" align=left|comm'''a''', '''a'''ssume
|
| align=left|
|-
|-
! [[wikipedia:Help:IPA|IPA]] !! [[wikipedia:Diphthong|diphthongs]]  !! [[wikipedia:Help:IPA|IPA]] !![[wikipedia:Triphthong|triphthongs]]
! [[wikipedia:Help:IPA|IPA]]  
!colspan="3" align=left| Diphthongs and rhotic vowels
|-
|-
|<big>ɑɪ̯</big>
|<big>ɑj</big>
| align=left|r'''i'''de, p'''i'''le, '''I''', d'''ye''', b'''uy'''
| align=left|r'''i'''de, p'''i'''le, '''I''', d'''ye''', b'''uy'''
|<big>ɑɪ̯ɚ</big>
|<big>ʌj</big>
| align=left|h'''ire''', '''Ire'''land, ch'''oir''', b'''uyer'''
| align=left|sp'''i'''der, t'''igh'''t, t'''y'''pe
|-
|-
|<big>æʊ̯</big>
|<big>ɑɚ</big>
| align=left|c'''ow''', l'''ou'''d, b'''ough'''
|! colspan="3" align=left|c'''ar''', y'''ar'''d
|<big>æʊ̯ɚ</big>
| align=left|'''hour''', sh'''ower''', d'''our'''
|-
|-
|<big>eə̯</big>
|<big>æw</big>
|! colspan="3" align=left|h'''a'''m, m'''a'''n, (most BATH words in RP)
|! colspan="3" align=left|c'''ow''', l'''ou'''d, b'''ough'''
|-
|-
|<big>ɛj</big>
| align=left|s'''ay''', r'''ay'''s, v'''ague'''
|<big>ɪj</big>
|<big>ɪj</big>
| align=left| n'''a'''me, p'''ai'''n, w'''eigh'''t, r'''ai'''se
| align=left| n'''a'''me, p'''ai'''n, w'''eigh'''t, r'''ai'''se, fl'''ea'''
|<big>ɛɪ̯</big>
| align=left|betr'''ay''', r'''ay'''s
|-
|-
|<big>ɪɚ</big>
|<big>eɚ</big>
|! colspan="3" align=left|c'''are''', f'''air'''y, authorit'''ar'''ian
|-
|<big>iɚ</big>
|! colspan="3" align=left|b'''eer''', f'''ear''', s'''e'''rious, f'''ier'''ce, b'''ear'''d, h'''ere'''
|! colspan="3" align=left|b'''eer''', f'''ear''', s'''e'''rious, f'''ier'''ce, b'''ear'''d, h'''ere'''
|-
|-
|<big>oɪ̯</big>
|<big>oj~ʊj</big>
| align=left|ch'''oi'''ce, t'''oy''', c'''oi'''n
|! colspan="3" align=left|ch'''oi'''ce, t'''oy''', c'''oi'''n
|<big>oɪ̯ɚ</big>
|-
| align=left|empl'''oyer''', l'''awyer''', destr'''oyer'''
|<big>əw</big>
|! colspan="3" align=left|b'''o'''ne, g'''o''', g'''oa'''t, bl'''ow'''
|-
|<big>oɚ~ʊɚ</big>
|! colspan="3" align=left|n'''or'''th, c'''ore''', p'''oor'''
|-
|<big>joɚ</big>
|! colspan="3" align=left|c'''ure''', p'''ure'''
|-
|<big>ɚ</big>
|! colspan="3" align=left|f'''ur''', lett'''er'''
|-
|-
|<big>əʊ̯</big>
| align=left|b'''o'''ne, g'''o''', g'''oa'''t, bl'''ow'''
|<big>əʊ̯ə</big>
| align=left|m'''ower''', b'''oa''', N'''oah'''
|-
|-
! colspan="4" | [[wikipedia:Syllabic consonant|Syllabic consonants]]
! colspan="4" | [[wikipedia:Syllabic consonant|Syllabic consonants]]
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|}
|}
|}
|}
==Additional tense-A words==
*/æ/ before /m n f s θ/ in closed syllables, except ''am, and, can (verb), began, ran, swam'', in words that are not abbreviations of words with lax /æ/
**e.g. ''answer, ant, can't, trample, example, half, mass, past, bath''
*''calve, halve''
*''castle, fasten, raspberry''
*''glad, mad''
==CLOTH words==
*cough, doff, off, scoff, toff, trough, often
*croft, loft, oft, soft, toft
*coffer, offer, proffer
*office, coffee, toffee
*across, boss, cross, doss, dross, emboss, floss, fosse, gloss, hoss, lacrosse, loss, moss, Ross, toss
*Boston, foster, cost, frost, lost
*broth, cloth, froth, moth, sloth, wroth
*along, belong, long, oblong, song, strong, thong, throng, tong, wrong
*dog
*on and words with it: e.g. onward(s), onto, upon, thereon, whereon, hereon

Latest revision as of 01:03, 10 May 2023

The following is the pronunciation standard I aspire to; it is somewhat Philadelphian but also has other influences.

Consonants
IPA examples
b buy, cab, abbot
ç~ɦ hue, human, huge
d dye, cad, do, due, added, drink
ð thy, breathe, father
d͡ʒ giant, badge, jam
f fan, café, physics, laugh
ɡ guy, bag, yoghurt
h high, hot, who
ɦ~h ahead, behind
j yes, yacht
k; kʰ sky, crack, charisma; can, quite
ɫ lamp, sly, gal, alligator, feel, call
m my, smile, cam, slammed
ɱ symphony, circumvent
n nigh, snide, can, banned
ŋ sang, thank, sinking, running
θ thigh, maths, atheist
p; pʰ spy, cap, tapping; pin, pony, rapport
ɹ rye, try, very
s sigh, mass
ʃ shy, cash, emotion
t; tʰ sty, cat, time, ton, tune
ɾ patty, mighty
t͡ʃ; t͡ʃʰ catch, Portugal; China
v vie, have
w why, wine, question
x loch, jalapeño
z zoo, has, realise
ʒ equation, pleasure, vision, beige
ʔ uh-oh, kitten
Vowels
IPA lax IPA tense
æ~a trap, pad, marry, linearity, animal, damage, dynamic, passive, taffy, pathos eə̯ ant, camp, family, half, craft, pass, last, bath (see below)
ɛ dress, bed, fell, error, merry, again
ɪ kill, lid, bin, system i seed, receive, achieve, encyclopedia, fetus, Jesus, happy
ɑ~ɒ palm, father, pasta, dot, orange oə~ʊə thought, dawn, fall, pole, off, loss, cost, cloth, dog, long, on (see CLOTH words below)
ʊ good, woman, fool, pull ʉ; jʉ food, chew, do, through; cute, queue, you, neutral
ɤ~ʌ~ə mud, young, hurry, turret, current, cull, gullet
ə comma, assume
IPA Diphthongs and rhotic vowels
ɑj ride, pile, I, dye, buy ʌj spider, tight, type
ɑɚ car, yard
æw cow, loud, bough
ɛj say, rays, vague ɪj name, pain, weight, raise, flea
eɚ care, fairy, authoritarian
iɚ beer, fear, serious, fierce, beard, here
oj~ʊj choice, toy, coin
əw bone, go, goat, blow
oɚ~ʊɚ north, core, poor
joɚ cure, pure
ɚ fur, letter
Syllabic consonants
ɫ̩~əɫ awful, waffle, offal, squabble
m̩~əm rhythm, atom
n̩~ən button, even, Britain, often

Additional tense-A words

  • /æ/ before /m n f s θ/ in closed syllables, except am, and, can (verb), began, ran, swam, in words that are not abbreviations of words with lax /æ/
    • e.g. answer, ant, can't, trample, example, half, mass, past, bath
  • calve, halve
  • castle, fasten, raspberry
  • glad, mad

CLOTH words

  • cough, doff, off, scoff, toff, trough, often
  • croft, loft, oft, soft, toft
  • coffer, offer, proffer
  • office, coffee, toffee
  • across, boss, cross, doss, dross, emboss, floss, fosse, gloss, hoss, lacrosse, loss, moss, Ross, toss
  • Boston, foster, cost, frost, lost
  • broth, cloth, froth, moth, sloth, wroth
  • along, belong, long, oblong, song, strong, thong, throng, tong, wrong
  • dog
  • on and words with it: e.g. onward(s), onto, upon, thereon, whereon, hereon
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