User:IlL/Spare pages 1/40: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 01:03, 10 May 2023

The following is the pronunciation standard I aspire to; it is somewhat Philadelphian but also has other influences.

IPA Keys
Aelatha
Attian
Avendonian
Ayeri
Azimasi
Bemé
Biscayan
Brittainese
Central Isles Creole
Cet
Cha
Cruckeny
Enventian
Etlish
Etzeá
Evonish
Favlona
Guimin
Gwaxol
Hantza
Hemaluan
High Valyrian
Hraayan
Iaskyon
Izhkut
Jukpë
Kaikiwan
Keeltyewarem
Kihā́mmic
Kilīmos-sāîl
Knrawi
Koṭärt
Kunarek
Ludovian
Luthic
Logun
Lôppic
Maryan Coptic
Messinese
Mihousapeja
Millennish
Moshurian
Modern Coptic
Nawuhu
Old Yaraji
Oltic
Owaex
Pokht
Pomorian
Ponish
Qafesona
Qut
Rangyayo
Rulhilli
Sinatolean
Soc'ul'
Sudyrnish
Umbrean
Vairish

Consonants
IPA	examples
b	buy, cab, abbot
ç~ɦ	hue, human, huge
d	dye, cad, do, due, added, drink
ð	thy, breathe, father
d͡ʒ	giant, badge, jam
f	fan, café, physics, laugh
ɡ	guy, bag, yoghurt
h	high, hot, who
ɦ~h	ahead, behind
j	yes, yacht
k; kʰ	sky, crack, charisma; can, quite
ɫ	lamp, sly, gal, alligator, feel, call
m	my, smile, cam, slammed
ɱ	symphony, circumvent
n	nigh, snide, can, banned
ŋ	sang, thank, sinking, running
θ	thigh, maths, atheist
p; pʰ	spy, cap, tapping; pin, pony, rapport
ɹ	rye, try, very
s	sigh, mass
ʃ	shy, cash, emotion
t; tʰ	sty, cat, time, ton, tune
ɾ	patty, mighty
t͡ʃ; t͡ʃʰ	catch, Portugal; China
v	vie, have
w	why, wine, question
x	loch, jalapeño
z	zoo, has, realise
ʒ	equation, pleasure, vision, beige
ʔ	uh-oh, kitten

Vowels
IPA	lax	IPA	tense
æ~a	trap, pad, marry, linearity, animal, damage, dynamic, passive, taffy, pathos	eə̯	ant, camp, family, half, craft, pass, last, bath (see below)
ɛ	dress, bed, fell, error, merry, again
ɪ	kill, lid, bin, system	i	seed, receive, achieve, encyclopedia, fetus, Jesus, happy
ɑ~ɒ	palm, father, pasta, dot, orange	oə~ʊə	thought, dawn, fall, pole, off, loss, cost, cloth, dog, long, on (see CLOTH words below)
ʊ	good, woman, fool, pull	ʉ; jʉ	food, chew, do, through; cute, queue, you, neutral
ɤ~ʌ~ə	mud, young, hurry, turret, current, cull, gullet
ə	comma, assume
IPA	Diphthongs and rhotic vowels
ɑj	ride, pile, I, dye, buy	ʌj	spider, tight, type
ɑɚ	car, yard
æw	cow, loud, bough
ɛj	say, rays, vague	ɪj	name, pain, weight, raise, flea
eɚ	care, fairy, authoritarian
iɚ	beer, fear, serious, fierce, beard, here
oj~ʊj	choice, toy, coin
əw	bone, go, goat, blow
oɚ~ʊɚ	north, core, poor
joɚ	cure, pure
ɚ	fur, letter
Syllabic consonants
ɫ̩~əɫ	awful, waffle, offal, squabble
m̩~əm	rhythm, atom
n̩~ən	button, even, Britain, often

Additional tense-A words

/æ/ before /m n f s θ/ in closed syllables, except am, and, can (verb), began, ran, swam, in words that are not abbreviations of words with lax /æ/
- e.g. answer, ant, can't, trample, example, half, mass, past, bath
calve, halve
castle, fasten, raspberry
glad, mad

CLOTH words

cough, doff, off, scoff, toff, trough, often
croft, loft, oft, soft, toft
coffer, offer, proffer
office, coffee, toffee
across, boss, cross, doss, dross, emboss, floss, fosse, gloss, hoss, lacrosse, loss, moss, Ross, toss
Boston, foster, cost, frost, lost
broth, cloth, froth, moth, sloth, wroth
along, belong, long, oblong, song, strong, thong, throng, tong, wrong
dog
on and words with it: e.g. onward(s), onto, upon, thereon, whereon, hereon

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{DEFAULTSORT:English, IlL}}
-The following is the pronunciation standard I aspire to; it can be described as "standardized modern Philadelphian".
+The following is the pronunciation standard I aspire to; it is somewhat Philadelphian but also has other influences.
 {{IPA keys}}
@@ Line 106: / Line 106: @@
 ! [[wikipedia:Help:IPA|IPA]] !! lax  !! [[wikipedia:Help:IPA|IPA]] !! tense
 |-
-|<big>æ</big>
+|<big>æ~a</big>
-| align=left|tr'''a'''p, p'''a'''d, m'''a'''rry, line'''a'''rity
+| align=left|tr'''a'''p, p'''a'''d, m'''a'''rry, line'''a'''rity, '''a'''nimal, d'''a'''mage, dyn'''a'''mic, p'''a'''ssive, t'''a'''ffy, p'''a'''thos
 |<big>eə̯</big>
-| align=left|/æ/ before /m, n/, some BATH words in RP (see below)
+| align=left|'''a'''nt, c'''a'''mp, f'''a'''mily, h'''a'''lf, cr'''a'''ft, p'''a'''ss, l'''a'''st, b'''a'''th (see below)
 |-
 | <big>ɛ</big>
@@ Line 115: / Line 115: @@
 |-
 |<big>ɪ</big>
-| align=left|k'''i'''ll, l'''i'''d, b'''i'''n, s'''y'''stem, happY after /l/ or /r/
+| align=left|k'''i'''ll, l'''i'''d, b'''i'''n, s'''y'''stem
 |<big>i</big>
-| align=left|s'''ee'''d, rec'''ei'''ve, ach'''ie'''ve, encyclop'''e'''dia, f'''e'''tus, J'''e'''sus, other happY words
+| align=left|s'''ee'''d, rec'''ei'''ve, ach'''ie'''ve, encyclop'''e'''dia, f'''e'''tus, J'''e'''sus, happ'''y'''
 |-
-|<big>ɑ</big>
+|<big>ɑ~ɒ</big>
-| align=left|p'''a'''lm, f'''a'''ther, p'''a'''sta, d'''o'''t, '''o'''range, c'''a'''n't (emphatic)
+| align=left|p'''a'''lm, f'''a'''ther, p'''a'''sta, d'''o'''t, '''o'''range
-|<big>o~oə</big>
+|<big>oə~ʊə</big>
-| align=left|th'''ough'''t, d'''aw'''n, f'''a'''ll, p'''o'''le, '''o'''ff, l'''o'''ss, c'''o'''st, cl'''o'''th, d'''o'''g, l'''o'''ng, '''o'''n
+| align=left|th'''ough'''t, d'''aw'''n, f'''a'''ll, p'''o'''le, '''o'''ff, l'''o'''ss, c'''o'''st, cl'''o'''th, d'''o'''g, l'''o'''ng, '''o'''n (see CLOTH words below)
 |-
 |<big>ʊ</big>
@@ Line 129: / Line 129: @@
 | align=left|f'''oo'''d, ch'''ew''', d'''o''', thr'''ough'''; c'''u'''te, qu'''eue''', '''you''', n'''eu'''tral
 |-
-|<big>ɤ~ʌ</big>
+|<big>ɤ~ʌ~ə</big>
 |! colspan="3" align=left| m'''u'''d, y'''ou'''ng, h'''u'''rry, t'''u'''rret, c'''u'''rrent, c'''u'''ll, g'''u'''llet
 |-
@@ Line 150: / Line 150: @@
 |-
 |<big>ɛj</big>
-| align=left|s'''ay''', r'''ay'''s
+| align=left|s'''ay''', r'''ay'''s, v'''ague'''
 |<big>ɪj</big>
 | align=left| n'''a'''me, p'''ai'''n, w'''eigh'''t, r'''ai'''se, fl'''ea'''
@@ Line 160: / Line 160: @@
 |! colspan="3" align=left|b'''eer''', f'''ear''', s'''e'''rious, f'''ier'''ce, b'''ear'''d, h'''ere'''
 |-
-|<big>oj</big>
+|<big>oj~ʊj</big>
 |! colspan="3" align=left|ch'''oi'''ce, t'''oy''', c'''oi'''n
 |-
@@ Line 166: / Line 166: @@
 |! colspan="3" align=left|b'''o'''ne, g'''o''', g'''oa'''t, bl'''ow'''
 |-
-|<big>oɚ</big>
+|<big>oɚ~ʊɚ</big>
 |! colspan="3" align=left|n'''or'''th, c'''ore''', p'''oor'''
 |-
-|<big>joɚ~jɚ</big>
+|<big>joɚ</big>
 |! colspan="3" align=left|c'''ure''', p'''ure'''
 |-
@@ Line 189: / Line 189: @@
 |}
 ==Additional tense-A words==
-*calf, chaff, giraffe, graph, half, laugh, photograph, staff, telegraph
+*/æ/ before /m n f s θ/ in closed syllables, except ''am, and, can (verb), began, ran, swam'', in words that are not abbreviations of words with lax /æ/
-*calve, halve
+**e.g. ''answer, ant, can't, trample, example, half, mass, past, bath''
-*aft, after, craft, daft, draft/draught, graft, haft, laughter, raft, rafter, shaft
+*''calve, halve''
-*bath, lath, path
+*''castle, fasten, raspberry''
-*ass, brass, class, glass, grass, pass
+*''glad, mad''
-*ask, bask, basket, cask, casket, flask, mask/masque, rascal, task
-*clasp, gasp, grasp, hasp, rasp
-*aghast, avast, blast, cast, caste, contrast, fast, last, mast, past, repast, vast
-*bastard, caster, castor, dastard, disaster, ghastly, master, nasty, pasteurize, pastime, pastor, pastoral, pasture, plaster
-*castle, fasten, raspberry
 ==CLOTH words==
-*boff, coif, cough, doff, off, quaff, scoff, toff, trough, often
+*cough, doff, off, scoff, toff, trough, often
-*croft, loft, oft, soft, toft, waft
+*croft, loft, oft, soft, toft
+*coffer, offer, proffer
 *office, coffee, toffee
-*across, boss, cross, doss, dross, emboss, floss, fosse, gloss, hoss, lacrosse, loss, moss, Ross, sauce, toss
+*across, boss, cross, doss, dross, emboss, floss, fosse, gloss, hoss, lacrosse, loss, moss, Ross, toss
 *Boston, foster, cost, frost, lost
 *broth, cloth, froth, moth, sloth, wroth
 *along, belong, long, oblong, song, strong, thong, throng, tong, wrong
 *dog
-*on
+*on and words with it: e.g. onward(s), onto, upon, thereon, whereon, hereon