Haoli: Difference between revisions
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{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle" | {| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle" | ||
!colspan= " | !colspan= "2"| | ||
!'''Bilabial''' | !'''Bilabial''' | ||
!'''Labiodental''' | !'''Labiodental''' | ||
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!'''Glottal''' | !'''Glottal''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan=" | !rowspan="2"|'''Plosive''' | ||
! | !Voiceless | ||
|'''p''' /p/ | |'''p''' /p/ | ||
| | | | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | !Voiced | ||
|'''b''' /b/ | |'''b''' /b/ | ||
| | | | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | !colspan="2"|'''Nasal''' | ||
|'''m''' /m/ | |'''m''' /m/ | ||
| | | | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | !colspan="2"|'''Trill''' | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | !rowspan="2"|'''Fricative''' | ||
!Voiceless | |||
! | |||
| | | | ||
|'''f''' /f/ | |'''f''' /f/ | ||
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|'''h''' /h/ | |'''h''' /h/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | !Voiced | ||
| | | | ||
|'''v''' /v/ | |||
|'''ð''' /ð/ | |'''ð''' /ð/ | ||
| | | | ||
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| | | | ||
|'''gh''' /ɣ/ | |'''gh''' /ɣ/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan=" | !colspan="2"|'''Lateral Approximant''' | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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!rowspan="2"|'''Open-Mid''' | !rowspan="2"|'''Open-Mid''' | ||
!short | !short | ||
|'''e''' /ɛ/ '''u''' / | |'''e''' /ɛ/ '''u''' /u/ | ||
|'''o''' /ɔ/ | |'''o''' /ɔ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!long | !long | ||
|'''ee/ē''' /ɛː/ '''uu/ū''' / | |'''ee/ē''' /ɛː/ '''uu/ū''' /uː/ | ||
|'''oo/ō''' /ɔː/ | |'''oo/ō''' /ɔː/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!Third Person | !Third Person | ||
| | |veni || vene || vena || venic || venec || venac | ||
|} | |} | ||
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*Intrative | *Intrative | ||
*Subessive | *Subessive | ||
==Articles== | ==Articles== | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!Indefinite | !Indefinite | ||
| | | lidi || | ||
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan="2"|Feminine || Definite | !rowspan="2"|Feminine || Definite | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!Indefinite | !Indefinite | ||
| | | lede || | ||
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan="2"|Masculine || Definite | !rowspan="2"|Masculine || Definite | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!Indefinite | !Indefinite | ||
| | | lada || | ||
|} | |} | ||
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==Pre-Affixal Clitic Conjunctions== | ==Pre-Affixal Clitic Conjunctions== | ||
*'' | ===Coordinating Conjunctions=== | ||
*''jia'' – for | |||
*''je'' – and | *''je'' – and | ||
*''jue'' – but | *''jue'' – but | ||
*'' | *''aja'' – or | ||
*''bo'' - yet | *''bo'' - yet | ||
*''isjo'' - so | |||
Examples:<br> | Examples:<br> | ||
He listened and pondered.<br> | He listened '''and''' pondered.<br> | ||
''Kroai je'ajatoe | ''Kroai '''je''''ajatoe vena.''<br><br> | ||
===Correlative=== | |||
*''ajsi'' – rather than | |||
*''ngo'' - as much as | |||
*''laja'' – just as | |||
*''ghe'' - but also | |||
*''be'' - as | |||
Examples:<br> | |||
He was '''as''' selfless '''as''' the prophet Arin.<br> | |||
''Isatro eiþae vena '''be''''ven felefþen.''<br><br> | |||
==Table of Correlatives== | |||
[[Haoli/Table of Correlatives|Haoli Table of Correlatives]] | |||
=Syntax= | =Syntax= | ||
==Word Order Taturuc== | ==Word Order (Taturuc)== | ||
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|Proceeding Modifier | |Proceeding Modifier | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Sentence Order=== | ===Sentence Order=== | ||
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!'''English Translation''' | !'''English Translation''' | ||
!'''Word Order''' | !'''Word Order''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Vun Isatuð Tatur | |Vun Isatuð Tatur | ||
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|The Non-Egocentric/Submissive/Polite Form | |The Non-Egocentric/Submissive/Polite Form | ||
|O-V-S | |O-V-S | ||
|} | |} | ||
=Numbers= | |||
== | |||
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle" | {| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle" | ||
!colspan="3"|' | !colspan="9"|Haoliadh Maur (Haoli Numbers) | ||
|- | |||
!colspan="3"|[0-20] | |||
!colspan="3"|[20-40] | |||
!colspan="3"|20's [20-400] | |||
|- | |||
!Decimal !! Vigesimal !! Haoli !!Decimal !! Vigesimal !! Haoli !!Decimal !! Vigesimal !! Haoli | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |0 || 0 || mi || 20 || 10 || uv || 0 || 0 || mi | ||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |1 || 1 || edu || 21 || 11 || uvedu || 20 || 10 || uv | ||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |2 || 2 || ket ||22 || 12 || uvket || 40 || 20 || ketuv | ||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |3 || 3 || har ||23 || 13 || uvhar || 60 || 30 || haruv | ||
| | |- | ||
| | |4 || 4 || neg ||24 || 14 || uvneg || 80 || 40 || neguv | ||
| | |- | ||
|5 || 5 || ote ||25 || 15 || uvote || 100 || 50 || oteuv | |||
|- | |||
|6 || 6 || vat ||26 || 16 || uvvat || 120 || 60 || vatuv | |||
|- | |||
|7 || 7 || jet ||27 || 17 || uvjet || 140 || 70 || jetuv | |||
|- | |||
|8 || 8 || njol ||28 || 18 || uvnjol || 160 || 80 || njoluv | |||
|- | |||
|9 || 9 || reso ||29 || 19 || uvreso || 180 || 90 || resouv | |||
|- | |||
|10 || A || poi ||30 || 1A || uvpoi || 200 || A0 || poiuv | |||
|- | |||
|11 || B || ofu ||31 || 1B || uvofu || 220 || B0 || ofuuv | |||
|- | |||
|12 || C || ver ||32 || 1C || uvver || 240 || C0 || veruv | |||
|- | |||
|13 || D || los ||33 || 1D || uvlos || 260 || D0 || losuv | |||
|- | |||
|14 || E || is ||34 || 1E || uvis || 280 || E0 || isuv | |||
|- | |||
|15 || F || ox ||35 || 1F || uvox || 300 || F0 || oxuv | |||
|- | |||
|16 || G || cic ||36 || 1G || uvcic || 320 || G0 || cicuv | |||
|- | |- | ||
|17 || H || tal ||37 || 1H || uvtal || 340 || H0 || taluv | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |18 || J || af ||38 || 1J || uvaf || 360 || J0 || afuv | ||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |19 || K || bona ||39 || 1K || uvbona || 380 || K0 || bonauv | ||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |20 || 10 || uv ||40 || 20 || ketuv || 400 || 100 || sin | ||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |} | ||
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle" | {| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle" | ||
!colspan=" | !colspan="9"|Haoliadh Maur (Haoli Numbers) [Powers of 20] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Power !! Decimal !! Vigesimal !! Haoli | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 20<sup>0</sup> || 1 || 1 || edu | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 20<sup>1</sup> || 20 || 10 || uv | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 20<sup>2</sup> || 400 || 100 || sin | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 20<sup>3</sup> || 8,000 || 1,000 || biax | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 20<sup>4</sup> || 160,000 || 10,000 || nova | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 20<sup>5</sup> || 3,200,000 || 100,000 || jova | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | 20<sup>6</sup> || 64,000,000 || 1,000,000 || sova | ||
| 1 | |||
|} | |} | ||
=Sample Texts= | =Sample Texts= | ||
=Lexicon= | =Lexicon= | ||
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[[Haoli/Lexicon|Haoli Lexicon]] | [[Haoli/Lexicon|Haoli Lexicon]] | ||
{{pri}}[[Category: Haoli]][[Category: Nominative-accusative languages]] |
Latest revision as of 19:19, 9 February 2021
Haoli | |
---|---|
Haoli | |
Pronunciation | [[Help:IPA|ha.ɔ.li]] |
Created by | iancgil |
Proto-Xawlih
| |
Introduction
Haoli is the language spoken by the Haonai.
Phonology
Consonants
Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Post Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | Voiceless | p /p/ | t /t/ | k /k/ | |||||
Voiced | b /b/ | d /d/ | g /g/ | ||||||
Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | nj /ɲ/ | ng /ŋ/ | |||||
Trill | r /r/ | ||||||||
Fricative | Voiceless | f /f/ | þ /θ/ | s /s/ | c /ʃ/ | x /x/ | h /h/ | ||
Voiced | v /v/ | ð /ð/ | gh /ɣ/ | ||||||
Approximant | j /j/ | ||||||||
Lateral Approximant | l /l/ |
Vowels
Front | Back | ||
---|---|---|---|
Close | short | i /i/ | |
long | ii/ī /iː/ | ||
Open-Mid | short | e /ɛ/ u /u/ | o /ɔ/ |
long | ee/ē /ɛː/ uu/ū /uː/ | oo/ō /ɔː/ | |
Open | short | a /a/ | |
long | aa/ā /aː/ |
Phonotactics
Orthography
Native Orthography
Morphology
Nouns
Haoli Nouns decline for case, gender, and number.
Gender
Gender in Haoli pertains to how the plural is formed as well as how it is declined. Haoli articles do have gender agreement with the constituent noun. Haoli has three genders: neuter, feminine, and masculine.
Plurals
Haoli plurals are formed by suffixes or ablaut.
Pronouns
Pronouns | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | ||||||
Singular | Plural | |||||
First Person | jan | bet | ||||
Second Person | si | al | ||||
Third Person | veni | vene | vena | venic | venec | venac |
Declension
Basic Cases
- Nominative
- Accusative
- Dative
- Malefactive
- Adverbial
- Vocative
- Contrastive
- Genitive
Oblique Cases
- Translative
- Exessive
- Essive
- Instrumental
- Prolative
Locative Cases
Internal
- Innesive
- Hyperessive
- Illative
- Hyperlative
- Elative
- Hyper-elative
- Supraperlative
- Hyperlative
- Perlative
Traversal
- Lative
- Superlative
- Prosecutive
- Terminative
Exodal
- Ablative
- Antessive
- Delative
- Eblative
Relational
- Superessive
- Supraessive
- Comitative
- Pertingent
- Apudessive
- Enclosive
- Forbative
- Locative
- Bative
- Transversive
- Circumfrentive
- Situative
- Abessive
- Intrative
- Subessive
Articles
Articles | |||
---|---|---|---|
Gender | Article | Singular | Plural |
Neuter | Definite | von | vono |
Indefinite | lidi | ||
Feminine | Definite | ven | vene |
Indefinite | lede | ||
Masculine | Definite | vun | vunu |
Indefinite | lada |
Verbs
Haoli Verbs conjugate for tense and mood.
Negation
Haoli uses the circumposition ro VERB an.
Example:
The flower is not black.
Ro eiþi an asti veti.
Tense
- Present
- Imperfect
- Future
- Pluperfect
Mood
- Indicative
- Interrogative
- Subjunctive
- Conditional
- Imperative
- Jussive
- Opative
- Quotative
Pre-Affixal Clitic Conjunctions
Coordinating Conjunctions
- jia – for
- je – and
- jue – but
- aja – or
- bo - yet
- isjo - so
Examples:
He listened and pondered.
Kroai je'ajatoe vena.
Correlative
- ajsi – rather than
- ngo - as much as
- laja – just as
- ghe - but also
- be - as
Examples:
He was as selfless as the prophet Arin.
Isatro eiþae vena be'ven felefþen.
Table of Correlatives
Syntax
Word Order (Taturuc)
Modifier Order
The Basic Forms | ||
---|---|---|
Tatur | English Translation | Word Order |
Vun Pituð Tatur | The Elegant Form | Preceding Modifier |
Vun Rasuð Tatur | The Common Form | Proceeding Modifier |
Sentence Order
Tatur | English Translation | Word Order |
---|---|---|
Vun Isatuð Tatur | The Egocentric/Dominant/Impolite Form | S-V-O |
Vun Roisatuð Tatur | The Non-Egocentric/Submissive/Polite Form | O-V-S |
Numbers
Haoliadh Maur (Haoli Numbers) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[0-20] | [20-40] | 20's [20-400] | ||||||
Decimal | Vigesimal | Haoli | Decimal | Vigesimal | Haoli | Decimal | Vigesimal | Haoli |
0 | 0 | mi | 20 | 10 | uv | 0 | 0 | mi |
1 | 1 | edu | 21 | 11 | uvedu | 20 | 10 | uv |
2 | 2 | ket | 22 | 12 | uvket | 40 | 20 | ketuv |
3 | 3 | har | 23 | 13 | uvhar | 60 | 30 | haruv |
4 | 4 | neg | 24 | 14 | uvneg | 80 | 40 | neguv |
5 | 5 | ote | 25 | 15 | uvote | 100 | 50 | oteuv |
6 | 6 | vat | 26 | 16 | uvvat | 120 | 60 | vatuv |
7 | 7 | jet | 27 | 17 | uvjet | 140 | 70 | jetuv |
8 | 8 | njol | 28 | 18 | uvnjol | 160 | 80 | njoluv |
9 | 9 | reso | 29 | 19 | uvreso | 180 | 90 | resouv |
10 | A | poi | 30 | 1A | uvpoi | 200 | A0 | poiuv |
11 | B | ofu | 31 | 1B | uvofu | 220 | B0 | ofuuv |
12 | C | ver | 32 | 1C | uvver | 240 | C0 | veruv |
13 | D | los | 33 | 1D | uvlos | 260 | D0 | losuv |
14 | E | is | 34 | 1E | uvis | 280 | E0 | isuv |
15 | F | ox | 35 | 1F | uvox | 300 | F0 | oxuv |
16 | G | cic | 36 | 1G | uvcic | 320 | G0 | cicuv |
17 | H | tal | 37 | 1H | uvtal | 340 | H0 | taluv |
18 | J | af | 38 | 1J | uvaf | 360 | J0 | afuv |
19 | K | bona | 39 | 1K | uvbona | 380 | K0 | bonauv |
20 | 10 | uv | 40 | 20 | ketuv | 400 | 100 | sin |
Haoliadh Maur (Haoli Numbers) [Powers of 20] | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Power | Decimal | Vigesimal | Haoli | |||||
200 | 1 | 1 | edu | |||||
201 | 20 | 10 | uv | |||||
202 | 400 | 100 | sin | |||||
203 | 8,000 | 1,000 | biax | |||||
204 | 160,000 | 10,000 | nova | |||||
205 | 3,200,000 | 100,000 | jova | |||||
206 | 64,000,000 | 1,000,000 | sova |