User:IlL/Spare pages 1/15: Difference between revisions

From Linguifex
Jump to navigation Jump to search
m (IlL moved page User:IlL/Spare pages 1-99/15 to User:IlL/Spare pages 1/15 without leaving a redirect)
 
(39 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
[[Tseer/Lexicon]] <br/>
[[Lakovic languages/Swadesh list|Swadesh list for Tseer]]<br/>
[[Tseer/Sketchbook]]
:''This article is about modern Tseer. For Classical Tseer, see [[Tseer/Classical]].''
:''This article is about modern Tseer. For Classical Tseer, see [[Tseer/Classical]].''
{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|image =  
|image =  
Line 12: Line 14:
|region = Talma
|region = Talma
|familycolor=lakovic
|familycolor=lakovic
|fam1=Lakovic
|fam1=[[Lakovic]]
|fam2=Tseeric
|fam2=Tseeric
|script=Talmic script
|script=Talmic script
|iso3=
|iso3=
|notice=IPA
|notice=IPA
}}'''Tseer''' (''chair''; natively ''døludx Tseer'' <small>Classical:</small> /døludz tʃẽr̝/ <small>Modern:</small> /dəwüts tʃẽʃ/ (the ''-x'' is a feminine marker); [[Skellan]]: ''brits Txeñz'') is a [[Lakovic languages|Lakovic]] language spoken in Talma. It is inspired mainly by Hmong and Somali, with touches of Burmese (especially for Modern Tseer), Vietnamese and Satem IE languages like Polish.
}}'''Tseer''' (''chair''; natively ''døludx Tseer'' <small>Classical:</small> /døludz tʃẽr̝/ <small>Modern:</small> /dəwüts tʃẽʃ/ (the ''-x'' is a feminine marker); [[Windermere]]: ''brits Tsear''; [[Skellan]]: ''brits Txeñz'') is a major [[Lakovic languages|Lakovic]] language spoken in Talma. It is inspired mainly by Hmong and Somali, with touches of Burmese (especially for Modern Tseer), Hebrew, Vietnamese and Satem IE languages like Polish.


Tseer was a prominent classical language of Talma, second to [[Windermere]]; it left a significant influence on [[Windermere]] and [[Skellan]].
Tseer was a prominent classical language of Talma, second to [[Windermere]]; it left a significant influence on [[Windermere]] and [[Skellan]].  


Unlike [[Windermere]], [[Tsrovesh]], or [[Häskä]], Tseer epenthesized initial clusters or vocalized the laryngeal *H in clusters.
Like Windermere, it favored the CCVC ablaut grade of Proto-Lakovic roots, though not as strongly as Windermere.
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
*''th''~''ts'' merger like Hanoi Vietnamese
*''th''~''ts'' merger like Hanoi Vietnamese
*Different pronunciations of Classical ''r'':
*Different pronunciations of Classical ''r'':
**Cr clusters = /Cj/ in Modern Tseezh, while it was /Cr/ in Classical Tseezh.
**Cr clusters = /Cj/ in Modern Tseer, while it was /Cr/ in Classical Tseer.
**Syllable-final ''r'' = [ʃ]  
**Syllable-final ''r'' = [ʃ]  
**Otherwise ''r'' = [r]  
**Otherwise ''r'' = [r]  
*''ð'' is pronounced [ɣ] in conservative accents. Usually it disappears and causes compensatory lengthening of the previous vowel.
*''ð'' is pronounced [ɣ] in conservative accents. Usually it disappears and causes compensatory lengthening of the previous vowel.
*Unstressed nasal vowels > syllabic nasals: oozhad > nzhad
*Unstressed nasal vowels > syllabic nasals: oozhad > nzhad
*Modern Tseer has consistent stress on the last ''orthographic'' syllable.
**The feminine ending ''-kh'' is usually pronounced [-əx] or even vocalized to [-ə] after a voiced consonant.


Nasal/nonnasal vowel split
Nasal/nonnasal vowel split


a e i o u ø /ɑ æ i o ü ə/ + að eð ið oð uð øð (long versions)
a e i o u ø /a e i o ü ə/ + að eð ið oð uð øð (long versions)


aa ee ii oo uu øø = /ã ẽj~ẽ e õw~õ u ɚ/ + aað eeð iið ooð uuð øøð long versions [These also occur for V + nasal consonant]
aa ee oo øø = /ã ẽj~ẽ õw~õ ɚ/ + aað eeð iið ooð uuð øøð long versions [These also occur for V + nasal consonant]


''e'' /æ/ is [ɛ] before ''zh''.
''e'' /e/ is [ɛ] before ''zh''.


''o'' /o/ is [u] after /w/.
''o'' /o/ is [u] after /w/.
Line 46: Line 50:
|-
|-
!|
!|
!I!!thou (m.)!!thou (f.)!!he!!she!!we (exc.)!!we (inc.)!!you (pl.)!!they (an.)
!I!!we (inc. du.)!!thou (m.)!!thou (f.)!!he!!she!!we (exc.)!!we (inc. pl.)!!you (pl.)!!they (an.)
|-
|-
!|Subject cliti
!|Subject clitic
| ''-ir'' || ''-ekh'' || ''-ex'' || ''-in'' || ''-eex'' || ''-ree'' || ''-ba'' || ''-nin'' || ''-neex''
| ''-ar'' || ''-ab'' || ''-ekh'' || ''-ex'' || ''-in'' || ''-eex'' || ''-raa'' || ''-baa'' || ''-nin'' || ''-neex''
|-
|-
!|Full pronouns
!|Full pronouns
|''ree''||''khen''||''kheex''||''in''||''eex''||''reeri''||''baa''||''inin''||''ineex''
|''aar''||''baa''||''khen''||''kheex''||''in''||''eex''||''aarar''||''baaba''||''inin''||''ineex''
|}
|}


Line 59: Line 63:
Modern Tseer retains most of the Classical verb morphology but changed some of the meanings.
Modern Tseer retains most of the Classical verb morphology but changed some of the meanings.
====Verb template====
====Verb template====
Same as in Classical Tseer
Same as in Classical Tseer: feminine-TAM-pluractionality-voice-ROOT
 
====Agreement====
====Agreement====
Feminine subject: ''va-''
Feminine subject: ''wa-''
 
====Voice====
====Voice====
Passive: ''haa-'' (~ Windermere ''ha-'')
Passive: ''haa-'' (~ Windermere ''ha-'')
Line 71: Line 77:
*0- = atelic past
*0- = atelic past
*tho- = telic past
*tho- = telic past
*we- = atelic nonpast
*n-/o- = atelic nonpast
*otho- = telic nonpast (often future)
*hef- = telic nonpast (often future)


Imperative?
Imperative?
===Derivational morphology===
 
==Derivation==
Reconstruct more derivational morphology in PLak!
*''{{angbr|r}}'' = patient noun (straight from PLak)
*''{{angbr|aa}}'' = place noun (from infix ng)
*''{{angbr|kh}}'' = instrument (from PLak instrument trigger)
*''{{angbr|t~d}}'' = be-, applicative (from PLak locative trigger)
*''xi-'' = adjectivizer
**''xilakow'' = free, wakoo originally meant 'human'
*''ta-'' = nominalizer
*''bo-'' = agentive
*''la-'' = verbalizer
*(diminutive redup)
*cognates to Wdm derivational redup patterns
*''di-'' = non-
*{{angbr|''a' ''}} (with glottal stop) = non-, un-, de-, dis-
*{{angbr|''ax''}} = reflexive or change of state verbs; to become X; to X-ify (was derivational in Classical Tseer; cognate to Wdm. {{angbr|''iș''}}
*instrument/tool noun
*place noun


==Syntax==
==Syntax==
Line 82: Line 106:
==Sample texts==
==Sample texts==
===UDHR, Article 1===
===UDHR, Article 1===
'''''Eehayxeew vikhon zhakhod mog xiwakoo de thøzh me nfidhx de xanøkhx.'''''
'''''Eehayxeel wikhon ragod mog xilakoo de emør me nfidhakh de xatøkhakh.'''''


PLACT-PASS-give_birth all human to free and equal in dignity and rights.
PLACT-PASS-give_birth all human to free and equal in dignity and rights.


''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.''
''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.''
==Poetry==
Modern Tseer poetry uses variations of the 12-syllable alexandrine, which was inherited from Classical Tseer.

Latest revision as of 01:03, 10 May 2023

Tseer/Lexicon
Swadesh list for Tseer
Tseer/Sketchbook

This article is about modern Tseer. For Classical Tseer, see Tseer/Classical.
IlL/Spare pages 1/15
døludx Tseer
Pronunciation[/dəwüts tʃẽʃ/]
Created byIlL
SettingVerse:Tricin
Lakovic
  • Tseeric
    • IlL/Spare pages 1/15
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Tseer (chair; natively døludx Tseer Classical: /døludz tʃẽr̝/ Modern: /dəwüts tʃẽʃ/ (the -x is a feminine marker); Windermere: brits Tsear; Skellan: brits Txeñz) is a major Lakovic language spoken in Talma. It is inspired mainly by Hmong and Somali, with touches of Burmese (especially for Modern Tseer), Hebrew, Vietnamese and Satem IE languages like Polish.

Tseer was a prominent classical language of Talma, second to Windermere; it left a significant influence on Windermere and Skellan.

Like Windermere, it favored the CCVC ablaut grade of Proto-Lakovic roots, though not as strongly as Windermere.

Phonology

  • th~ts merger like Hanoi Vietnamese
  • Different pronunciations of Classical r:
    • Cr clusters = /Cj/ in Modern Tseer, while it was /Cr/ in Classical Tseer.
    • Syllable-final r = [ʃ]
    • Otherwise r = [r]
  • ð is pronounced [ɣ] in conservative accents. Usually it disappears and causes compensatory lengthening of the previous vowel.
  • Unstressed nasal vowels > syllabic nasals: oozhad > nzhad
  • Modern Tseer has consistent stress on the last orthographic syllable.
    • The feminine ending -kh is usually pronounced [-əx] or even vocalized to [-ə] after a voiced consonant.

Nasal/nonnasal vowel split

a e i o u ø /a e i o ü ə/ + að eð ið oð uð øð (long versions)

aa ee oo øø = /ã ẽj~ẽ õw~õ ɚ/ + aað eeð iið ooð uuð øøð long versions [These also occur for V + nasal consonant]

e /e/ is [ɛ] before zh.

o /o/ is [u] after /w/.

Morphology

Phonology

I we (inc. du.) thou (m.) thou (f.) he she we (exc.) we (inc. pl.) you (pl.) they (an.)
Subject clitic -ar -ab -ekh -ex -in -eex -raa -baa -nin -neex
Full pronouns aar baa khen kheex in eex aarar baaba inin ineex

Nouns

Verbs

Modern Tseer retains most of the Classical verb morphology but changed some of the meanings.

Verb template

Same as in Classical Tseer: feminine-TAM-pluractionality-voice-ROOT

Agreement

Feminine subject: wa-

Voice

Passive: haa- (~ Windermere ha-)

Verbal number

Pluractionality: akh-

TAM

Aspects/Tenses (needs some fusion):

  • 0- = atelic past
  • tho- = telic past
  • n-/o- = atelic nonpast
  • hef- = telic nonpast (often future)

Imperative?

Derivation

Reconstruct more derivational morphology in PLak!

  • ⟨r⟩ = patient noun (straight from PLak)
  • ⟨aa⟩ = place noun (from infix ng)
  • ⟨kh⟩ = instrument (from PLak instrument trigger)
  • ⟨t~d⟩ = be-, applicative (from PLak locative trigger)
  • xi- = adjectivizer
    • xilakow = free, wakoo originally meant 'human'
  • ta- = nominalizer
  • bo- = agentive
  • la- = verbalizer
  • (diminutive redup)
  • cognates to Wdm derivational redup patterns
  • di- = non-
  • ⟨a' ⟩ (with glottal stop) = non-, un-, de-, dis-
  • ⟨ax⟩ = reflexive or change of state verbs; to become X; to X-ify (was derivational in Classical Tseer; cognate to Wdm. ⟨iș⟩
  • instrument/tool noun
  • place noun

Syntax

VSOX, VSXO with pronominal objects

Sample texts

UDHR, Article 1

Eehayxeel wikhon ragod mog xilakoo de emør me nfidhakh de xatøkhakh.

PLACT-PASS-give_birth all human to free and equal in dignity and rights.

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.

Poetry

Modern Tseer poetry uses variations of the 12-syllable alexandrine, which was inherited from Classical Tseer.

Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=User:IlL/Spare_pages_1/15&oldid=305347"