Khuamnisht: Difference between revisions

From Linguifex
Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
 
(43 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 3: Line 3:
|image =  
|image =  
|setting = [[Verse:Lõis]]
|setting = [[Verse:Lõis]]
|nativename = {{PAGENAME}}
|nativename = K̔uamništ
|pronunciation =
|pronunciation =
|region = Central Asia
|region = Kyrgyzstan, parts of Uzbekistan
|familycolor=Indo-European
|familycolor=Indo-European
|fam1=Indo-European
|fam1=Indo-European
Line 13: Line 13:




'''Chuaimisc''' /xuəmʲisʲc/ is a Greek and Irish-inspired sister of [[Time Traveler English]]. It is significantly more agglutinative than English, and has broad and slender consonants like Irish.
'''K̔uamništ''' (natively ''K̔uamništ goč̔'' /kʰuəmniʃt goʰtʃ/) is an [[Azalic]] language. It is significantly more agglutinative than English.
 
K̔uamništ has two dialects, a Southern one (leniting of medial aspirated stops to ''h'', turning some umlauted vowels in Proto-Azalic into long vowels), and a Northern one which has ejectives.
 
It's in a sprachbund with [[Kwenya]], a Hellenic language, and [[Anorite]], a Semitic language.
 
Khuamnisht and Greek are the classical languages of Buddhism in Lõis.
 
==Phonology==
 
à /ɔ/
 
o may be /œ/
 
p̔ t̔ c̔ č̔ k̔ /pʰ tʰ tsʰ tʃʰ kʰ/
 
v x y /v x j/
 
==Some sound changes==
 
Initial *a (from initial PAzal *o) -> ya in some words (koineized)
 
PAzal *ə -> e
 
xuan, tà, t̔ria, p̔rur, p̔àx, šak, šavt, yaxt, nin, caxen
 
erkencaš, t̔ricaš, p̔rucaš, p̔àxcaš, šacaš, šavencaš, yaxcaš, nivcaš, k̔en
 
1000: t̔usk̔en


==Morphology==
==Morphology==
===Nouns===
===Nouns===
Chuaimisc nouns fall into three declension classes. First declension nouns pluralize by slenderizing their final consonants, and second declension nouns pluralize by adding final ''-a'' or ''-e''. Most nouns belong to the third declension, where nouns pluralize in ''-s'', ''-as'', or ''-es''.
K̔uamništ nouns fall into three declension classes. First declension nouns pluralize by slenderizing their final consonants, and second declension nouns pluralize by adding final ''-e''. Most nouns belong to the third declension, where nouns pluralize in ''-t̔'' or ''-et̔''.


Like in Greek and unlike in Irish, there are no morphological mutations.
Nouns in K̔uamništ have ten cases: ergative, absolutive, genitive, dative, instrumental, comitative, essive, locative, translative and distributive.
 
===Adjectives===
 
Unlike nouns, adjectives do not inflect.


===Verbs===
===Verbs===
Line 26: Line 58:
|-
|-
! style="width: 90px;" |  
! style="width: 90px;" |  
! style="width: 100px;" | Weak: ''lupha'' 'love'
! style="width: 100px;" | Weak: ''lov'' 'love'
!  style="width: 100px;" | Strong: ''bhéd'' 'bind'
!  style="width: 100px;" | Strong: ''bent'' 'bind'
!  style="width: 100px;" | Semi-strong: ''choll'' 'grasp'
!  style="width: 100px;" | Semi-strong: ''k̔olt'' 'grasp'
|-
|-
! Imperative
! Imperative
| ''lupha!'' || ''bhéd!'' || ''choll!''  
| ''lov!'' || ''bent!'' || ''k̔olt!''
|-
! Present progressive
| ''lovaš'' || ''bentaš'' || ''k̔oltaš''  
|-
|-
! Present
! Present habitual and aorist
| ''lupha(is)'' || ''bhéd(ais)'' || ''choll(ais)''  
| ''lovel'' || ''bentel'' || ''k̔oltel''  
|-
|-
! Preterite
! Preterite
| ''lalupha(is)'' || ''bhaibhéd(ais)'' || ''cacholl(ais)''
| ''ollovaš'' || ''ebbentaš'' || ''okk̔oltaš''
|-
|-
! Subjunctive (PAz irrealis + *wekw-)
! Subjunctive (PAz irrealis + *wekw-)
| ''laluphóc(ais)'' || ''bhédóc(ais)'' || ''chollóc(ais)''
| ''ollovač̔aš'' || ''ebbentač̔aš'' || ''okk̔oltač̔aš''
|-
|-
! Future (PAz irrealis + *h2el-)
! Future (PAz irrealis + *h2el-)
| ''luphall(ais)'' || ''bhédall(ais)'' || ''chollall(ais)''
| ''lovlaš'' || ''bentlaš'' || ''k̔oltlaš''
|-
|-
! Perfect (PAz stative + *steh2-)
! Perfect (PAz stative + *steh2-)
| ''luphasta(is)'' || ''bhédsta(is)'' || ''chollsta(is)''
| ''lovt̔aš'' || ''bentt̔aš'' || ''k̔oltt̔aš''
|-
|-
! Pluperfect (PAz stative + *ste-steh2-)
! Pluperfect (PAz stative + *ste-steh2-)
| ''luphasast(ais)'' || ''bhédsast(ais)'' || ''chollsast(ais)''
| ''lovsat̔aš'' || ''bentsat̔aš'' || ''k̔oltsat̔aš''
|-
|-
! Active part.
! Active part.
| ''luphad'' || ''bhédad'' || ''chollad''
| ''lovnt̔'' || ''bentnt̔'' || ''k̔oltnt̔''
|-
|-
! Passive part.
! Passive part.
| ''luphadh'' || ''bhédann'' || ''chollann''
| ''lovad'' || ''bentad'' || ''k̔oltad''
|}
|}
==Syntax==
Inspiration: poetic English, Urdu
Khuamnisht syntax is SOV head-initial like [[Anorite]], but may be OSV or very occasionally SVO. Imperative and optative clauses use VSO syntax.


Khuamnisht is never pro-drop: ''Yet ye sebedžàt̔as!'' "Eat the vegetables!"


[[Category:Azalic languages]]
[[Category:Azalic languages]]

Latest revision as of 18:32, 27 January 2020

Khuamnisht
K̔uamništ
Created by–
SettingVerse:Lõis
Indo-European


K̔uamništ (natively K̔uamništ goč̔ /kʰuəmniʃt goʰtʃ/) is an Azalic language. It is significantly more agglutinative than English.

K̔uamništ has two dialects, a Southern one (leniting of medial aspirated stops to h, turning some umlauted vowels in Proto-Azalic into long vowels), and a Northern one which has ejectives.

It's in a sprachbund with Kwenya, a Hellenic language, and Anorite, a Semitic language.

Khuamnisht and Greek are the classical languages of Buddhism in Lõis.

Phonology

à /ɔ/

o may be /œ/

p̔ t̔ c̔ č̔ k̔ /pʰ tʰ tsʰ tʃʰ kʰ/

v x y /v x j/

Some sound changes

Initial *a (from initial PAzal *o) -> ya in some words (koineized)

PAzal *ə -> e

xuan, tà, t̔ria, p̔rur, p̔àx, šak, šavt, yaxt, nin, caxen

erkencaš, t̔ricaš, p̔rucaš, p̔àxcaš, šacaš, šavencaš, yaxcaš, nivcaš, k̔en

1000: t̔usk̔en

Morphology

Nouns

K̔uamništ nouns fall into three declension classes. First declension nouns pluralize by slenderizing their final consonants, and second declension nouns pluralize by adding final -e. Most nouns belong to the third declension, where nouns pluralize in -t̔ or -et̔.

Nouns in K̔uamništ have ten cases: ergative, absolutive, genitive, dative, instrumental, comitative, essive, locative, translative and distributive.

Adjectives

Unlike nouns, adjectives do not inflect.

Verbs

Verb conjugation
Weak: lov 'love' Strong: bent 'bind' Semi-strong: k̔olt 'grasp'
Imperative lov! bent! k̔olt!
Present progressive lovaš bentaš k̔oltaš
Present habitual and aorist lovel bentel k̔oltel
Preterite ollovaš ebbentaš okk̔oltaš
Subjunctive (PAz irrealis + *wekw-) ollovač̔aš ebbentač̔aš okk̔oltač̔aš
Future (PAz irrealis + *h2el-) lovlaš bentlaš k̔oltlaš
Perfect (PAz stative + *steh2-) lovt̔aš bentt̔aš k̔oltt̔aš
Pluperfect (PAz stative + *ste-steh2-) lovsat̔aš bentsat̔aš k̔oltsat̔aš
Active part. lovnt̔ bentnt̔ k̔oltnt̔
Passive part. lovad bentad k̔oltad

Syntax

Inspiration: poetic English, Urdu

Khuamnisht syntax is SOV head-initial like Anorite, but may be OSV or very occasionally SVO. Imperative and optative clauses use VSO syntax.

Khuamnisht is never pro-drop: Yet ye sebedžàt̔as! "Eat the vegetables!"

Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Khuamnisht&oldid=182525"