Clofabosin/Middle: Difference between revisions
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''' | '''Middle Clofabosin''' is the best attested early form of [[Clofabosin]] and is the ancestor of the Clofabic dialect continuum. It allowed more "weird" consonant clusters and vowel hiatuses than Modern Clofabosin; hiatusing vowels and compensatory lengthening from lost consonants gave rise to long vowels in conservative Modern Clofabosin. | ||
Important works in Middle Clofabosin include the Paliperidin (inspired by Pali and paliperidone), a text made up of philosophical poetry (palin = line, peridin = collection). | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
| Line 38: | Line 38: | ||
| '''ph, f''' /f/ | | '''ph, f''' /f/ | ||
| '''th''' /θ/ | | '''th''' /θ/ | ||
| '''s''' /s/<br/>''' | | '''s''' /s/<br/>'''š''' /{{sh}}/ | ||
| '''ch''' /x/ | | '''ch''' /x/ | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 64: | Line 64: | ||
|} | |} | ||
Old Clofabosin had geminates, unlike modern Clofabosin: for example, 'to learn' was '' | Old Clofabosin had geminates, unlike modern Clofabosin: for example, 'to learn' was ''nibbuir'' (modern ''nịbuvir''). | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
| Line 87: | Line 87: | ||
| | | | ||
| '''a''' /a/ | | '''a''' /a/ | ||
| | | '''å''' /ɔ/ | ||
|} | |} | ||
By the time of | By the time of Early Modern Clofabosin, /y/ had merged with /i/. | ||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
| Line 102: | Line 102: | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
*''-in'' = | *''-in'' = that which is...?, later nominative | ||
*''-ol'' = genitive; ''-o'' = combining form | *''-ol'' = nominative, later genitive; ''-o'' = combining form | ||
*''- | *''-as(t)'' = with | ||
*''-one'' = towards | *''-one'' = towards | ||
*''-ib'' = locative | |||
* ''-e'' = accusative, directive | |||
-n was originally a Caland affix -in, the source of -an (< -ain), -en (< -ein; -oin) and -i.n (< -iin, -uin) nouns in Modern Clofabosin. The majority of the largest group of nouns, the -.in nouns, acquired -in by analogy. | |||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
*''-ir'' = present: ''tpoir'' = 'eats' | *''-n-'': to be (~-navir) | ||
*''- | *''si'': old causative | ||
*''- | *''-ir'' = present progressive: ''tpoir'' = 'eats' | ||
*''-zo'' = stative: ''tpozo'' = 'has eaten' (the -le in modern -zole comes from eli- "to become") | |||
** ''-zo-ium-ub'' > ''-zoumab, -ziumab'' > Modern Clo. ''-zumab'' | |||
*''-ca, -ce'' = dynamic: ''tpoca'' = 'comes to eat'; | |||
* ''-ciš-'' is an irrealis: ''-ciš-ium-ub'' > ''-ximab'' | |||
*''-il'' = attributive | *''-il'' = attributive | ||
**''tpoil'' = who eats | **''tpoil'' = who eats (modern dialectal ''spovil'') | ||
*''-ium'' = neutral conjunctive for verbs: ''tpoium'' = ...eats, whereas... | ** ''tpozoil'' | ||
** ''tpotinil'', ''tpotnil'' | |||
** ''tpocil'' | |||
*''-ium'' = neutral conjunctive for both nouns and verbs: ''tpoium'' = ...eats, whereas... | |||
*''-ub'' = narrative past and subjunctive | *''-ub'' = narrative past and subjunctive | ||
**''tpoub'' or ''tpoiumub'' = ate, and then... | **''tpoub'' or ''tpoiumub'' = ate, and then... | ||
**''-ium-ub'' is the source of Modern Clofabosin ''-(u)mab''. | **''-ium-ub'' is the source of Modern Clofabosin ''-(u)mab'' which arose by dissimilation. Modern Clofabosin thus has ''spovir, spọmab'' for single syllable verb stems ending in a vowel. | ||
* ''-tin-ib'' is 'in the state of' (which became a habitual) ''-vetmab'' comes from ''vet-'' 'to continue' | |||
*''fo'' = realis negation, ''tu'' = irrealis | *''fo'' = realis negation, ''tu'' = irrealis | ||
*''-d-'' progressive | *''-d-'' progressive | ||
All verbs had the same paradigm. | |||
== Syntax == | |||
* ''šop=ol tpo'' = the fish eats (unmarked for tense) | |||
* ''šop=ol tpoir'' = the fish is eating | |||
* ''šop=ol tpotinib'' = the fish be eating | |||
Nonconfigurational? | |||
[[Category:Clofabic languages]] | [[Category:Clofabic languages]] | ||
Latest revision as of 17:01, 23 April 2022
Middle Clofabosin is the best attested early form of Clofabosin and is the ancestor of the Clofabic dialect continuum. It allowed more "weird" consonant clusters and vowel hiatuses than Modern Clofabosin; hiatusing vowels and compensatory lengthening from lost consonants gave rise to long vowels in conservative Modern Clofabosin.
Important works in Middle Clofabosin include the Paliperidin (inspired by Pali and paliperidone), a text made up of philosophical poetry (palin = line, peridin = collection).
Phonology
Orthography
Consonants
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Velar | Labiovelar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | [ŋ] | |||
| Plosive | voiceless | p /p/ | t /t/ | c, k /k/ | qu /kʷ/ | |
| voiced | b /b/ | d /d/ | g /g/ | |||
| Fricative | voiceless | ph, f /f/ | th /θ/ | s /s/ š /ʃ/ |
ch /x/ | |
| voiced | z /z/ | |||||
| Trill | r /r/ | |||||
| Approximant | l /l/ | v /w/ | ||||
Old Clofabosin had geminates, unlike modern Clofabosin: for example, 'to learn' was nibbuir (modern nịbuvir).
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i /i/, y /y/ | u /u/ | |
| Mid | e /e/ | o /o/ | |
| Open | a /a/ | å /ɔ/ |
By the time of Early Modern Clofabosin, /y/ had merged with /i/.
Prosody
Stress
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Nouns
- -in = that which is...?, later nominative
- -ol = nominative, later genitive; -o = combining form
- -as(t) = with
- -one = towards
- -ib = locative
- -e = accusative, directive
-n was originally a Caland affix -in, the source of -an (< -ain), -en (< -ein; -oin) and -i.n (< -iin, -uin) nouns in Modern Clofabosin. The majority of the largest group of nouns, the -.in nouns, acquired -in by analogy.
Verbs
- -n-: to be (~-navir)
- si: old causative
- -ir = present progressive: tpoir = 'eats'
- -zo = stative: tpozo = 'has eaten' (the -le in modern -zole comes from eli- "to become")
- -zo-ium-ub > -zoumab, -ziumab > Modern Clo. -zumab
- -ca, -ce = dynamic: tpoca = 'comes to eat';
- -ciš- is an irrealis: -ciš-ium-ub > -ximab
- -il = attributive
- tpoil = who eats (modern dialectal spovil)
- tpozoil
- tpotinil, tpotnil
- tpocil
- -ium = neutral conjunctive for both nouns and verbs: tpoium = ...eats, whereas...
- -ub = narrative past and subjunctive
- tpoub or tpoiumub = ate, and then...
- -ium-ub is the source of Modern Clofabosin -(u)mab which arose by dissimilation. Modern Clofabosin thus has spovir, spọmab for single syllable verb stems ending in a vowel.
- -tin-ib is 'in the state of' (which became a habitual) -vetmab comes from vet- 'to continue'
- fo = realis negation, tu = irrealis
- -d- progressive
All verbs had the same paradigm.
Syntax
- šop=ol tpo = the fish eats (unmarked for tense)
- šop=ol tpoir = the fish is eating
- šop=ol tpotinib = the fish be eating
Nonconfigurational?