User:IlL/Spare pages 1/15: Difference between revisions

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|region = Talma

|familycolor=lakovic

|fam1=Lakovic

|fam1=[[Lakovic]]

|fam2=Tseeric

|script=Talmic script

|iso3=

|notice=IPA

}}'''Tseer''' (''chair''; natively ''døludx Tseer'' Classical: /døludz tʃẽr̝/ Modern: /dəwüts tʃẽʃ/ (the ''-x'' is a feminine marker); [[Skellan]]: ''brits Txeñz'') is a major [[Lakovic languages|Lakovic]] language spoken in Talma. It is inspired mainly by Hmong and Somali, with touches of Burmese (especially for Modern Tseer), Vietnamese and Satem IE languages like Polish.

}}'''Tseer''' (''chair''; natively ''døludx Tseer'' Classical: /døludz tʃẽr̝/ Modern: /dəwüts tʃẽʃ/ (the ''-x'' is a feminine marker); [[Windermere]]: ''brits Tsear''; [[Skellan]]: ''brits Txeñz'') is a major [[Lakovic languages|Lakovic]] language spoken in Talma. It is inspired mainly by Hmong and Somali, with touches of Burmese (especially for Modern Tseer), Hebrew, Vietnamese and Satem IE languages like Polish.

Tseer was a prominent classical language of Talma, second to [[Windermere]]; it left a significant influence on [[Windermere]] and [[Skellan]]~~. Like Windermere, it favored the CCVC ablaut grade of Proto-Lakovic roots, though not as strongly as Windermere~~.

Tseer was a prominent classical language of Talma, second to [[Windermere]]; it left a significant influence on [[Windermere]] and [[Skellan]].

~~Unlike [[~~Windermere]], ~~[[Tsrovesh]]~~, ~~or [[Häskä]], Tseer epenthesized initial clusters or vocalized the laryngeal *H in clusters~~.

Like Windermere, it favored the CCVC ablaut grade of Proto-Lakovic roots, though not as strongly as Windermere.

==Phonology==

*''th''~''ts'' merger like Hanoi Vietnamese

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*''ð'' is pronounced [ɣ] in conservative accents. Usually it disappears and causes compensatory lengthening of the previous vowel.

*Unstressed nasal vowels > syllabic nasals: oozhad > nzhad

*Modern Tseer has consistent stress on the last ''orthographic'' syllable.

**The feminine ending ''-kh'' is usually pronounced [-əx] or even vocalized to [-ə] after a voiced consonant.

Nasal/nonnasal vowel split

a e i o u ø /ɑ e i o ü ə/ + að eð ið oð uð øð (long versions)

a e i o u ø /a e i o ü ə/ + að eð ið oð uð øð (long versions)

aa ee oo øø = /ã ẽj~ẽ õw~õ ɚ/ + aað eeð iið ooð uuð øøð long versions [These also occur for V + nasal consonant]

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|-

!|

!I!!thou (m.)!!thou (f.)!!he!!she!!we (exc.)!!we (inc.)!!you (pl.)!!they (an.)

!I!!we (inc. du.)!!thou (m.)!!thou (f.)!!he!!she!!we (exc.)!!we (inc. pl.)!!you (pl.)!!they (an.)

|-

!|Subject clitic

| ''-ar'' || ''-ekh'' || ''-ex'' || ''-in'' || ''-eex'' || ''-raa'' || ''-ba'' || ''-nin'' || ''-neex''

| ''-ar'' || ''-ab'' || ''-ekh'' || ''-ex'' || ''-in'' || ''-eex'' || ''-raa'' || ''-baa'' || ''-nin'' || ''-neex''

|-

!|Full pronouns

|''aar''||''khen''||''kheex''||''in''||''eex''||''aarar''||''~~baa~~''||''inin''||''ineex''

|''aar''||''baa''||''khen''||''kheex''||''in''||''eex''||''aarar''||''baaba''||''inin''||''ineex''

|}

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====Agreement====

Feminine subject: ''va-''

Feminine subject: ''wa-''

====Voice====

Passive: ''haa-'' (~ Windermere ''ha-'')

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*0- = atelic past

*tho- = telic past

*we- = atelic nonpast

*n-/o- = atelic nonpast

*hef- = telic nonpast (often future)

Imperative?

===~~Derivational~~ morphology===

==Derivation==

Reconstruct more derivational morphology in PLak!

*''{{angbr|r}}'' = patient noun (straight from PLak)

*''{{angbr|aa}}'' = place noun (from infix ng)

*''{{angbr|kh}}'' = instrument (from PLak instrument trigger)

*''{{angbr|t~d}}'' = be-, applicative (from PLak locative trigger)

*''xi-'' = adjectivizer

**''xilakow'' = free, wakoo originally meant 'human'

*''ta-'' = nominalizer

*''bo-'' = agentive

*''la-'' = verbalizer

*(diminutive redup)

*cognates to Wdm derivational redup patterns

*''di-'' = non-

*{{angbr|''a' ''}} (with glottal stop) = non-, un-, de-, dis-

*{{angbr|''ax''}} = reflexive or change of state verbs; to become X; to X-ify (was derivational in Classical Tseer; cognate to Wdm. {{angbr|''iș''}}

*instrument/tool noun

*place noun

==Syntax==

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==Sample texts==

===UDHR, Article 1===

'''''~~Eehayxeew vikhon zhakhod~~ mog ~~xiwakoo~~ de ~~thøzh~~ me ~~nfidhx~~ de ~~xanøkhx~~.'''''

'''''Eehayxeel wikhon ragod mog xilakoo de emør me nfidhakh de xatøkhakh.'''''

PLACT-PASS-give_birth all human to free and equal in dignity and rights.

''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.''

==Poetry==

Modern Tseer poetry uses variations of the 12-syllable alexandrine, which was inherited from Classical Tseer.

@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 |region = Talma
 |familycolor=lakovic
-|fam1=Lakovic
+|fam1=[[Lakovic]]
 |fam2=Tseeric
 |script=Talmic script
 |iso3=
 |notice=IPA
-}}'''Tseer''' (''chair''; natively ''døludx Tseer'' <small>Classical:</small> /døludz tʃẽr̝/ <small>Modern:</small> /dəwüts tʃẽʃ/ (the ''-x'' is a feminine marker); [[Skellan]]: ''brits Txeñz'') is a major [[Lakovic languages|Lakovic]] language spoken in Talma. It is inspired mainly by Hmong and Somali, with touches of Burmese (especially for Modern Tseer), Vietnamese and Satem IE languages like Polish.
+}}'''Tseer''' (''chair''; natively ''døludx Tseer'' <small>Classical:</small> /døludz tʃẽr̝/ <small>Modern:</small> /dəwüts tʃẽʃ/ (the ''-x'' is a feminine marker); [[Windermere]]: ''brits Tsear''; [[Skellan]]: ''brits Txeñz'') is a major [[Lakovic languages|Lakovic]] language spoken in Talma. It is inspired mainly by Hmong and Somali, with touches of Burmese (especially for Modern Tseer), Hebrew, Vietnamese and Satem IE languages like Polish.
-Tseer was a prominent classical language of Talma, second to [[Windermere]]; it left a significant influence on [[Windermere]] and [[Skellan]]. Like Windermere, it favored the CCVC ablaut grade of Proto-Lakovic roots, though not as strongly as Windermere.
+Tseer was a prominent classical language of Talma, second to [[Windermere]]; it left a significant influence on [[Windermere]] and [[Skellan]].
-Unlike [[Windermere]], [[Tsrovesh]], or [[Häskä]], Tseer epenthesized initial clusters or vocalized the laryngeal *H in clusters.
+Like Windermere, it favored the CCVC ablaut grade of Proto-Lakovic roots, though not as strongly as Windermere.
 ==Phonology==
 *''th''~''ts'' merger like Hanoi Vietnamese
@@ Line 32: / Line 32: @@
 *''ð'' is pronounced [ɣ] in conservative accents. Usually it disappears and causes compensatory lengthening of the previous vowel.
 *Unstressed nasal vowels > syllabic nasals: oozhad > nzhad
+*Modern Tseer has consistent stress on the last ''orthographic'' syllable.
+**The feminine ending ''-kh'' is usually pronounced [-əx] or even vocalized to [-ə] after a voiced consonant.
 Nasal/nonnasal vowel split
-a e i o u ø /ɑ e i o ü ə/ + að eð ið oð uð øð (long versions)
+a e i o u ø /a e i o ü ə/ + að eð ið oð uð øð (long versions)
 aa ee oo øø = /ã ẽj~ẽ õw~õ ɚ/ + aað eeð iið ooð uuð øøð long versions [These also occur for V + nasal consonant]
@@ Line 48: / Line 50: @@
 |-
 !|
-!I!!thou (m.)!!thou (f.)!!he!!she!!we (exc.)!!we (inc.)!!you (pl.)!!they (an.)
+!I!!we (inc. du.)!!thou (m.)!!thou (f.)!!he!!she!!we (exc.)!!we (inc. pl.)!!you (pl.)!!they (an.)
 |-
 !|Subject clitic
-| ''-ar'' || ''-ekh'' || ''-ex'' || ''-in'' || ''-eex'' || ''-raa'' || ''-ba'' || ''-nin'' || ''-neex''
+| ''-ar'' || ''-ab'' || ''-ekh'' || ''-ex'' || ''-in'' || ''-eex'' || ''-raa'' || ''-baa'' || ''-nin'' || ''-neex''
 |-
 !|Full pronouns
-|''aar''||''khen''||''kheex''||''in''||''eex''||''aarar''||''baa''||''inin''||''ineex''
+|''aar''||''baa''||''khen''||''kheex''||''in''||''eex''||''aarar''||''baaba''||''inin''||''ineex''
 |}
@@ Line 64: / Line 66: @@
 ====Agreement====
-Feminine subject: ''va-''
+Feminine subject: ''wa-''
 ====Voice====
 Passive: ''haa-'' (~ Windermere ''ha-'')
@@ Line 74: / Line 77: @@
 *0- = atelic past
 *tho- = telic past
-*we- = atelic nonpast
+*n-/o- = atelic nonpast
 *hef- = telic nonpast (often future)
 Imperative?
-===Derivational morphology===
+==Derivation==
+Reconstruct more derivational morphology in PLak!
+*''{{angbr|r}}'' = patient noun (straight from PLak)
+*''{{angbr|aa}}'' = place noun (from infix ng)
+*''{{angbr|kh}}'' = instrument (from PLak instrument trigger)
+*''{{angbr|t~d}}'' = be-, applicative (from PLak locative trigger)
+*''xi-'' = adjectivizer
+**''xilakow'' = free, wakoo originally meant 'human'
+*''ta-'' = nominalizer
+*''bo-'' = agentive
+*''la-'' = verbalizer
+*(diminutive redup)
+*cognates to Wdm derivational redup patterns
+*''di-'' = non-
+*{{angbr|''a' ''}} (with glottal stop) = non-, un-, de-, dis-
+*{{angbr|''ax''}} = reflexive or change of state verbs; to become X; to X-ify (was derivational in Classical Tseer; cognate to Wdm. {{angbr|''iș''}}
+*instrument/tool noun
+*place noun
 ==Syntax==
@@ Line 86: / Line 106: @@
 ==Sample texts==
 ===UDHR, Article 1===
-'''''Eehayxeew vikhon zhakhod mog xiwakoo de thøzh me nfidhx de xanøkhx.'''''
+'''''Eehayxeel wikhon ragod mog xilakoo de emør me nfidhakh de xatøkhakh.'''''
 PLACT-PASS-give_birth all human to free and equal in dignity and rights.
 ''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.''
+==Poetry==
+Modern Tseer poetry uses variations of the 12-syllable alexandrine, which was inherited from Classical Tseer.