Verse:Jarthe/Indo-Iranian languages: Difference between revisions

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==Middle Persian==

One Middle Persian dialect in Lõis has a retroflex glissando liquid /ɭ͢d̪/ from PIIr *rd, instead of /l/ as in other dialects: ''~~guḷd~~-i-ḷdāḷd'' "red rose". Naušahri descends from this dialect, and ḷd reflexes as /ð/: ''~~guđ~~ đođ'' /~~guð~~ ðoð/.

One Middle Persian dialect in Lõis has a retroflex glissando liquid /ɭ͢d̪/ from PIIr *rd, instead of /l/ as in other dialects: ''vaḷd-i-ḷdāḷd'' "red rose". Naušahri descends from this dialect, and ḷd reflexes as /ð/: ''vađ đođ'' /vað ðoð/.

Late Middle Persian in Lõis has ~~the~~ phonological innovations ~~associated with~~ Modern Persian in our timeline, like ~~some~~ words ~~have~~ w ~~-> b~~. ~~(read: it's basically Modern Persian minus the Arabic vocab, and with conservative vowels/contrastive vowel length)~~

Late Middle Persian in Lõis has different phonological innovations from Modern Persian in our timeline, like most words reflex w as v.

==Persian dialects==

===Naušahri===

The most commonly spoken descendant of Middle Persian in Lõis, Naušahri (from ''~~Naušahr~~'' meaning Newton), is part of the Levantine sprachbund and is an official language of Newton. It's most commonly written in the Latin, Avestan and Hebrew alphabets.

The most commonly spoken descendant of Middle Persian in Lõis, Naušahri (from ''Nəušahr'' meaning Newton), is part of the Levantine sprachbund and is an official language of Newton. It's most commonly written in the Latin, Avestan and Hebrew alphabets.

Phonology: a ā i ī u ū ē ō ai au -> a o e i u ~~ø əi əu əi əu~~

Phonology: a ā i ī u ū ē ō ai au -> a o ɛ i ø u e øy e øy

Plurals usually are formed with the ending -o (from Middle Persian -ān, from Old Persian -ānām), but loanwords as in our timeline can be pluralized as in the source languages. Archaic dialects use -on instead. The most common source of loanwords is ~~Balkhan~~, followed by Avestan, Greek, ~~Togarmite~~ and English.

Plurals usually are formed with the ending -o (from Middle Persian -ān, from Old Persian -ānām), but loanwords as in our timeline can be pluralized as in the source languages. Archaic dialects use -on instead. The most common source of loanwords is An Bhlaoighne, followed by Avestan, Greek, Cubrite and English.

The verbal system of Naušahri is similar to our timeline's Tajik. It uses the auxiliary ''stodan'' (to stand) for the present progressive, unlike other Levantine sprachbund languages.

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Naušahri is strictly SVO, unlike our timeline's Persian (but it may be OSV for emphasis), and got rid of grammatical case; the accusative case ending ''-ro'' shifted to a topicalization suffix.

The particle ''e'' is used with noun-noun compounds but not with adjectives modifying nouns: ''~~šahr~~ buzurg'' (big city) but ''gurbe-ye ~~dəust~~-e man'' (my friend's cat).

The particle ''e'' is used with noun-noun compounds but not with adjectives modifying nouns: ''šår buzurg'' (big city) but ''gurbe-ye daust-e man'' (my friend's cat).

~~===Greco-Persian===~~

~~Another commonly spoken Middle Persian descendant in Lõis is basically "Iranian Persian but with Greek instead of Arabic"~~.

@@ Line 68: / Line 68: @@
 ==Middle Persian==
-One Middle Persian dialect in Lõis has a retroflex glissando liquid /ɭ͢d̪/ from PIIr *rd, instead of /l/ as in other dialects: ''guḷd-i-ḷdāḷd'' "red rose". Naušahri descends from this dialect, and ḷd reflexes as /ð/: ''guđ đođ'' /guð ðoð/.
+One Middle Persian dialect in Lõis has a retroflex glissando liquid /ɭ͢d̪/ from PIIr *rd, instead of /l/ as in other dialects: ''vaḷd-i-ḷdāḷd'' "red rose". Naušahri descends from this dialect, and ḷd reflexes as /ð/: ''vađ đođ'' /vað ðoð/.
-Late Middle Persian in Lõis has the phonological innovations associated with Modern Persian in our timeline, like some words have w -> b. (read: it's basically Modern Persian minus the Arabic vocab, and with conservative vowels/contrastive vowel length)
+Late Middle Persian in Lõis has different phonological innovations from Modern Persian in our timeline, like most words reflex w as v.
 ==Persian dialects==
 ===Naušahri===
-The most commonly spoken descendant of Middle Persian in Lõis, Naušahri (from ''Naušahr'' meaning Newton), is part of the Levantine sprachbund and is an official language of Newton. It's most commonly written in the Latin, Avestan and Hebrew alphabets.
+The most commonly spoken descendant of Middle Persian in Lõis, Naušahri (from ''Nəušahr'' meaning Newton), is part of the Levantine sprachbund and is an official language of Newton. It's most commonly written in the Latin, Avestan and Hebrew alphabets.
-Phonology: a ā i ī u ū ē ō ai au -> a o e i u ø əi əu əi əu
+Phonology: a ā i ī u ū ē ō ai au -> a o ɛ i ø u e øy e øy
-Plurals usually are formed with the ending -o (from Middle Persian -ān, from Old Persian -ānām), but loanwords as in our timeline can be pluralized as in the source languages. Archaic dialects use -on instead. The most common source of loanwords is Balkhan, followed by Avestan, Greek, Togarmite and English.
+Plurals usually are formed with the ending -o (from Middle Persian -ān, from Old Persian -ānām), but loanwords as in our timeline can be pluralized as in the source languages. Archaic dialects use -on instead. The most common source of loanwords is An Bhlaoighne, followed by Avestan, Greek, Cubrite and English.
 The verbal system of Naušahri is similar to our timeline's Tajik. It uses the auxiliary ''stodan'' (to stand) for the present progressive, unlike other Levantine sprachbund languages.
@@ Line 84: / Line 84: @@
 Naušahri is strictly SVO, unlike our timeline's Persian (but it may be OSV for emphasis), and got rid of grammatical case; the accusative case ending ''-ro'' shifted to a topicalization suffix.
-The particle ''e'' is used with noun-noun compounds but not with adjectives modifying nouns: ''šahr buzurg'' (big city) but ''gurbe-ye dəust-e man'' (my friend's cat).
+The particle ''e'' is used with noun-noun compounds but not with adjectives modifying nouns: ''šår buzurg'' (big city) but ''gurbe-ye daust-e man'' (my friend's cat).
-===Greco-Persian===
-Another commonly spoken Middle Persian descendant in Lõis is basically "Iranian Persian but with Greek instead of Arabic".