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'''Old Thedish''' (''þiudьska rarda''; Modern Thedish ''aldþiúsk'') is the most recent common ancestor of the Thedic languages, [[Thedish]] and [[Ufirlandisg]]. It is one of the classical Germanic languages of Lõis.
'''Old Glommish''' is a special register of Glommish used in Glommish theater to represent characters in ancient times.
 
==Morphology==
It evolved into [[Thedish/Middle|Middle Thedish]] by ca. the 1200s.
=== Article ===
<!--
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"  
 
|+ '''Definite article'''
This is a short reminder of the language format policy.
! rowspan=2 | case || colspan=3 | singular || colspan="3" | plural
 
I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.
 
-->
 
==Introduction==
 
<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? -->
 
<!-- Example categories/headings:
 
Goals
Setting
Inspiration
 
-->
 
<!-- ***Phonology*** -->
<!-- What sounds does your language use? -->
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:
 
Vowel inventory
Consonant inventory
Syllable structure
Stress
Intonation
 
-->
==Phonology==
===Orthography===
===Consonants===
 
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center"
|-
|+'''Consonant phonemes'''
!colspan="2"|  
! | Labial
! | Dental
! | Alveolar
! | Velar
|-
|-
!colspan="2"| Nasal
! m. || f. || n. || m. || f. || n.
| '''m''' {{IPA|m}}
| '''n''' {{IPA|n}}
|  
|  
|-
|-
!rowspan="2" | Stop<br/>/Affricate
! nom.
!<small>voiceless</small>
| ''sa'' || ''sá'' || ''that'' || ''thy'' || ''thá'' || ''thá''  
| '''p''' {{IPA|p}}
| '''t''' {{IPA|t}}
|
| '''k''' {{IPA|c~k}}
|-
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
! acc.
| '''b''' {{IPA|b}}
| ''than'' || ''thá'' || ''that'' || ''tho'' || ''thár'' || ''thá''  
| '''d''' {{IPA|d}}
|
| '''g''' {{IPA|ɟ~g}}
|-
|-
!colspan="2"|Fricative
! dat.
| '''f''' {{IPA|f~v}}
| ''tham'' || ''thyre'' || ''tham''  
| '''þ''' {{IPA|θ~ð}}
|colspan=3| ''thym''  
| '''s''' {{IPA|s~z}}
| '''h''' {{IPA|ç~x~h}}
|-
|-
!colspan=2| Resonant
! gen.
| '''w''' {{IPA|ʋ}}
| ''thas'' || ''thyrar'' || ''thas''  
| '''r''' {{IPA|r}}
|colspan=3| ''thyra''  
| '''l''' {{IPA|l}}
| '''j''' {{IPA|j}}
|}
|}


All consonants except {{recon|j}} can be allophonically palatalized before front vowels (*e *ē *ö *ȫ *i *ī *ü *ǖ *eu *iu). The palatalization was still allophonic in Old Thedish but the allophonic palatalization may have been especially strong in k/g.
*-anz, -inz, -unz > -ąz, -įz, -ųz > -ār, -īr, -ūr
*kw, hw > p, f
===Vowels===
Old Thedish had the following vowels:
'''a ā e ē i ī o ȯ ō ö ȫ u ū ü ǖ au eu iu ъ y ь''' /a ɑː ɛ ɛː i iː ɔ o ɔː œ œː u uː y yː au ɛu iu ə əi ĭ/
U-umlaut: a ā e ē i ī > o ō ö ȫ ü ǖ (from PGmc *a *ō/ā *e *ē *i *ī)
Vowel reflexes in stressed syllables:
a ā e ē ə̄ i ī o ō ö ȫ u ū ü ǖ au eu iu
Þiúd'sk: > a á ia/ie iá ý i í o ó ie ié iu iú i í ó ió iú
Ufirlandisg: > a ā ia(üe after w) iā(üē after w) ē(uō after w) i(ü after w) ī(ǖ after w) uo uō üe üē u ū ü ǖ au iau ieu
===Prosody===
====Stress====
====Intonation====
===Phonotactics===
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
===Morphophonology===
==Morphology==
===Nouns===
===Nouns===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
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|-
|-
! Nominative
! Nominative
| ''wulfъ'' || ''wulfy''  
| ''wulfъ'' || ''wulfa''
|-
! Accusative
| ''wulfъ'' || ''wulfo''  
|-
|-
! Genitive
! Genitive
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|-
|-
! Dative
! Dative
| ''wulfy'' || ''wulfъmъ''  
| ''wulfe'' || ''wulfъm''  
|-
|-
! Locative
! Instrumental
| ''wulfaþ'' || ''wulfъrъ''  
| ''wulfъ'' || ''wulfъm''  
|}
|}


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!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
|-
! Nominative
! Nominative/Accusative
| ''jukъ'' || ''juka''  
| ''jukъ'' || ''juka''  
|-
|-
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|-
|-
! Dative
! Dative
| ''juky'' || ''jukъmъ''  
| ''juke'' || ''jukъm''
|-
! Instrumental
| ''jukъ'' || ''jukъm''
|}
 
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | eh2-stem: ''gefъ'' (f.) 'gift'
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ''gefъ'' || ''gefa''
|-
! Accusative
| ''gefa'' || ''gefa''
|-
! Genitive
| ''gefa'' || ''gefa''
|-
! Dative
| ''gefe'' || ''gefam''  
|-
|-
! Locative
! Instrumental
| ''jukaþ'' || ''jukъrъ''  
| ''gefъ'' || ''gefam''  
|}
|}


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|-
|-
! Nominative
! Nominative
| ''gēfa'' || ''gēfar''  
| ''gēfa'' || ''gēfan''
|-
! Accusative
| ''gēfan'' || ''gēfan''  
|-
|-
! Genitive
! Genitive
| ''gēfar'' || ''gēfa''  
| ''gēfan'' || ''gēfana''  
|-
|-
! Dative
! Dative
| ''gēfai'' || ''gēfamъ''  
| ''gēfan'' || ''gēfam''  
|-
|-
! Locative
! Instrumental
| ''gēfai'' || ''gēfarъ''  
| ''gēfan'' || ''gēfam''  
|}
|}


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! Dative
! Dative
| ''gasti'' || ''gastьmъ''  
| ''gasti'' || ''gastьmъ''  
|}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | i-stem: ''gastь'' (m.) 'guest'
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ''gastь'' || ''gasti''
|-
! Genitive
| ''gastьs'' || ''gastьja''
|-
|-
! Locative
! Dative
| ''gasti'' || ''gastьrъ''  
| ''gasti'' || ''gastьmъ''  
|}
|}


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! Dative
! Dative
| ''mari'' || ''marьmъ''  
| ''mari'' || ''marьmъ''  
|-
! Locative
| ''mari'' || ''marьrъ''
|}
|}


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! Dative
! Dative
| ''suni'' || ''sunъmъ''  
| ''suni'' || ''sunъmъ''  
|-
! Locative
| ''sunew'' || ''sunъrъ''
|}
|}


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! Dative
! Dative
| ''burgi'' || ''burgъmъ''  
| ''burgi'' || ''burgъmъ''  
|-
! Locative
| ''burgь'' || ''burgъrъ''
|}
|}


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! Dative
! Dative
| ''lambьrь'' || ''lambьrъmъ''  
| ''lambьrь'' || ''lambьrъmъ''  
|-
! Locative
| ''lambьrь'' || ''lambьrъrъ''
|}
|}


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! Dative
! Dative
| ''augьnь'' || ''augъmmъ''  
| ''augьnь'' || ''augъmmъ''  
|-
! Locative
| ''augьnь'' || ''augarъ''
|}
|}


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! Dative
! Dative
| ''harpanь'' || ''harpamъ''  
| ''harpanь'' || ''harpamъ''  
|-
! Locative
| ''harpanь'' || ''harparъ''
|}
|}


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! Dative
! Dative
| ''burþinь'' || ''burþimъ''  
| ''burþinь'' || ''burþimъ''  
|-
! Locative
| ''burþinь'' || ''burþirъ''
|}
|}


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! Dative
! Dative
| ''fadrь'' || ''fadrъmъ''  
| ''fadrь'' || ''fadrъmъ''  
|-
! Locative
| ''fadrь'' || ''fadrъrъ''
|}
|}


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| ''leufa'' || ''leufas'' || ''leufa'' ||  ''leufam'' || ''leufaþ'' || ''leufan''
| ''leufa'' || ''leufas'' || ''leufa'' ||  ''leufam'' || ''leufaþ'' || ''leufan''
|-
|-
! past I
! past
| ''leufada'' || ''leufadest'' || ''leufade'' || ''leufadedъm'' || ''leufadedъd'' || ''leufadedъn''  
| ''leufada'' || ''leufadest'' || ''leufade'' || ''leufadedъm'' || ''leufadedъd'' || ''leufadedъn''  
|-
! past II
| ''leufas'' || ''leufast'' || ''leufas'' || ''leufasъm'' || ''leufasъd'' || ''leufaser''
|-
|-
! past subjunctive
! past subjunctive
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| ''hylьja'' || ''hylis'' || ''hyli'' ||  ''hylim'' || ''hyliþ'' || ''hylin''
| ''hylьja'' || ''hylis'' || ''hyli'' ||  ''hylim'' || ''hyliþ'' || ''hylin''
|-
|-
! past I
! past  
| ''hylida'' || ''hylidest'' || ''hylide'' || ''hylidedъm'' || ''hylidedъd'' || ''hylidedъn''  
| ''hylida'' || ''hylidest'' || ''hylide'' || ''hylidedъm'' || ''hylidedъd'' || ''hylidedъn''  
|-
! past II
| ''hylis'' || ''hylist'' || ''hylis'' || ''hylisъm'' || ''hylisъd'' || ''hyliser''
|-
|-
! past subjunctive
! past subjunctive
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| ''wrīta'' || ''wrītyr'' || ''wrīty'' ||  ''wrītym'' || ''wrītyd'' || ''wrītyn''
| ''wrīta'' || ''wrītyr'' || ''wrīty'' ||  ''wrītym'' || ''wrītyd'' || ''wrītyn''
|-
|-
! past I
! past
| ''wryt'' || ''wryst'' || ''wryt'' || ''wrytъm'' || ''wrytъd'' || ''wryter''
| ''wryt'' || ''wryst'' || ''wryt'' || ''writъm'' || ''writъd'' || ''writъn''  
|-
! past II
| ''writъ'' || ''writь'' || ''writ'' || ''writъm'' || ''writъd'' || ''writъn''  
|-
|-
! past subjunctive
! past subjunctive
Line 470: Line 397:
| ''keusa'' || ''keusyr'' || ''keusy'' ||  ''keusym'' || ''keusyd'' || ''keusyn''
| ''keusa'' || ''keusyr'' || ''keusy'' ||  ''keusym'' || ''keusyd'' || ''keusyn''
|-
|-
! past I
! past
| ''kaus'' || ''kaust'' || ''kaus'' || ''kaurъm'' || ''kaurъd'' || ''kaurer''
| ''kaus'' || ''kaust'' || ''kaus'' || ''kurъm'' || ''kurъd'' || ''kurъn''  
|-
! past II
| ''kusъ'' || ''kusь'' || ''kus'' || ''kurъm'' || ''kurъd'' || ''kurъn''  
|-
|-
! past subjunctive
! past subjunctive
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|-
|-
! past I
! past I
| ''band'' || ''banst'' || ''band'' || ''bandъm'' || ''bandъd'' || ''bander''
| ''band'' || ''banst'' || ''band'' || ''bundъm'' || ''bundъd'' || ''bundъn''  
|-
! past II
| ''bundъ'' || ''bundь'' || ''bund'' || ''bundъm'' || ''bundъd'' || ''bundъn''  
|-
|-
! past subjunctive
! past subjunctive
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|colspan="6"| ''bundъnъ''
|colspan="6"| ''bundъnъ''
|}
|}
===Adjectives===
===Adjectives===
Adjectives had two declensions:
#a declension following the original PIE adjective declension, and
#a declension using the n-stem declension.
The first paradigm was used for predicative adjectives and circumstantial adjective phrases. The second paradigm was used for attributive adjectives.


==Syntax==
==Syntax==
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Skēpъ auk hrussy
Skēpъ auk hrussy


Skēpъ, þat wulla ne hafis, sū hrussy: ynъ þungъnъ wagnъ teuhъndъ, auk ynъ mauranъ hlostъ, auk ynъ gumъnъ sneumъ berъndъ. Nu sagis skēpъ hrussъmъ: "Herta mir darьjьþь sewъndy gumъnъ drīfъndъ hrussy." Þanne sagiser hrussy: "Hauri, skēp! Herta unsь darьjьþь þana sewъndъmъ: guma, fadь, ūtъ skēpъs wullai wurkiþь sir warmъnъ klyþъ; auk skēpъ wulla ne hafyþь." Þat hauridъ, flug skēpъ þurh akrъ.
Skēpъ, þat wulla ne hafde, hrussy sāw: ynъ þungъnъ wagnъ teuhъndъ, auk ynъ mauranъ hlostъ, auk ynъ gumъnъ sneumъ berъndъ. Nu sagide skēpъ hrussъmъ: "Herta mir darjьþь sewъndy gumъnъ drīfъndъ hrussy." Þanne sagiden hrussy: "Hauri, skēp! Herta unsь darjьþь þana sewъndъmъ: guma, druhten, ūtъ skēpъs wullai wurkiþь sir warmъnъ klyþъ; auk skēpъ wulla ne hafyþь." Þat hauridъ, flauh skēpъ þurh akrъ.


==Other resources==
==Other resources==
Retrieved from "https://duo.linguifex.com/wiki/Glommish/Old"