Hivantish/Proto-Hivantic: Difference between revisions

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'''Proto-Hivantish''' is the hypothetical IE ancestor (or immediate predecessor) of Hivantish.
==Phonology==
e o -> i u


{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
zero grade vowel -> a
|+ ''wə́lkoς'' 'wolf' (< {{recon|wĺ̥kʷos}})
 
|-
eh1 oh1 eh2 oh2 eh3 oh3 -> ee uu aa oo aa oo
!| !! Singular !! Plural
 
|-
ey oy ew ow iH uH -> ii ui iu uu ii uu
!|Nominative
 
|''wə́lkoς''||''wə́lkāς''
syllabic nasal + H -> å
|-
 
!|Genitive
rh1 rh2 rh3 -> år, lh1 lh2 lh3 -> ål
|''wə́lkāςo, wə́lkā''||''wə́lkoHon''
 
|-
p/b bh t/d dh k' g' g'h k/g gh -> p v t ð s c z k g
!|Dative
 
|''wə́lkāi''||''wə́lkaβoς''
pH tH kH -> f þ h
|-
 
!|Accusative
s -> h; ruki'd s -> r
|''wə́lkon'' ||''wə́lkǫς''
 
|-
===Nasal Spirant Rule===
!|Ablative
in+fricative -> ee+fricative, an+fricative -> å+fricative
|''wə́lkeat'' ||''wə́lkaβoς''
 
|-
===Modern Hivantish===
!|Loc./Inst.
Vowel length turns into vowel quality (but not the same vowels as in Icelandic)
|''wə́lkeat'' ||''wə́lkaβi''
 
|-
å oo uu -> ó ú y
!|Vocative
 
|''wə́lke!'' ||''wə́lkāς!''
a aa ee i ii u -> a á é i y u
|}
 
ai ui iu ia ua -> æ ö ie é ó
 
PIE sm sn sl sr sw sy -> hm hn hl hr hw hj /m n ɬ ʂ ʍ j/
 
PIE sp st sk' sk -> sp st s sk
 
Numbers: ænur/æna/æn, twæ/twá, tryr, kitór, pinkir, hwyr, hipta, usta, nöwa, tisa
 
æmpirtisa, twápirtisa, trypirtisa, kitórpirtisa, ..., twátisa
 
30: trytisa
 
40: kiturtisa
 
50: pinkitisa
 
60: hwystisa
 
70: hiptantisa
 
80: ustátisa
 
90: nöwantisa
 
100: sant

Latest revision as of 17:53, 6 April 2023

Phonology

e o -> i u

zero grade vowel -> a

eh1 oh1 eh2 oh2 eh3 oh3 -> ee uu aa oo aa oo

ey oy ew ow iH uH -> ii ui iu uu ii uu

syllabic nasal + H -> å

rh1 rh2 rh3 -> år, lh1 lh2 lh3 -> ål

p/b bh t/d dh k' g' g'h k/g gh -> p v t ð s c z k g

pH tH kH -> f þ h

s -> h; ruki'd s -> r

Nasal Spirant Rule

in+fricative -> ee+fricative, an+fricative -> å+fricative

Modern Hivantish

Vowel length turns into vowel quality (but not the same vowels as in Icelandic)

å oo uu -> ó ú y

a aa ee i ii u -> a á é i y u

ai ui iu ia ua -> æ ö ie é ó

PIE sm sn sl sr sw sy -> hm hn hl hr hw hj /m n ɬ ʂ ʍ j/

PIE sp st sk' sk -> sp st s sk

Numbers: ænur/æna/æn, twæ/twá, tryr, kitór, pinkir, hwyr, hipta, usta, nöwa, tisa

æmpirtisa, twápirtisa, trypirtisa, kitórpirtisa, ..., twátisa

30: trytisa

40: kiturtisa

50: pinkitisa

60: hwystisa

70: hiptantisa

80: ustátisa

90: nöwantisa

100: sant