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| {{Infobox language | | {{List subpages}} |
| |creator = [[User:IlL|Inthar]]
| | '''Qwbmwdqwg''' /ʔə˥mə˨˩˨ʔə˧˩̤/ is a tritonal root language. |
| |nativename = Hróni
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| |image =
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| |setting = [[Verse:Irta]]
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| |name = Crannish
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| |pronunciation =
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| |states = Maghreb
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| |speakers =
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| |script = Latin
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| |date =
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| |familycolor=afroasiatic
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| |fam1=Afro-Asiatic
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| |fam2=Semitic
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| |fam3=Central Semitic
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| |fam4=Arabic
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| |fam5=Irta Maghrebi Arabic
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| }} | |
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| '''Corsican Arabic''' is the Irish-influenced Arabic variety spoken in [[Verse:Irta|Irta]], in our Corsica (natively ''əl-KoRSəKə'' [ɜ̟l̪ˈqʰɔɾˁsˁʌqʰʌ], Irta Irish ''an Chorsac''). In Irta it's called Corsican (natively ''əl-KoRSəKī'' [ɜ̟l̪qʰɔɾˁsˁʌˈqʰɪː] or ''ət-taNGə KoRSəKījə'' [ɜ̟t̪ˈt̪ʰæɴɢʌ qʰɔɾˁsˁʌˈqʰɪːjɜ̟] (''taNGə'' is from Irish ''teanga''); in Irish ''an Chorsacais''). Its speakers are predominantly Catholic. | |
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| "Maltese but with Irish (and secondarily French and Sardinian) instead of Italian" --- the only Irtan Semlang that evolved naturally under Celtic influence (Crannish is more Azalic, and Irta Modern Hebrew was revived by Celtic speakers), and the only Irtan Semitic language written in the Latin script (it underwent a spelling reform after using a heavily French- and Irish-based spelling for a long period; it's now much more etymological and uses letters with strikethrough, such as ''ł'', for emphatic consonants).
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| : ''dia Γit/Γīw; slāM alēkəm'' - greeting
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| : ''diaS Murə Γit/Γīw; alēkəm slāM'' -reply
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| == History ==
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| Corsica was ruled by Muslim Arabs (7th c. - 10th c.), then by the Irish (10th c. - 16th c.), then the French (16th c. - 19th c. Ireland ceded it to France when it was being threatened by Remonitionists and the Hivantish), then the Azalic English (19th c. - 20th c.). Corsica gained independence from the Azalic English in 1954.
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| == Phonology == | | == Phonology == |
| Corsican Arabic has an almost complete set of emphatic-nonemphatic pairs:
| | * vowels: {{angbr|''w oo''}} /ə ã/ |
| | | * consonants: {{angbr|''q m k''}} /ʔ m k~h/ |
| B '''b''' '''G''' '''g''' '''D''' '''d''' H '''h''' W '''w''' '''Z''' '''z''' T '''t''' '''Γ''' '''j''' K '''k''' '''X''' x L '''l''' M '''m''' N '''n''' '''S''' '''s''' F '''f''' P p '''R''' '''r''' '''š''' (bold = inherited as underlying consonant)
| | * tone letters are used at the end of syllables: {{angbr|''-b -0 -x -s -t -j -v -g -d -z -l''}} /˥ ˧ ˩˧ ˩ ˨˩ˀ ˥˧ ˨˦ ˧˩̤ ˨˩˨ ˧˦˧ ˧˩/ |
| | | The -0 tone only occurs in function words and affixes. |
| voicing distinction in stops is realized like in Irish; G is usually [q⁼], W = [wˁ], w = [w(compressed)], [β] before vowels
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| t d T D n l N L are dental | |
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| word-final nonemphatic consonants are slightly palatalized
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| Clusters may not follow bwb sws in native words or with Irish words put into Arabic patterns. Irish broad and slender consonants are borrowed as emphatic and nonemphatic consonants, respectively.
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| has a similar vowel inventory to Irish, with short /u/ (retained from Classical Arabic) realized as [y] after nonemphatic consonants and with more vowels from lost ayin
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| a i o u ə ā ē ī ō ū əj əw aj aw ea oa ia ua
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| a is [æ] after nonemphatics, [ɑ] after emphatics
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| i is [i] after nonemphatics, [ɪ] after emphatics
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| u is [ʏ] after nonemphatics, [ʊ] after emphatics
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| unstressed a is [ɐ], unstressed ə is [ʌ] after an emphatic and [ɜ̟] after a nonemphatic
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| == Morphology == | | == Morphology == |
| should extract consonantal roots from Irish words
| | Most Qwbmwdqwg roots are tritonal. Some roots in the qwT<sub>1</sub>mwT<sub>2</sub>kwT<sub>3</sub> verb stem: |
| === Pronouns === | | * ''qw'''l'''mw'''b'''kw'''j''''' = to preside |
| * inə, int, hu(wə), hi(jə), nahnə, intum, hum | | * ''qw'''b'''mw'''d'''kw'''g''''' = to speak |
| | * ''qw'''x'''mw'''b'''kw'''b''''' = to hear |
| | * ''qw'''j'''mw'''g'''kw'''d''''' = to see |
| | * ''qw'''b'''mw'''x'''kw'''s''''' = to eat |
| | * ''qw'''z'''mw'''x'''kw'''v''''' = to drink |
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| | Some roots are bitonal: |
| | * ''qw'''x'''kw'''j''''' 'to stand' |
| | * ''qw'''s'''kw'''s''''' 'to go, to walk' |
| | * ''qw'''b'''kw'''x''''' 'to fly' |
| === Nouns === | | === Nouns === |
| sound plurals: m. -0 > -īn, f. -ə > -āh;
| | The plural marker is ''-qoob'': ''mw'''b'''kw'''x''''' 'bird', ''mw'''b'''kw'''x'''qoob'' 'birds'. |
| | ==== Patterns ==== |
| | (b-j-v 'to do' is used as the placeholder root) |
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| m. pl. const. -ē
| | === Verbs === |
| | {| class="wikitable" |
| | |+ ''qwlmwlkwd'' 'to sleep' |
| | |- |
| | ! Person !! Non-past !! Past/Stative |
| | |- |
| | ! 1sg |
| | || ''qoolmwlqwd'' || ''qwlkwlqoodqoox'' |
| | |- |
| | ! 2sg |
| | || ''koolmwlqwd'' || ''qwlkwlqoodkwt'' |
| | |- |
| | ! 3sg |
| | || ''moolmwlqwd'' || ''qwlkwlqood'' |
| | |- |
| | ! 1pl |
| | || ''qoolmwlqood'' || ''qwlkwlqoodqoov'' |
| | |- |
| | ! 2pl |
| | || ''koolmwlqood'' || ''qwlkwlqoodkoov'' |
| | |- |
| | ! 3pl |
| | || ''moolmwlqood'' || ''qwlkwlqoodmooj'' |
| | |- |
| | ! Participle |
| | |colspan=2| ''moolqwlqwd'' |
| | |- |
| | ! Verbal noun |
| | |colspan=2| ''qwlmwlkwd'' |
| | |} |
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| f. sg. const. -ət/-t (''Gījə'' 'prayer' -> ''Gījət'' 'prayer of', ''Gījəti'' 'my prayer'); f. pl. const. -āt
| | ==== Patterns ==== |
| | (b-j-v 'to do' is used as the placeholder root) |
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| emphasis spreading to the syllables after a posttonic emphatic
| | Need nif3al and hif3il |
| * Gījə 'prayer', Gījəti 'my prayer'; Gījətuh 'his prayer'
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| * taNGə 'language', taNGəTi 'my language'; taNGəTuh 'his language'; taNGijāh 'languages'
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| * baNəXT 'blessing; to bless', bəNāXiT 'blessings'?
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| todo: broken plurals
| | === Pronouns === |
| | No subject pronouns |
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| article əl- (moon) or əC- (sun); sun letters D d Z z T t L l N n S s R r š
| | Pronominal affixes: todo |
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| sg and sound pl fem possessives: -i -ək -uh -hə -nə -kum -hum
| | == Syntax == |
| | | === Word order === |
| sound pl masc possessives: -ejjə -ēk -ēh -ēhə -ēnə -ēkum -ēhum
| | Stolen from Lushootseed: predicate-first clauses and determiner-based noun phrases |
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| irish -ə nouns are borrowed as feminine -ə
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| head-marked (house.CONST DEF-king, house-3SG.M DEF-king) or double-marked possessives (house-SG.M DAT DEF-king)
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| === Adjectives === | |
| all adjectives have the same declension: -0 -ə -īn -āh. Inanimate plurals are treated as sg fem
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| === Verbs === | |
| retain passive binyanim as impersonal; maSdars work like Irish verbnouns
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| === Prepositions === | | === Noun phrases === |
| frē = against? frejjə, frēk, frēh, frēhə, frēnə, frēkum, frēhum
| | Noun phrases acting as constituents rather than as predicates need the determiner ''qw'': |
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| alā = on; alejjə, alēk, ...
| | : Compare: |
| | :''Qw'''d'''kw'''l'''qw'''b''' qw qw'''b'''mw'''d'''qw'''g'''.'' |
| | : Qwbmwdqwg is easy. |
| | :''Qw'''b'''mw'''d'''qw'''g''' kwt. Qoo Kwskwskwskws kwt.'' |
| | : This is Qwbmwdqwg. And this is Quququqquq. |
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| mijejn 'about' (~ Scottish Gaelic mu dheidhinn): mijejni, mijejnək, mijejnih, mijejnhə, mijejnnə, mijejnkum, mijejnhum
| | === Emphasis === |
| | | The emphatic pronoun is ''koo'' in all persons and numbers. It serves the same role as Irish emphatic forms. |
| fī is matched to faoi sometimes
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| === Numerals === | |
| wāhəd, tnēn, tlātə, aRBa, hamsə, sittə, saba, tmānijə, disa, āšRə
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| == Syntax ==
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| Irish/Gàidhlig relex; VSO and verbnouns whose possessors are direct objects. Even more Irishy than Irta Modern Hebrew; grammar-wise it's the most Irishy Irtan Semlang.
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| == Texts ==
| | * ''qoo'''s'''mw'''s''''' 'I go' |
| === The Lord's Prayer ===
| | * ''qoo'''s'''mw'''s''' koo'' / ''koo qoo'''s'''mw'''s''''' '<i>I</i> go' |
| called ''əl-Pādir'' or ''əl-misērnə''
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| [[Category:Semitic languages]] | | [[Category:Conlangs]] |
| | [[Category:Angai]] |