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| {{Infobox language | | {{List subpages}} |
| |creator = [[User:IlL|Inthar]]
| | '''Qwbmwdqwg''' /ʔə˥mə˨˩˨ʔə˧˩̤/ is a tritonal root language. |
| |nativename = əl-KoRSəKī
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| |image =
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| |setting = [[Verse:Irta]]
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| |name = Corsican Arabic
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| |pronunciation = ɜ̟lqʰɔɾˁsˁʌˈqʰɪː
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| |states = Corsica
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| |speakers =
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| |script = Latin
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| |date =
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| |familycolor=afroasiatic
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| |fam1=Afro-Asiatic
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| |fam2=Semitic
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| |fam3=Central Semitic
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| |fam4=Arabic
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| |fam5=Irta Maghrebi Arabic
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| }} | |
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| '''Corsican Arabic''' is an Irish-influenced Arabic variety spoken in the [[Verse:Irta|Irta]] timeline's Corsica (natively ''əl-KoRSəKə'' [ɜ̟lˈqʰɔɾˁsˁʌqʰʌ], Irta Irish ''an Chorsac''). In Irta it's called Corsican (natively ''əl-KoRSəKī'' [ɜ̟lqʰɔɾˁsˁʌˈqʰɪː] or ''ət-taNGə KoRSəKījə'' [ɜ̟t̪ˈt̪ʰæɴɢʌ qʰɔɾˁsˁʌˈqʰɪːjɜ̟] (''taNGə'' is from Irish ''teanga''); in Irish ''an Chorsacais''). Its speakers are predominantly Catholic. | | == Phonology == |
| | * vowels: {{angbr|''w oo''}} /ə ã/ |
| | * consonants: {{angbr|''q m k''}} /ʔ m k~h/ |
| | * tone letters are used at the end of syllables: {{angbr|''-b -0 -x -s -t -j -v -g -d -z -l''}} /˥ ˧ ˩˧ ˩ ˨˩ˀ ˥˧ ˨˦ ˧˩̤ ˨˩˨ ˧˦˧ ˧˩/ |
| | The -0 tone only occurs in function words and affixes. |
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| "Maltese but with Irish (and secondarily French and Sardinian) instead of Italian" --- the only Irtan Semlang that evolved naturally under Celtic influence (Crannish is more Azalic, and Irta Modern Hebrew was revived by Celtic speakers), and the only Irtan Semitic language written in the Latin script (it underwent a spelling reform after using a heavily French- and Irish-based spelling for a long period; it's now much more etymological and uses letters with strikethrough, such as ''ł'', for emphatic consonants, and ''e'' for schwa).
| | == Morphology == |
| | Most Qwbmwdqwg roots are tritonal. Some roots in the qwT<sub>1</sub>mwT<sub>2</sub>kwT<sub>3</sub> verb stem: |
| | * ''qw'''l'''mw'''b'''kw'''j''''' = to preside |
| | * ''qw'''b'''mw'''d'''kw'''g''''' = to speak |
| | * ''qw'''x'''mw'''b'''kw'''b''''' = to hear |
| | * ''qw'''j'''mw'''g'''kw'''d''''' = to see |
| | * ''qw'''b'''mw'''x'''kw'''s''''' = to eat |
| | * ''qw'''z'''mw'''x'''kw'''v''''' = to drink |
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| : ''dia Γit/Γīw; slāM alēkəm'' - greeting | | Some roots are bitonal: |
| : ''diaS Murə Γit/Γīw; alēkəm slāM'' -reply | | * ''qw'''x'''kw'''j''''' 'to stand' |
| | * ''qw'''s'''kw'''s''''' 'to go, to walk' |
| | * ''qw'''b'''kw'''x''''' 'to fly' |
| | === Nouns === |
| | The plural marker is ''-qoob'': ''mw'''b'''kw'''x''''' 'bird', ''mw'''b'''kw'''x'''qoob'' 'birds'. |
| | ==== Patterns ==== |
| | (b-j-v 'to do' is used as the placeholder root) |
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| == History == | | === Verbs === |
| Corsica was ruled by Muslim Arabs (7th c. - 10th c.), then by the Irish (10th c. - 16th c.), then the French (16th c. - 19th c. Ireland ceded it to France when it was being threatened by Remonitionists and the Hivantish), then the Azalic English (19th c. - 20th c.). Corsica gained independence from the Azalic English in 1954.
| | {| class="wikitable" |
| | | |+ ''qwlmwlkwd'' 'to sleep' |
| == Phonology ==
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| Corsican Arabic has an almost complete set of emphatic-nonemphatic pairs, formed from both native emphatic consonants (Classical Arabic T D S Z q became D Z S Z G) and borrowed Irish vocabulary. This article represents emphatic consonants with capitalized letters.
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| {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | |
| |- | | |- |
| |+'''Consonant phonemes in Corsican Arabic'''
| | ! Person !! Non-past !! Past/Stative |
| !rowspan="2" colspan="2"| | |
| !colspan="2" | Labial | |
| !colspan="2" | Dental/Alveolar | |
| !rowspan="2" | Postalveolar | |
| !colspan="2" | Dorsal | |
| !rowspan="2" | Glottal
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| |- | | |- |
| ! <small>plain</small> | | ! 1sg |
| ! <small>phar.</small>
| | || ''qoolmwlqwd'' || ''qwlkwlqoodqoox'' |
| ! <small>plain</small>
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| ! <small>phar.</small>
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| ! <small>plain.</small>
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| ! <small>phar.</small>
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| |- | | |- |
| !colspan="2"| Nasal | | ! 2sg |
| | '''m''' m || '''M''' mˁ | | || ''koolmwlqwd'' || ''qwlkwlqoodkwt'' |
| | '''n''' n̪ || '''N''' n̪ˁ | |
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| | [ŋ]
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| | [ɴ]
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| |- | | |- |
| !rowspan="2" | Stop | | ! 3sg |
| !<small>aspirated</small>
| | || ''moolmwlqwd'' || ''qwlkwlqood'' |
| | '''p''' pʰ || '''P''' pˁʰ
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| | '''t''' t̪ʰ || '''T''' t̪ˁʰ
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| | '''k''' kʰ | |
| | '''K''' qʰ | |
| |rowspan=2|'''2''' ʔ | |
| |- | | |- |
| !<small>unaspirated</small> | | ! 1pl |
| | '''b''' b || '''B''' bˁ
| | || ''qoolmwlqood'' || ''qwlkwlqoodqoov'' |
| | '''d''' d̪ || '''D''' d̪ˁ
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| | '''g''' ɡ
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| | '''G''' ɢ
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| !rowspan="2"|Fricative | | ! 2pl |
| !<small>voiceless</small>
| | || ''koolmwlqood'' || ''qwlkwlqoodkoov'' |
| | '''f''' f || '''F''' fˁ
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| | '''s''' s || '''S''' sˁ | |
| | '''š''' ʃ
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| | '''x''' ç || '''X''' χ
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| | '''h''' h
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| !<small>voiced</small> | | ! 3pl |
| | '''w''' β || '''W''' wˁ | | || ''moolmwlqood'' || ''qwlkwlqoodmooj'' |
| | '''z''' z || '''Z''' zˁ~ðˁ | |
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| | '''j''' j || '''Γ''' ʁ
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| !colspan=2| Trill | | ! Participle |
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| | |colspan=2| ''moolqwlqwd'' |
| | '''r''' r || '''R''' rˁ
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| !colspan=2| Lateral | | ! Verbal noun |
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| | |colspan=2| ''qwlmwlkwd'' |
| | '''l''' l || '''L''' l̪ˁ
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| |} | | |} |
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| voicing distinction in stops is realized like in Irish; G is usually [q⁼], W = [wˁ], w = [β̞], [β] before vowels
| | ==== Patterns ==== |
| | | (b-j-v 'to do' is used as the placeholder root) |
| t d T D n N L are dental
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| word-final nonemphatic consonants are slightly palatalized
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| Clusters may not follow bwb sws in native words or with Irish words put into Arabic patterns. Irish broad and slender consonants are borrowed as emphatic and nonemphatic consonants, respectively.
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| has a similar vowel inventory to Irish, with short /u/ (retained from Classical Arabic) realized as [y] after nonemphatic consonants and with more vowels from lost ayin
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| a i o u ə ā ē ī ō ū əj əw aj aw ea oa ia ua
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| a is [æ] after nonemphatics, [ɑ] after emphatics
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| i is [i] after nonemphatics, [ɪ] after emphatics
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| u is [ʏ] after nonemphatics, [ʊ] after emphatics
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| unstressed a is [ɐ], unstressed ə is [ʌ] after an emphatic and [ɜ̟] after a nonemphatic
| | Need nif3al and hif3il |
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| == Morphology ==
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| should extract consonantal roots from Irish words
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| === Pronouns === | | === Pronouns === |
| * inə, int, hu(wə), hi(jə), nahnə, intum, hum
| | No subject pronouns |
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| === Nouns ===
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| sound plurals: m. -0 > -īn, f. -ə > -āh;
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| m. pl. const. -ē
| | Pronominal affixes: todo |
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| f. sg. const. -ət/-t (''Gījə'' 'prayer' -> ''Gījət'' 'prayer of', ''Gījəti'' 'my prayer'); f. pl. const. -āt
| | == Syntax == |
| | | === Word order === |
| emphasis spreading to the syllables after a posttonic emphatic
| | Stolen from Lushootseed: predicate-first clauses and determiner-based noun phrases |
| * Gījə 'prayer', Gījəti 'my prayer'; Gījətuh 'his prayer'
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| * taNGə 'language', taNGəTi 'my language'; taNGəTuh 'his language'; taNGijāh 'languages'
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| * baNəXT 'blessing; to bless', bəNāXiT 'blessings'?
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| todo: broken plurals
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| article əl- (moon) or əC- (sun); sun letters D d Z z T t L l N n S s R r š
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| sg and sound pl fem possessives: -i -ək -uh -hə -nə -kum -hum
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| sound pl masc possessives: -ejjə -ēk -ēh -ēhə -ēnə -ēkum -ēhum
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| irish -ə nouns are borrowed as feminine -ə
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| head-marked (house.CONST DEF-king, house-3SG.M DEF-king) or double-marked possessives (house-SG.M DAT DEF-king)
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| === Adjectives === | |
| all adjectives have the same declension: -0 -ə -īn -āh. Inanimate plurals are treated as sg fem
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| === Verbs ===
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| retain passive binyanim as impersonal; maSdars work like Irish verbnouns
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| === Prepositions === | |
| frē = against? frejjə, frēk, frēh, frēhə, frēnə, frēkum, frēhum
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| alā = on; alejjə, alēk, ...
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| mijejn 'about' (~ Scottish Gaelic mu dheidhinn): mijejni, mijejnək, mijejnih, mijejnhə, mijejnnə, mijejnkum, mijejnhum
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| fī is matched to faoi sometimes
| | === Noun phrases === |
| | Noun phrases acting as constituents rather than as predicates need the determiner ''qw'': |
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| === Numerals ===
| | : Compare: |
| wāhəd, tnēn, tlātə, aRBa, hamsə, sittə, saba, tmānijə, disa, āšRə
| | :''Qw'''d'''kw'''l'''qw'''b''' qw qw'''b'''mw'''d'''qw'''g'''.'' |
| | : Qwbmwdqwg is easy. |
| | :''Qw'''b'''mw'''d'''qw'''g''' kwt. Qoo Kwskwskwskws kwt.'' |
| | : This is Qwbmwdqwg. And this is Quququqquq. |
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| == Syntax == | | === Emphasis === |
| Irish/Gàidhlig relex; VSO and verbnouns whose possessors are direct objects. Even more Irishy than Irta Modern Hebrew; grammar-wise it's the most Irishy Irtan Semlang.
| | The emphatic pronoun is ''koo'' in all persons and numbers. It serves the same role as Irish emphatic forms. |
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| == Texts ==
| | * ''qoo'''s'''mw'''s''''' 'I go' |
| === The Lord's Prayer ===
| | * ''qoo'''s'''mw'''s''' koo'' / ''koo qoo'''s'''mw'''s''''' '<i>I</i> go' |
| called ''əl-Pādir'' or ''əl-misērnə''
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| [[Category:Semitic languages]] | | [[Category:Conlangs]] |
| | [[Category:Angai]] |