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[[Oselish/Music]]
[[Riphean/Music]]


'''Riphean''' (''riviske ṛstine'') is an Indo-European language in the Nithic branch, a satem branch in a clade with [[Azalic]]. It's spoken in Irta's Ukraine, Belarus, and Korea, and is influenced by Uralic languages. It's also spoken in the island of Nōje Ceme (Isle of Man in our timeline), and substantial Riphean-speaking communities exist in parts of Irta's Russia, Alaska and Tibet. More recently it has absorbed words and calques from various Mediterranean languages.
'''Riphean''' is a para-Balto-Slavic language of [[Verse:Ed Dynje|Ed Dynje]], spoken in our Poland, Prussia, Latvia and Lithuania. It is inspired by Czech and Dutch.
== TODO ==
* ''dzas'' 'gas' (from g'hh2sos, cognate to ''chaos'')
=== UDHR ===
''Wiži dzíni kiman waleni um lejki zwem chejn um zwame đejžem.''


Riphean has many accents and there is even a creole of Riphean, Korean and a little Nivkh, ''Bamaej-eo'' (literally "mixed language"), with some Korean words and mostly Korean syntax. Bamaej-eo, spoken in Irta Sakhalin, is notable for being the only modern Riphic language which preserves the stop system of Middle Riphean, reinforced by Korean's stop system. Another notable creole is Riphlish, spoken by Riphean people in Anglophone parts of [[Verse:Irta]]. It has Riphean syntax but generally less free word order, influenced by English, and a general reduction in morphology (there is no grammatical case in Riphlish, as in Bulgarian). Riphlish has some peculiar grammatical quirks found in neither Riphean nor English, such as the total avoidance of infinitive forms (believed to be borrowed from Arabic), and a total syncretism of the dative and the genitive, using the apostrophe -'s for both. Some features borrowed from English are besides the more rigid word order, the presence of analytic tenses and a perfect tense construction with the verb ''emi'' "to have" (''aiđi'' in standard Riphean; personal forms use the root ''em-'').
/ˈʋɪ{{ž}}ɪ ˈdziːɲɪ ˈkɪman ˈʋaleɲɪ ɪm ˈlɛjkɪ zʋɛm xɛjn ɪm ˈzʋamɛ ˈðɛjʒɛm/


Modern Riphean is notable for mostly preserving PIE's syllabic approximants, ḷ and ṛ. However, Riphean consonants display various innovations including Grimm's law taken a step further (as in Dutch in our timeline).
(um ~ Latin ambō)  


==Todo==
hejn ~ τῑμή 'honor', đejše ~ teisė


''Kīwaiđaza kala in utnė vlōje'' - The living fish swims in water.
== Phonology ==
Riphean has consistent initial stress and a prosody similar to Czech.


''lauzme'' - world, from *lewk-mn; stem ''lauzmen-''
== Morphology ==
=== Nouns and adjectives ===
<poem>
'the happy person'
nom. zachistľuwe dzín, zachistľuwi dzíni
acc. zachistľuwou dzín, zachistľuwej dzíni
gen. zachistľuwez dzínez, zachistľuwiž dzíni
dat. zachistľuwem dzín, zachistľuwame dzínem
</poem>


''vrirasti'' - nature
=== Numerals ===
ejn, twá, đrí, cheđur, víg, zešt, zevouđ, estuđ, ňouđ, tezou


''zaurasti'' - nurture
ejnľez, twáľez, đríľez, cheđurľez, víľez, zešľez, zevaľez, estľez, ňouľez, twácouđi


''-wite'' - science
đrícouđi, cheđurcouđi, vícouđi, zešcouđi, zevacouđi, escouđi, ňucouđi, stou? (random change from kmtom -> ktom, influenced by the ordinal stouđe <- ktm-tos)
 
== Swadesh list ==
*''vamēzwite'', ''xīmje'' - chemistry
<poem>
**''vamēzwitina panta'' - chemical bond
I: ec
*''sternawite'' - astronomy
thou: đu
*''wistōrje'' - history (later coinage)
he: iž
''nepalaste'' - anesthesia
we: muž
*''nepalastwite'' - anesthesiology
ye: juž
''trōkzaiđaste'' - synesthesia
they:
 
this: siđe
''zaiđna'' - sensory
that: đađe
 
here: sur
''trōkna'' - concomitant, ''trōken'' - together
there: đur
 
</poem>
''yēre, lėđe, azanye, cīme'' - seasons
 
''azaniđi'' - to harvest, to earn (semantics influenced by the English cognate)
 
''lėđe'' - (poetic) year
 
''weđa'' - year
 
''ōster'' - morning
 
''uđrni'' - noon
 
''sletuđrni'' - afternoon
 
''wespra'' - evening
 
''naiđ'' - night
 
''skīye'' - shadow
 
''skēwiđi'' - to walk
 
''wart'' - plant
 
''cweri'' - animal
 
''sēne'' - fungus
 
''vratānik'' - prokaryote
 
''zōtānik'' - eukaryote
 
===Bamaej-eo===
Kioneun kala unneo-in blon-ada. - The living fish swims in water (-neun, -ada and syntax from Korean, the rest is Riphic)
 
Three numeral systems - Riphic, Korean and Sinitic
 
Tons of deictics as in Nivkh
 
==Numbers==
aina, twā, đrije, xeđure, vaixe, zes, zevu, astu, nȯ, teγu
 
==Grammar==
Oselish has three noun genders, termed animate, inanimate and collective by native grammarians. These correspond to masculine, neuter and feminine genders in other Indo-European languages. The correlation between grammatical gender and biological gender is much less in Oselish than in other IE languages, due to the influence of Uralic languages.
 
As in Latin and Greek, Oselish has various declension paradigms for nouns. Some common ones are:
*first declension nouns - inanimate suffixless, animate ''-a'', collective ''-e''
*second declension nouns - ''-i'', independent of gender
*third declension nouns - ''-u'', independent of gender
 
Gender has been almost completely regularized in Oselish, again due to Uralic influence -- it is correlated with morphology, so all nouns ending in ''-e'' are collective, even nouns like ''aste'' (bone), which derives from the Old Oselish neuter noun ''haste''. Most notably, Oselish pronouns do not inflect for gender, as in Armenian and Persian, but adjectives do; adjective genders follow lexical animacy when the noun is second or third declension and they follow nominal morphology for first declension nouns. There is also a distinction between attributive and predicative adjectives, with predicative adjectives never taking suffixes:
* En sive atvėziđe. "It is a good document".
* Ene atvėziđe siv. "That document is good".
 
An example animate noun: kala "fish"
*Nominative: kala, kalė
*Accusative: kalu, kalė/kalō
*Genitive: kalas, kalō
*Dative: kalė, kalām
*Instrumental: kalam, kalėm
 
An example collective noun: pluze "flea"
*Nominative: pluze, pluzė
*Accusative: pluzai, pluzė/pluzō
*Genitive: pluzes, pluzō
*Dative: pluzēvi, pluzēm
*Instrumental: pluzai, pluzėm
 
A neuter noun: tėđ "child"
*Nominative: tėđ, tėđe
*Accusative: tėđ, tėđe/tėđō
*Genitive: tėđas, tėđō
*Dative: tėđė, tėđām
*Instrumental: tėđam, tėđėm
 
===Adjectives===
While Oselish doesn't have definite articles, Oselish adjectives inflect for definiteness. There are generally two forms for adjectives, the indefinite form and the definite form formed by postposing a clitic -za, -ze or -đa. The rules are as follows:
*-za after animate singular nominative nouns
*-ze after collective singular nominative and accusative nouns
*-đa elsewhere
 
===Verbs===
 
Verbs in Oselish do not inflect for aspect but there are lexical aspects, formed from prefixes (analogous to phrasal verbs in English), root extensions and sometimes suppletion. There are three tenses in Oselish: nonpast, direct past and inferential past, the latter deriving from an Old Oselish pluperfect tense.
 
==Syntax==
 
Syntax in Oselish is quite free.

Latest revision as of 02:57, 1 April 2024

Riphean/Music

Riphean is a para-Balto-Slavic language of Ed Dynje, spoken in our Poland, Prussia, Latvia and Lithuania. It is inspired by Czech and Dutch.

TODO

  • dzas 'gas' (from g'hh2sos, cognate to chaos)

UDHR

Wiži dzíni kiman waleni um lejki zwem chejn um zwame đejžem.

/ˈʋɪʒɪ ˈdziːɲɪ ˈkɪman ˈʋaleɲɪ ɪm ˈlɛjkɪ zʋɛm xɛjn ɪm ˈzʋamɛ ˈðɛjʒɛm/

(um ~ Latin ambō)

hejn ~ τῑμή 'honor', đejše ~ teisė

Phonology

Riphean has consistent initial stress and a prosody similar to Czech.

Morphology

Nouns and adjectives

'the happy person'
nom. zachistľuwe dzín, zachistľuwi dzíni
acc. zachistľuwou dzín, zachistľuwej dzíni
gen. zachistľuwez dzínez, zachistľuwiž dzíni
dat. zachistľuwem dzín, zachistľuwame dzínem

Numerals

ejn, twá, đrí, cheđur, víg, zešt, zevouđ, estuđ, ňouđ, tezou

ejnľez, twáľez, đríľez, cheđurľez, víľez, zešľez, zevaľez, estľez, ňouľez, twácouđi

đrícouđi, cheđurcouđi, vícouđi, zešcouđi, zevacouđi, escouđi, ňucouđi, stou? (random change from kmtom -> ktom, influenced by the ordinal stouđe <- ktm-tos)

Swadesh list

I: ec
thou: đu
he: iž
we: muž
ye: juž
they:
this: siđe
that: đađe
here: sur
there: đur

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