Verse:Mwail/Kawenic languages: Difference between revisions

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{{List subpages}}
== Family tree ==
'''Eliaká''' (Ελιιακά) or '''Eliačíe glôssa''' (Ελιιακή γλώσσα /ɛʎɪ̯aˈt͡ɕɪ̯ɛ ˈgɫʊ̯ɔsɐ/) is a Hellenic language (a descendent of quasi-Koiné Greek) inspired mainly by Portuguese and secondarily by Czech/SLovak and Russian. It is the third most populous Hellenic language in the Irta timeline.
* Kawenic
 
** Quququqquqqic
Initial r, rr, r in front of i/j > Czech ř
*** [[Verse:Angai/Quququqquq|Quququqquq]]: Angai Japan and Korea, which consists of two countries, one liberal democracy and one ecofascist state; Angai western North America, including California
 
**** (Timeline 3) An Uwulang giblang
Numbers:  
*** [[Verse:Angai/Tucootka|Tucootka]]
# m: εις ''his'' /ɪʃ/ f: μνια ''mnia'' /mɲɪ̯ɐ/ n: εμ ''hem'' /ɛũ/
** [[Verse:Angai/Tuatu'yat|Tuatu'yat]]
# διου ''diu'' /dʐu/
** [[Verse:Angai/Kawenyen|Kawenyen]]
# τρεις ''třis'' /tr̝iʃ/
** [[Verse:Angai/Sikorian|Sikorian]]
# τέσσερα ''téssera'' /ˈtesɨrə/
# πέντε ''pente'' /pɪ̃tʂɨ/
# έιξε ''heixe'' /ˈeiʃɨ/
# εύτα ''heuta'' /ˈɛutə/
# οϊτώ ''oitô'' /oiˈtoə/
# ενία ''enhia'' /ɪ̃ˈɲiə/
# δέκα ''deca'' /ˈdekə/


== Phonology ==
== Phonology ==
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
/t~ɾ k~ɣ~ʔ s m n~ŋ~ɴ {{zh}} j w a ə u/
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | [[Front vowel|Front]]
! colspan="2" | [[Back vowel|Back]]
|- class=small
! short
! long
! short
! long
|-
! align="left" | [[Close vowel|Close]]
| align="center" | {{IPA link|i̞|i}}
| align="center" | {{IPA link|i̞|iː}}
| align="center" | {{IPA link|u̞|u}}
| align="center" | {{IPA link|u̞|uː}}
|-
! align="left" | [[Mid vowel|Mid]]
| align="center" | {{IPA link|e̞|e}}
| align="center" | ({{IPA link|e̞|eː}})
| align="center" | {{IPA link|ɔ}}
| align="center" | ({{IPA link|ɔː}})
|-
! align="left" | [[Open vowel|Open]]
| align="center" | ({{IPA|æ}})<!-- Do not use the IPA link template here. /æ/ is a phonological monophthong, not a phonetic one. Phonetically, it is an opening diphthong [ɛɐ]. -->
|
| align="center" | {{IPA link|ä|a}}
| align="center" | {{IPA link|ä|aː}}
|-
! align="left" | [[Diphthong]]s
| colspan="4" align="center" | {{IPA|(ɪu) &nbsp; ɪe &nbsp; ɪɐ &nbsp; ʊɔ}}
|}
 
 
 
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
|+ Slovak consonant phonemes{{sfnp|Hanulíková|Hamann|2010|p=374}}
! colspan="3" |
! [[Labial consonant|Labial]]
! [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! [[Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
! [[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! colspan="3" | [[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| {{IPA link|m}}
| {{IPA link|n}}
|
| {{IPA link|ɲ}}
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | [[Plosive consonant|Plosive]]
! {{small|[[voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
| {{IPA link|p}}
| {{IPA link|t}}
|
| {{IPA link|c}} {{sfnp|Pavlík|2004|pp=99,106}}
| {{IPA link|k}}
|
|-
! {{small|[[voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
| {{IPA link|b}}
| {{IPA link|d}}
|
| {{IPA link|ɟ}} {{sfnp|Pavlík|2004|pp=99,106}}
| {{IPA link|ɡ}}
|
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
! {{small|[[voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
|
| {{IPA link|ts}}
| {{IPA link|tʂ}}
|
|
|
|-
! {{small|[[voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
|
| {{IPA link|dz}}
| {{IPA link|dʐ}}
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
! {{small|[[voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
| {{IPA link|f}}
| {{IPA link|s}}
| {{IPA link|ʂ}}
|
| {{IPA link|x}}
|
|-
! {{small|[[voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
|{{IPA link|ʋ|v}}
| {{IPA link|z}}
| {{IPA link|ʐ}}
|
|
| {{IPA link|ɦ}}
|-
! rowspan="3" | [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
! colspan="2" | {{small|plain}}
| {{IPA link||}}
|
|
| {{IPA link|j}}
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | {{small|[[Lateral consonant|lateral]]}}
! {{small|short}}
|
| {{IPA link|ɫ|l}}
|
| {{IPA link|ʎ}}
|
|
|-
! {{small|[[gemination|geminated]]}}
|
| {{IPA link|ɫ|lː}}
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | [[Trill consonant|Trill]]
! {{small|short}}
|
| {{IPA link|ɾ|r}}<!-- Please do not change it to "{{IPA link|ɾ}}", we transcribe it as reliable sources do. -->
|
|
|
|
|-
! {{small|[[gemination|geminated]]}}
|
| {{IPA link|r|rː}}<!-- Please do not change it to "{{IPA link|r}}", we transcribe it as reliable sources do. -->
|
|
|
|
|}
 
== Morphology ==
=== Nouns ===
Elicá kept only two cases, nominative and genitive/accusative; it merged the genitive and the accusative but kept some of the old accusative forms (compared to [[Ašča]], which kept the nominative, genitive and vocative). However, Elicá preserves the neuter gender unlike [[Ašča]]. Possession is indicated with για ''ja'' (from AGr δια), and ''definite'' accusative objects are marked with σ- or στ- before the definite article.
 
The declension classes are:
* ''o ánßropos'' /u 'ɔũsropuʃ/
* ''o ándras'' = /u 'ɔũdrɐʃ/, Αγαπάω στο άνδρα. ''Agapáo sto ándra.'' /əgɐ'pau stu ɔũdrɐ/ 'I love the man'
* ''to dôro'' /tu 'doəru/
* ''to pezí'' /tu pe'ʒi/
* ''i głốssa''
* ''i pßisí''
* ''o strachốtis''
* ''to ásty''
 
 
* nom. sg. ''o ánßropos'' /ɔũsropuʃ/, gen./acc. sg. ''ja to anßrópu'' /ɔũ'sropu/, nom. pl. ''i anßrópi'' /'ɔũsropi/, gen./acc. pl. ''ja tum anßrópõu'' /ɔũ'sropoũ/
* ''o ándras'', ''ja to ándra'', ''i ándres'', ''ja tum ándrum''
* nom. sg. ''to dôro'' /'doəru/, gen./acc. sg. ''ja to dôru'' /'doəru/, nom. pl. ''ta dôra'' /'doərə/, gen./acc.pl. ''ja tum dôrõu'' /'doəroũ/
* ''e głôssa'' /gʀoəsə/, ''ja tem głôssa'' /gʀoəsə/, ''es głôsses'' /gʀoəsɪʃ/, ''ja tum głôssam'' /'gʀoəsɐũ/
* ''e pßisê'' /psi'ʃeə/, ''ja tem pßisê'' /psi'ʃeə/, ''es pßises'' /psi'ʃɪʃ/, ''ja tum pßisím'' /psi'ʃĩ/
 
=== Verbs ===
-tem comes from -te hymeis
==== Consonant verbs ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
|+ γράφειμ ''gráfim'' 'to write'
! voice !! tense || ''gô'' || ''si'' || ''outós/outê'' || ''mís'' || ''ís'' || ''outí/outés''
|-
! rowspan="3" |active !! present
| γράφω ''gráfo'' /'grafu/ || γράφεις ''gráfis'' /'grafɪʃ/ || γράφει ''gráfi'' /'grafɪ/ || γράφουμε ''gráfume'' /'grafʊmɪ/ || γράφειτεμ ''gráfitem'' /'grafɪtʂɪ̃/ || γράφουσ ''gráfuß'' /'grafʊs/
|-
! subjunctive
| γράψω ''grápßo'' /'grapsu/ || γράψεις ''grápßis'' /'grapsɪʃ/ || γράψει ''grápßi'' /'grapsɪ/ || γράψουμε ''grápßume'' /'grapsʊmɪ/ || γράψειτεμ ''grápßitem'' /'grapsɪtʂɪ̃/ || γράψουσ ''grápßuß'' /'grapsʊs/
|-
! past
| έγραψα ''égrapßa'' /'ɛgrapsu/ || έγραψας ''égrapßas'' /'ɛgrapsɐʃ/ || έγραψε ''égrapße'' /'ɛgrapsɪ/ || γράψαμε ''grápßame'' /'grapsɐmɪ/ || γράψατεμ ''grápßatem'' /'grapsɪtʂɪ̃/ || έγραψασ ''égrapßaß'' /'ɛgrɐpsɐs/
|}
 
==== ''a''-contracted verbs ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
|+ αγαπάμ ''agapám'' 'to love'
! voice !! tense || ''gô'' || ''si'' || ''outós/outê'' || ''mís'' || ''ís'' || ''outí/outés''
|-
! rowspan="3" |active !! present
| αγαπάω ''agapáo'' /əgɐ'pau/ || αγαπάεις ''agapáis'' /əgɐ'paɪʃ/ || αγαπάει ''agapái'' /əgɐ'paɪ/ || αγαπάμε ''agapáme'' /əgɐ'pamɪ/ || αγαπάτεμ ''agapátem'' /əgɐ'patʂɪ̃/ || αγαπάσ ''agapáß'' /əgɐ'pas/
|-
! subjunctive
| αγαπήσω ''agapêso'' /əgɐ'piəsu/ || αγαπήσεις ''agapêsis'' /əgɐ'piəsɪʃ/ || αγαπήσει ''agapêsi'' /əgɐ'piəsɪ/ || αγαπήσουμε ''agapêsume'' /əgɐ'piəsʊmɪ/ || αγαπήσετεμ ''agapêsetem'' /əgɐ'piəsɪtʂɪ̃/ || αγαπήσουσ ''agapêsuß'' /əgɐ'piəsʊs/
|-
! past
| αγαπήκα ''agapêca'' /əgɐ'piəkə/ || αγαπήκας ''agapêcas'' /əgɐ'piəkəʃ/ || αγαπήκε ''agapêce'' /əgɐ'piətʃɪ/ || αγαπήκαμε ''agapêcame'' /əgɐ'piəkəmɪ/ || αγαπήκατεμ ''agapêcatem'' /əgɐ'piəkətʂɪ̃/ || αγαπήκασ ''agapêcaß'' /əgɐ'piəkɐs/
|}
 
[[Category:Hellenic languages]]
{{IE|}}

Latest revision as of 00:36, 24 June 2025

Family tree

  • Kawenic
    • Quququqquqqic
      • Quququqquq: Angai Japan and Korea, which consists of two countries, one liberal democracy and one ecofascist state; Angai western North America, including California
        • (Timeline 3) An Uwulang giblang
      • Tucootka
    • Tuatu'yat
    • Kawenyen
    • Sikorian

Phonology

/t~ɾ k~ɣ~ʔ s m n~ŋ~ɴ ɻ j w a ə u/

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