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'''NOTICE: Documentation moved to [https://mwail.miraheze.org/wiki/Netagin Mwail Miraheze].'''
{{list subpages}}
{{list subpages}}
:''This article describes Classical Netagin. See subpages for the modern vernacular lects.''


{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
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|familycolor=idavic
|familycolor=idavic
|fam1=[[Idavic]]
|fam1=[[Idavic]]
|setting = [[Verse:Tricin]], [[Verse:CF Tricin]]
|setting = [[Verse:Tricin]]
|iso3=
|iso3=
|notice=
|notice=
}}
}}


In Tricin, '''Netagin''' (English: net-ə-GHEEN; natively ''ne Nătahin'' [nɛː nət̪ɐːˈɦiːːn]; [[Nurian]]: ''xi Nŧeahem''; [[Naeng]]: ''fi brits Inthăgin''; [[Eevo]]: ''a łynǿñ Ynþyjín'') is a major [[Bjeheond]]ian language and an isolate within the [[Idavic languages|Idavic]] language family. It is native to [[Verse:Tricin/Tumhan|Tumhan]] (Netagin: ''Tumhan'' /tʉmˈɦan/). Classical Netagin has influenced [[Naeng]], [[Nurian]] and [[Ksieh]]. Netagin is intended to be optimized for writing poems in Hebrew piyyut meters (without being a Hebrew giblang): like Hebrew, Netagin has triconsonantal morphology, final stress and stressed suffixes, so that it is natural to rhyme by having the last syllables the same like in Jewish piyyutim. It tends to be verb-initial and head-initial like Hebrew, and its morphosyntactic alignment is split-S and predicate-first with some Austronesian elements. Netagin is the most grammatically conservative extant branch of Idavic, because it has preserved Proto-Idavic triconsonantal morphology and morphosyntax. Despite being a head-initial language like most Talman languages including [[Naeng]] and [[Talmic languages]], as well as Hebrew and Irish, Classical Netagin grammar is meant to have some alien features even to speakers of these languages. Hebrew is a heavy inspiration for the diachronics, however (except postvocalic lenition).
'''Netagin''' (English: net-ə-GHEEN; natively ''ne Nătahin'' [nɛː nətɐːˈɦiːːn]) is an isolate within the [[Idavic languages|Idavic]] language family. It is native to [[Verse:Tricin/Tumhan|Tumhan]] (Netagin: ''Tumhan'' /tʉmˈɦan/). Netagin is intended to be optimized for writing poems in Hebrew piyyut meters (without being a Hebrew giblang): like Hebrew, Netagin has triconsonantal morphology, final stress and stressed suffixes, so that it is natural to rhyme by having the last syllables the same like in Jewish piyyutim. It tends to be verb-initial and head-initial like Hebrew, and its morphosyntactic alignment is split-S and predicate-first. Netagin is the most grammatically conservative extant branch of Idavic, because it has preserved Proto-Idavic triconsonantal morphology and morphosyntax. Despite being a head-initial language like Hebrew and Irish, Netagin grammar is meant to have some alien features even to speakers of these languages. Hebrew is a heavy inspiration for the diachronics, however (except postvocalic lenition).
 
This article describes Classical Netagin which is used for special effect in modern times, e.g. in classical Netagin music and poetry. The standard variety today is [[Śinax Netagin]], spoken in Bjeheond's capital Șinach (''Śinax'') and in Cualuav's Andaegor, though there are many other mutually unintelligible Netagin varieties.


This is the seventh version of Netagin. Its aesthetic is inspired by Hebrew, Maltese, Czech/Slovak, Middle Vietnamese and [[Naeng]]. Its morphology is inspired by Semitic, its morphosyntax by Lushootseed and Austronesian, and its motion verbs by Slavic.
This is the seventh version of Netagin. Its aesthetic is inspired by Hebrew, Maltese, Czech/Slovak, Middle Vietnamese and [[Naeng]]. Its morphology is inspired by Semitic, its morphosyntax by Lushootseed, and its motion verbs by Slavic.


==Todo==
==Todo==
* Change ea to ė
* nC > CC like in Heb
* nC > CC like in Heb
* think absolute vs. construct plays more nicely in piyyutim than nominative vs. genitive
* think absolute vs. construct plays more nicely in piyyutim than nominative vs. genitive
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* Proto-Netagin had a marked absolute state in -i, construct removed the -i
* Proto-Netagin had a marked absolute state in -i, construct removed the -i
** Decl A: sg -i/-0 > stress patterns, pl -āli/-āl > pl -ůl/-ů
** Decl A: sg -i/-0 > stress patterns, pl -āli/-āl > pl -ůl/-ů
** Decl B: sg -eki/-ek > PNtg -eć/-ek > CNtg -iś/-ek, pl -aka/-ak > -ā/-ak > CNtg -a/-ak
** Decl B: sg -eki/-ek > PNtg -eč/-ek > CNtg -iš/-ek, pl -aka/-ak > -ā/-ak > CNtg -a/-ak


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
The phonology of Classical Netagin is described by the grammarian and polymath Bůhiś Naťťem.
The phonology of Classical Netagin is described by the grammarian and polymath Bůhiš Naťťem.
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
Netagin has 24 consonants:
Netagin has 22 consonants:
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 500px; "
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 500px; "
! colspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |
! |Labial
! |Labial
! |Dental
! |Lamino-dental
! | Alveolar
! |Apico-alveolar
! |Retroflex
! |Palatal
! |Palatal
! |Velar
! |Velar
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! colspan="2" |Nasal
! colspan="2" |Nasal
| |'''m''' /m/
| |'''m''' /m/
|colspan=4|'''n''' /n̪~n~ɳ~ɲ/
|colspan=3|'''n''' /n̪~n~ɳ~ɲ/
| |'''ŋ''' /ŋ/
| |'''l''' /ŋ/
| |
| |
|-
|-
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! <small>voiceless</small>
! <small>voiceless</small>
|'''p''' /p/
|'''p''' /p/
|'''t''' /t̪/
|'''ť''' /t̪~c{{adv}}/
|colspan=2|'''ť''' /t~ʈ/
|'''t''' /t~ʈ/
|
|
|'''k''' /k/
|'''k''' /k/
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! <small>voiced</small>
! <small>voiced</small>
|'''b''' /b/
|'''b''' /b/
|'''d''' /d̪/
|'''ď''' /d̪~ɟ{{adv}}/
|colspan=2|'''ď''' /d~ɖ/
|'''d''' /d~ɖ/
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|'''s''' /s̠/
|'''s''' /s̠/
|
|'''š''' /ʃ/
|'''ś''' /ɕ/
|'''x''' /x/
|'''x''' /x/
|
|
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|
|
|'''z''' /z̠/
|'''z''' /z̠/
|
|'''ž''' /ʒ/
|'''ź''' /ʑ/
|
|
|'''h''' /ɦ/
|'''h''' /ɦ/
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|
|
|'''c''' /ts̠/
|'''c''' /ts̠/
|
|'''č''' /tʃ/
|'''ć''' /t͡ɕ/
|
|
|
|
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! colspan="2" |Resonant
! colspan="2" |Resonant
|  
|  
| '''l''' /ɫ/
|  
| '''r''' /r~ɾ~ʀ/
| '''r''' /r~ɾ~ʀ/
| '''ř''' /ɻ/
| '''j''' /j/
| '''j''' /j/
|
|
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|}
|}
Voiceless stops are unaspirated.
Voiceless stops are unaspirated.
The dental stops ''ť ď'' are pronounced as laminal alveolar stops [c{{adv}} ɟ{{adv}}] in front of ''i ie j''.
''š ž č'' are laminal palatalized postalveolar.


The following classes of consonants are classified as 'weak letters' in Classical Netagin and cause [[Netagin/Gzarot|irregular gzarot]]:
The following classes of consonants are classified as 'weak letters' in Classical Netagin and cause [[Netagin/Gzarot|irregular gzarot]]:
*'''Semivowels''': ''j v''
*'''Semivowels''': ''j v''
*'''Palatals''': ''ś ź ć j''
*'''Palatals''': ''š ž č j''
*'''Retroflexes''': ''ť ď s z ř''
*'''Retroflexes''': ''t d s z''
*'''Ungeminables''': ''q h ř''
*'''Ungeminables''': ''q h r''


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
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no initial clusters, max cluster length 2
no initial clusters, max cluster length 2


cluster consonants can be arbitrary as long as voice assimilated
cluster consonants can be arbitrary


Possible vowel final vowels: /ɪ, e, a, ea, o, u, i, y/ (cf TibH /ɔ, ɛ, e, o, i, u/)
Possible vowel final vowels: /ɪ, e, a, ea, o, u, i, y/ (cf TibH /ɔ, ɛ, e, o, i, u/)
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===Other phonetic rules===
===Other phonetic rules===
* y > i, after C[+palatal]: śy źy ćy jy > śi źi ći ji
* y > i, after C[+palatal]: šy žy čy jy > ši ži či ji
* In unstressed syllables, a > e after C[+palatal]: śa źa ća ja > śe źe će je
* In unstressed syllables, a > e after C[+palatal]: ša ža ča ja > še že če je
* unstresssed y > a adjacent before /l/
* unstresssed y > a adjacent before /l/


== Script ==
== Script ==
Netagin script is an abugida developed from the Ancient Gwnax script. Before vowel markings were codified, some Netagin writings used the consonant letters as an abjad with letters for ''v j q h'' used as matres lectionis.
The classical Netagin script is a logography. Consonantal roots are represented by semantic or phonosemantic characters. The root characters are inserted into patterns that represent noun and verb templates and their inflected forms.
 
Vowel signs shouldn't rely on the number of dots. I dislike drawing dots lol, I'm looking at you, segol


==Morphology==
==Morphology==
Like Semitic languages, Netagin is triconsonantal. The root m-c-ŋ 'to do' is used for demonstrating stems formed from roots.
Like Semitic languages, Netagin is triconsonantal. The root m-c-l 'to do' is used for demonstrating stems formed from roots.
===Pronominal markers===
===Pronominal markers===
Netagin has many sets of personal markers:
Netagin has many sets of personal markers:
*Independent personal pronouns, serving as subject pronouns in independent clauses (corresponding to Lushootseed ''ćəd''-words)
*Independent personal pronouns, serving as subject pronouns in independent clauses (corresponding to Lushootseed ''čəd''-words)
*Emphatic personal pronouns: used for emphasis, and for calling someone with a 2nd person pronoun (corresponding to Lushootseed ''ʔaca''-words and Irish emphatic pronouns)
*Emphatic personal pronouns: used for emphasis, and for calling someone with a 2nd person pronoun (corresponding to Lushootseed ''ʔaca''-words and Irish emphatic pronouns)
*The "me too, you too, etc." forms
*The "me too, you too, etc." forms
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|-
|-
! Independent
! Independent
| ''viel'' || ''vieb'' || ''-'' || ''vieć'' || ''vyni'' || ''-''
| ''viel'' || ''vieb'' || ''-'' || ''vieč'' || ''vyni'' || ''-''
|-
|-
! Emphatic
! Emphatic
| ''hanli'' || ''hanvů'' || (demonstratives such as ''kyne'' are used) || ''hanćů''  || ''hanni'' || (demonstratives are used)
| ''hanli'' || ''hanvů'' || (demonstratives such as ''kyne'' are used) || ''hančů''  || ''hanni'' || (demonstratives are used)
|-
|-
! Alienable
! Alienable
| ''l(e)-'' || ''b(e)-'' || ''qyn-/qym-'' || ''ć(e)-'' || ''n(e)-'' || ''qie-''  
| ''l(e)-'' || ''b(e)-'' || ''qyn-/qym-'' || ''č(e)-'' || ''n(e)-'' || ''qie-''  
|-
|-
! Inalienable
! Inalienable
| ''-al'' || ''-ab'' || ''-i'' || ''-ćů'' || ''-bi'' || ''-us''
| ''-al'' || ''-ab'' || ''-i'' || ''-čů'' || ''-bi'' || ''-us''
|-
|-
! "X too"
! "X too"
| ''telaś'' || ''tebaś'' || (demonstratives are used) || ''tyćaś'' || ''tynnaś'' || (demonstratives are used)
| ''telaš'' || ''tebaš'' || (demonstratives are used) || ''tyčaš'' || ''tynnaš'' || (demonstratives are used)
|-
|-
|}
|}
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In Netagin, emphatic subject pronouns are often part of Ancient-Greek style Wackernagel clitic complexes.
In Netagin, emphatic subject pronouns are often part of Ancient-Greek style Wackernagel clitic complexes.
[So far this is not too different from Tigol or Anbirese. The weird part is the morphosyntax.]


===Nouns and adjectives===
===Nouns and adjectives===
NEW DECLENSION
Netagin has two numbers and absolute and construct states (but no gender). Like in Tiberian Hebrew, the construct state may have different shapes from having subtly different stress in older stages. Netagin nouns and adjectives fall into declension classes:
Netagin has two numbers and absolute and construct states (but no gender). Like in Tiberian Hebrew, the construct state may have different shapes from having subtly different stress in older stages. Netagin nouns and adjectives fall into declension classes:
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
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!
!
! colspan=2| ''liet'' = man (decl. A)
! colspan=2| ''liet'' = man (decl. A)
! colspan=2| ''qăśteleś'' = sparrow (decl. B)
! colspan=2| ''qăšteleš'' = sparrow (decl. B)
! colspan=2| ''jůśi'' = person (decl. C)
! colspan=2| ''jůši'' = person (decl. C)
! colspan=2| ''Nătahin'' = Netagin person (decl. D)
! colspan=2| ''Nătahin'' = Netagin person (decl. D)
|-
|-
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|align="right"|'''Absolute state'''
|align="right"|'''Absolute state'''
|''liet'' ||''liet'''ůl'''''
|''liet'' ||''liet'''ůl'''''
|''qăśtel'''eś''''' ||''qăśtel'''aś'''''
|''qăštel'''eš''''' ||''qăštel'''iš'''''
|''jůśi'' ||'''''ŋy'''jůśi''
|''jůši'' ||'''''ly'''jůši''
||''Nătah'''in'''''||''Nătah'''ie'''''
||''Nătah'''in'''''||''Nătah'''ie'''''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Construct state'''
|align="right"|'''Construct state'''
|''liet-'' ||''liet'''ů'''-''
|''liet-'' ||''liet'''ů'''-''
|''qyśtyl'''ek-''''' ||''qyśtyl'''ak-'''''
|''qyštyl'''ek-''''' ||''qyštyl'''ik-'''''
|''jůśė-'' ||'''''ŋy'''jůśė-''
|''jůšė-'' ||'''''ly'''jůšė-''
||''-''||''-''
||''-''||''-''
|}
|}
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The suffix ''-in'' (which is analogous to Semitic ''-i'') is used on some nouns and adjectives. These don't have separate construct state forms.
The suffix ''-in'' (which is analogous to Semitic ''-i'') is used on some nouns and adjectives. These don't have separate construct state forms.


:'''''"Qaj, larśip ne dáqer rysohe qalok." baruc ne qama.'''''
:'''''"Qaj, laršip ne dáqer rysohe qalok." baruc nė qama.'''''
:/ʔaj lɐr'ʃip nɛ 'daʔɛr rɨso'ɦɛ ʔɐ'lok ba'ruts nɛə ʔɐma/
:/ʔaj ŋɐr'ʃip nɛ 'daʔɛr rɨso'ɦɛ ʔɐ'ŋok ba'ruts ne ʔɐma/
:MIR me-exceed-he DET.SING son.SING big-ADV already speak-3SG.F DET mother.SING
:MIR me-exceed-he DET.SING son.SING big-ADV already speak-3SG.F DET mother.SING
:("'Behold, the son exceeds me bigly already,' spoke the mother.")
:("'Behold, the son exceeds me bigly already,' spoke the mother.")
:"Oh my, my boy is bigger than me already!" said the mother.
:"Oh my, my boy is bigger than me already!" said the mother.
===== Possessed forms =====
Unsuffixed nouns:
* abs: ''xozăn'' 'Netagin qanun'
* const: ''xozna'' (Netagin segolates take -a for the construct; the construct csn be unpredictable)
* 1sg: ''xoznal''
* 2sg: ''xoznab''
* 3sg: ''xozni''
* 1pl: ''xoznėšů''
* 2pl: ''xoznăbi''
* 3pl: ''xoznus''


The Class B construct affix -k assimilates with the inalienable suffix: bahieneś 'birth', bahienedda 'your birth'
The Class B construct affix -k assimilates with an inalienable suffix beginning with a consonant:
* bahieneš 'birth'
* bahienek 'birth of'
* bahienekal 'my birth'
* bahienekab 'thy birth'
* bahieneki 'his birth'
* bahienekėšů 'our birth'
* bahiene'''bbi''' 'your (pl.) birth'
* bahienekus 'their birth'


===''ve''-words===
===''ve''-words===
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*''kyve'' 'that'
*''kyve'' 'that'
*''be'' (relativizer; roughly 'which VERBs' or 'which is a NOUN'. The head of a relative clause is only allowed to be its subject or direct object in Classical Netagin.)
*''be'' (relativizer; roughly 'which VERBs' or 'which is a NOUN'. The head of a relative clause is only allowed to be its subject or direct object in Classical Netagin.)
*''qe'' (vocative particle)


===Verbs===
===Verbs===
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====Verb stems====
====Verb stems====
Netagin has 10 binyanim (''piććetůl'' from p-ć-t "time"). Diachronically, Netagin binyanim encoded various aspects, aktionsarten or manners of action (rather than mainly voice like Semitic binyanim):
Netagin has 10 binyanim (''piččetůl'' from p-č-t "time"). Diachronically, Netagin binyanim encoded various aspects, aktionsarten or manners of action (rather than mainly voice like Semitic binyanim):
*Binyan 1 (''mėcaŋ'') verbs are primarily basic iterative, imperfective or habitual actions, including stative verbs ("be cold") and some monotransitives. It is often considered the most basic form.
*Binyan 1 (''mėcal'') verbs are primarily basic iterative, imperfective or habitual actions, including stative verbs ("be cold") and some monotransitives. It is often considered the most basic form.
**For example, ''teŋal'' means 'to know'
**For example, ''telal'' means 'to know'
**''dalum'' = to go by vehicle (uni), as opposed to Binyan 7 ''dollam'' = to go by vehicle (multi).
**''dalum'' = to go by vehicle (uni), as opposed to Binyan 7 ''dollam'' = to go by vehicle (multi).
*Binyan 2 (''qamciŋ'') consists of verbs denote reflexive/reciprocal action ("get dressed", "kiss each other"), or change of state ("thicken"), or perfectives. It's marked by a ''q-'' preformative.
*Binyan 2 (''qamcil'') consists of verbs denote reflexive/reciprocal action ("get dressed", "kiss each other"), or change of state ("thicken"), or perfectives. It's marked by a ''q-'' preformative.
*Binyan 3 (''qămacoŋ'') contains causatives of transitive verbs ("feed") (and of some Binyan c and Binyan g verbs), or a maintainance of state.  It's marked by a ''q-'' preformative like Binyan 2 but has a different pattern.
*Binyan 3 (''qămacol'') contains causatives of transitive verbs ("feed") (and of some Binyan c and Binyan g verbs), or a maintainance of state.  It's marked by a ''q-'' preformative like Binyan 2 but has a different pattern.
*Binyan 4 (''ŋamcoŋ'') is roughly equivalent to the German prefix ''be-'' (applicative). It's marked by a ŋ- preformative.
*Binyan 4 (''lamcol'') is roughly equivalent to the German prefix ''be-'' (applicative). It's marked by a l- preformative.
*Binyan 5 (''qymmacaŋ'') - telic, intensive, momentane or perfective. It's marked by gemination of the first root consonant.
*Binyan 5 (''qymmacal'') - telic, intensive, momentane or perfective. It's marked by gemination of the first root consonant.
*Binyan 6 (''maccoŋ'') - atelic, iterative, many multidirectional motion verbs. It's marked by gemination of the second root consonant.
*Binyan 6 (''maccol'') - atelic, iterative, many multidirectional motion verbs. It's marked by gemination of the second root consonant.
*Binyan 7 (''qycmacoŋ'') - "X a little, almost X". It's marked by reduplicating the second root consonant.
*Binyan 7 (''qycmacol'') - "X a little, almost X". It's marked by reduplicating the second root consonant.
*Binyan 8 (''mescoŋ'') - "X in advance, X for oneself" (tends to be used for self-directed, intentional actions). It's marked by a {{angbr|s}} infix.
*Binyan 8 (''mescol'') - "X in advance, X for oneself" (tends to be used for self-directed, intentional actions). It's marked by a {{angbr|s}} infix.
*Binyan 9 (''măcaŋoŋ'') - frequentative, "-le"; "mis-X, over-X". It's marked by lengthening the stem with the last root consonant.
*Binyan 9 (''măcalol'') - frequentative, "-le"; "mis-X, over-X". It's marked by lengthening the stem with the last root consonant.
*Binyan 10 (''măcacoŋ'') verbs express gradual processes and are used for atelic coming motion verbs. It's makred by lengthening with the second root consonant.
*Binyan 10 (''măcacol'') verbs express gradual processes and are used for atelic coming motion verbs. It's makred by lengthening with the second root consonant.
**Ex. ''hadadex'' 'warm up (literally or romantically)'.
**Ex. ''hadadex'' 'warm up (literally or romantically)'.


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|-
|-
! 1
! 1
| ''mėcaŋ'' || ''-emcaŋ'' || ''-ymyncaŋ'' || ''macůŋ'' || ''maciŋ'', ''myciŋ'' || ''jemceŋ''
| ''mėcal'' || ''-emcal'' || ''-ymyncal'' || ''macůl'' || ''macil'', ''mycil'' || ''jemcel''
|-
|-
! 2
! 2
| ''qamciŋ'' || ''-omcėŋ'' || ''-ymyncėŋ'' || ''qamcůŋ'' || ''tamcieŋ'' || ''jomceŋ''
| ''qamcil'' || ''-omcėl'' || ''-ymyncėl'' || ''qamcůl'' || ''tamciel'' || ''jomcel''
|-
|-
! 3  
! 3  
| ''qămacoŋ'' || ''-amcoŋ'' || ''-ymyncoŋ'' || ''qămacůŋ'' || ''qămcaŋeś'' || ''jamcoŋ''
| ''qămacol'' || ''-amcol'' || ''-ymyncol'' || ''qămacůl'' || ''qămcaleš'' || ''jamcol''
|-
|-
! 4
! 4
| ''ŋamcoŋ'' || ''-yŋmocėŋ'' || ''-yŋmyncėŋ'' || ''ŋamcůŋ'' || ''ŋamcuŋeś'' || ''ŋamceŋ''
| ''lamcol'' || ''-ylmocėl'' || ''-ylmyncėl'' || ''lamcůl'' || ''lamculeš'' || ''lamcel''
|-
|-
! 5
! 5
| ''qymmacaŋ'' || ''-ymmėcoŋ'' || ''-ymmyncoŋ'' || ''qymmacůŋ'' || ''qymmacieŋ'' || ''jimmėceŋ''
| ''qymmacal'' || ''-ymmėcol'' || ''-ymmyncol'' || ''qymmacůl'' || ''qymmaciel'' || ''jimmėcel''
|-
|-
! 6
! 6
| ''maccoŋ'' || ''-ymaccėŋ'' || ''-ymcyncėŋ'' || ''qymaccůŋ'' || ''tymaccieŋ'' || ''jimacceŋ''
| ''maccol'' || ''-ymaccėl'' || ''-ymcyncėl'' || ''qymaccůl'' || ''tymacciel'' || ''jimaccel''
|-
|-
! 7
! 7
| ''qycmacoŋ'' || ''-ycmacėŋ'' || ''-ycmyncoŋ'' || ''qycmacůŋ'' || ''qucmacŋeś'' || ''jicmaceŋ''
| ''qycmacol'' || ''-ycmacėl'' || ''-ycmyncol'' || ''qycmacůl'' || ''qucmacleš'' || ''jicmacel''
|-
|-
! 8
! 8
| ''mescoŋ'' || ''-ymescėŋ'' || ''-ymsyncoŋ'' || ''mescůŋ'' || ''tymescieŋ'' || ''jimesceŋ''
| ''mescol'' || ''-ymescėl'' || ''-ymsyncol'' || ''mescůl'' || ''tymesciel'' || ''jimescel''
|-
|-
! 9
! 9
| ''măcaŋoŋ'' || ''-ymcėŋaŋ'' || ''-ymnycŋoŋ'' || ''măcaŋůŋ'' || ''tymcaŋieŋ'' || ''jimcėŋeŋ''
| ''măcalol'' || ''-ymcėlal'' || ''-ymnyclol'' || ''măcalůl'' || ''tymcaliel'' || ''jimcėlel''
|-
|-
! 10
! 10
| ''măcacoŋ'' || ''-ymcėcaŋ'' || ''-ymnyccoŋ'' || ''măcacůŋ'' || ''tymcacieŋ'' || ''jimcėceŋ''
| ''măcacol'' || ''-ymcėcal'' || ''-ymnyccol'' || ''măcacůl'' || ''tymcaciel'' || ''jimcėcel''
|}
|}


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The independent pronoun is used when using an agent-oriented stem.
The independent pronoun is used when using an agent-oriented stem.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
! rowspan=2 | || rowspan=2 | 1sg || rowspan=2 | 2sg || rowspan=2 | 3sg  || colspan=2 | 1pl || rowspan="2" | 2pl || rowspan="2" | 3pl
! || 1sg || 2sg || 3sg  || 1pl || 2pl || 3pl
|-
! exclusive || inclusive
|-
|-
! Subject affixes: ''mur'' 'walk (to somewhere)'
! Subject affixes: ''mur'' 'walk (to somewhere)'
| ''mur'''xil''''' 'I walk' || ''mur'''xib'''''  || ''mur'' || ''mur'''śů''''' || ''mur'''śiem''''' || ''mur'''ni''''' || ''mur'''o'''''
| ''mur'''xil''''' 'I walk' || ''mur'''xib'''''  || ''mur'' || ''mur'''šů''''' || ''mur'''ni''''' || ''mur'''o'''''
|-
|-
! Object affixes: ''tėŋal'' 'to know' ''
! Object affixes: ''tėlal'' 'to know' ''
| '''''l'''ytŋal-0'' 's/he knows me' || '''''b'''ytŋal-0'' || '''''q'''ytŋal-0'' || '''''ť'''itŋal-0'' || '''''m'''ytŋal-0'' || '''''d'''ytŋăl'''o''''' || '''''q'''ytŋăl'''o'''''
| '''''l'''ytlal-0'' 's/he knows me' || '''''b'''ytlal-0'' || '''''q'''ytlal-0'' || '''''ť'''itlal-0'' || '''''d'''ytlăl'''o''''' || '''''q'''ytlăl'''o'''''
|}
|}
Irrealis forms always use a regularly determined variant of the agent-oriented stem:
Irrealis forms always use a regularly determined variant of the agent-oriented stem:
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| ''mur!'' 'walk thou (thither)!' || ''mur'''o'''!'' 'walk ye!'
| ''mur!'' 'walk thou (thither)!' || ''mur'''o'''!'' 'walk ye!'
|-
|-
! Transitives: ''tėŋal'' 'to know (someone)' ''
! Transitives: ''tėlal'' 'to know (someone)' ''
| ''tyŋal!'' 'know thou him!' || ''tyŋal'''o'''!'' 'know ye him!'
| ''tylal!'' 'know thou him!' || ''tylal'''o'''!'' 'know ye him!'
|}
|}


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Netagins has adverbs to indicate more specific meanings, where English uses prepositions:
Netagins has adverbs to indicate more specific meanings, where English uses prepositions:
*''har'' = generic locative.
*''har'' = generic locative.
**''Qalam-śi har my-tar·al?'' (be_at.3SG.M=Q LOC OBL-house-1SG) = 'Is it in my house?'
**''Qalam-ši har my-tar·al?'' (be_at.3SG.M=Q LOC OBL-house-1SG) = 'Is it in my house?'
*inside
*inside
*outside
*outside
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===Derivation===
===Derivation===
Noun patterns in Netagin are called ''qehtůnůl'' 'builders'.
Noun patterns in Netagin are called ''qehtůnůl'' 'builders'.
* Noun patterns: ''1a23, 1ė23, 1o23, 1a22u3, 1a2a3, 1a2o3, ŋa12u3, 1a2a3, 1a2e3, 1ů2a3, 1i2a3, 1i2i3, 1i2u3''
* Noun patterns: ''1a23, 1ė23, 1o23, 1a22u3, 1a2a3, 1a2o3, la12u3, 1a2a3, 1a2e3, 1ů2a3, 1i2a3, 1i2i3, 1i2u3''
* ''1a22u3'' = adjective relating to personal qualities
* ''1a22u3'' = adjective relating to personal qualities
*''qe12ů3'' = agent noun
*''be12ů3'' = agent noun
*''1a2a3ė, 1a2i3ė, 1a2u3ė'' = nouns
*''1a2a3ė, 1a2i3ė, 1a2u3ė'' = nouns
*''1i22e3'' = resultatives
*''1i22e3'' = resultatives
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*''2o2a3'' = resultative adjective
*''2o2a3'' = resultative adjective
*''2e2ů3'' = event
*''2e2ů3'' = event
*''śi12u3'' = event
*''qi12u3'' = event
*''tu12a3'' (< *tūCCaC < *tawuCCaC)
*''tu12a3'' (< *tūCCaC < *tawuCCaC)
** ''Tumhan'' is derived from m-h-n/tuCCaC
** ''Tumhan'' is derived from m-h-n/tuCCaC
*''śi12a3/śi12ė3'' = instrument
*''qi12a3/qi12ė3'' = instrument
*''va12ie3/va12i3'' = profession
*''ba12ie3/ba12a3'' = profession
*''ty12a3ė/ty12e3ė'' = process
*''ty12a3ė/ty12e3ė'' = process
*''vy12u3'' = patient noun
*''vy12u3'' = patient noun
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*''qi'' = and, also, so
*''qi'' = and, also, so
**from ''qaj'' = indeed; yes, aye; ''mirative particle, like Biblical Hebrew'' הנה
**from ''qaj'' = indeed; yes, aye; ''mirative particle, like Biblical Hebrew'' הנה
*''maŋ'' = or (both inclusive and exclusive or)
*''mal'' = or (both inclusive and exclusive or)
*''ďem'' = or (can only be used for xor)
*''ďem'' = or (can only be used for xor)
*''ba'' = not
*''ba'' = not
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*''bůrbymiek'' = because (etym. not=EMPH 2SG.know)
*''bůrbymiek'' = because (etym. not=EMPH 2SG.know)
*''lynoj'' = although
*''lynoj'' = although
*''lynojaćir'' = although
*''lynojačir'' = although
*''vyzeaŋ'' = but
*''vyzeal'' = but
*''daja'' = but
*''daja'' = but
*''qatie'' = if
*''qatie'' = if
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These conjunctions are unstressed clitics that come in second position. They attach to the emphatic form of the pronoun if the subject is a pronoun.
These conjunctions are unstressed clitics that come in second position. They attach to the emphatic form of the pronoun if the subject is a pronoun.
*''=me'' = waw-consecutive (used for each event in a narrative sequence of events; often implies past tense)
*''=me'' = waw-consecutive (used for each event in a narrative sequence of events; often implies past tense)
*''=ća'' = or
*''=ča'' = or
*''=qar'' = (''poetic'') for
*''=qar'' = (''poetic'') for
*''=hie'' = interrogative or "if"
*''=hie'' = interrogative or "if"
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In prose, a clause is negated by adding ''ba'' before the verb and using the particle ''duk''. It combines with ''ve''-series determiners to form ''de''-series determiners; ''de'' is used before the absolutive constituent.  
In prose, a clause is negated by adding ''ba'' before the verb and using the particle ''duk''. It combines with ''ve''-series determiners to form ''de''-series determiners; ''de'' is used before the absolutive constituent.  


*'''''Ba''' qyŋxar '''duk'''.'' = He is not growing.
*'''''Ba''' qylxar '''duk'''.'' = He is not growing.
*'''''Ba''' qytarrea '''de''' pyźal.'' = The dog does not bark.
*'''''Ba''' qytarrea '''de''' pyžal.'' = The dog does not bark.
*'''''Ba''' qylmea va vůś '''da''' myzuj.'' (NEG 3SG.N-eat-3SG.N VE.N child NEG.ABS-VE.N fruits) = The child does not eat fruit.
*'''''Ba''' qylmea va vůš '''da''' myzuj.'' (NEG 3SG.N-eat-3SG.N VE.N child NEG.ABS-VE.N fruits) = The child does not eat fruit.


''Ba'' also translates "no".
''Ba'' also translates "no".
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===Questions===
===Questions===
Yes-no questions are formed by changing the determiner ''ne'' of the noun being asked about to ''ve''. The particle ''qu'' may optionally be added to the beginning.
Yes-no questions are formed by changing the determiner ''ne'' of the noun being asked about to ''ve''. The particle ''qu'' may optionally be added to the beginning.
:''Lećar ne qama.'' = Mother is at home.
:''Lečar nė qama.'' = Mother is at home.
:''(Qu) lećar ve qama?'' = Is Mother at home?  
:''(Qu) lečar vė qama?'' = Is Mother at home?  


Answering yes-no questions in the positive may use the word ''qaj'' 'indeed' or repeat the focused constituent.
Answering yes-no questions in the positive may use the word ''qaj'' 'indeed' or repeat the focused constituent.
:''- (Qu) lećar vea qama? - Qaj/Lećar.'' = - Is Mother at home? - Yes.
:''- (Qu) lečar vė qama? - Qaj/Lečar.'' = - Is Mother at home? - Yes.


Wh-questions are formed by putting the appropriate interrogative word at the beginning, and using the same determiner change.
Wh-questions are formed by putting the appropriate interrogative word at the beginning, and using the same determiner change.


Jos ve qama? = Where is Mother?
:''Jos vė qama?'' = Where is Mother?
 
:''Jal ve niešab?'' = What (lit. Who) is your name?
Jal ve mieśda? = What (lit. Who) is your name?


===Translating "to be"===
===Translating "to be"===
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*"is-the" (equality): ''rieh ne X ne Y'' "X is Y" (implies that both X and Y are definite)
*"is-the" (equality): ''rieh ne X ne Y'' "X is Y" (implies that both X and Y are definite)
*"there exists": ''qaj ne X'' = "There exists X"  
*"there exists": ''qaj ne X'' = "There exists X"  
*"is + location": ''[lėćar] ne xib X'' = "X is [home]" (lit. "home is X's location")
*"is + location": ''[lėčar] ne xib X'' = "X is [home]" (lit. "home is X's location")
*"is (going to) + destination": ''Lėćar ne abev X'' = 'X is going home' (lit. "home is X's thither")
*"is (going to) + destination": ''Lėčar ne abev X'' = 'X is going home' (lit. "home is X's thither")
*"is (coming from) + source": ''Tumhan ne rahov X'' = 'X is from Tumhan' (lit. "Tumhan is X's thence")
*"is (coming from) + source": ''Tumhan ne rahov X'' = 'X is from Tumhan' (lit. "Tumhan is X's thence")
*"is + ADJ": ''[badej] X'' = "X [is big]"
*"is + ADJ": ''[badej] X'' = "X [is big]"


===Possession===
===Possession===
The h-possessive ("X has a Y") is formed with the existence construction, applied to the genitive phrase "X's Y". So to say "I have a book" one literally says "There is a book of mine":
The h-possessive ("X has a Y") is formed with the existence construction, applied to the genitive phrase "X's Y". So to say "I have a book" one literally says "There is a book of mine" (even more literally, "behold, a book of mine"):


  Qaj ne padudal. (MIR DET.M book-1SG)
  Qaj ne padudal. (MIR DET.M book-1SG)


The b-possessive ("X belongs to Y" etc.): The noun ''gáqem'' can be used in a possessive construction:
The b-possessive ("X belongs to Y" etc.): The noun ''láqem'' can be used in a possessive construction:


  Ŋáqmal na źiri. = The sword is mine (lit. is my possession).
  láqmal na žiri. = The sword is mine (lit. is my possession).


Alternatively, the possessive construction "X is Y's X[head noun in X]" can be used:
Alternatively, the possessive construction "X is Y's X[head noun in X]" can be used:


  Žirjal na źiri. = The sword is mine. (lit. The sword is my sword)
  Žirjal na žiri. = The sword is mine. (lit. The sword is my sword)


===Relative clauses===
===Relative clauses===
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For balanced relative clauses, Netagin has the relativizer ''he''. Netagin restricts relative clause syntax in that the head must be a direct object of the relative clause (if necessary, after taking the applicative form of the verb).
For balanced relative clauses, Netagin has the relativizer ''he''. Netagin restricts relative clause syntax in that the head must be a direct object of the relative clause (if necessary, after taking the applicative form of the verb).


:''nea páles '''hea''' '''s'''admurxil'' - the cake that I made
:''nė páles '''hė''' '''s'''admurxil'' - the cake that I made


Only subjects and direct objects can be relativized directly. Relativizing oblique objects requires using the applicative voice:
Only subjects and direct objects can be relativized directly. Relativizing oblique objects requires using the applicative voice:
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Possessors also use the applicative strategy. However, if the verb already has an object, the verb's object affix agrees with the original object, not the relativized noun.
Possessors also use the applicative strategy. However, if the verb already has an object, the verb's object affix agrees with the original object, not the relativized noun.
:''nea jove '''hea''' qytymŋalxil (*sytymŋalxil) ne qeb''
:''nė jove '''hė''' qytymlalxil (*sytymlalxil) ne qeb''
:DET girl REL appl-3SG.M-know.1SG DET father
:DET girl REL appl-3SG.M-know.1SG DET father
:the girl whose father I know  
:the girl whose father I know  
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*For comparison of adverbs, again the auxiliary verb corresponding to the adverb is used with either the transgressive or the verbal noun of the lexical verb. The auxiliary can take applicatives and direct objects: ''the only student I can jump higher than'' = "the only student REL him-APPL-do_better-1SG jump.TRGR"(pseudogloss)
*For comparison of adverbs, again the auxiliary verb corresponding to the adverb is used with either the transgressive or the verbal noun of the lexical verb. The auxiliary can take applicatives and direct objects: ''the only student I can jump higher than'' = "the only student REL him-APPL-do_better-1SG jump.TRGR"(pseudogloss)


The ''pyśme vean'' "such that" + resumptive pronoun construction is always available in late Classical Netagin. The applicative has been lost in Modern Netagin vernaculars, which instead use the gap strategy, like Southeast Asian languages. Internally headed relative clauses are restricted to poetry, even in Classical Netagin.
The ''pyšme vėn'' "such that" + resumptive pronoun construction is always available in late Classical Netagin. The applicative has been lost in Modern Netagin, which instead uses the gap strategy, like Southeast Asian languages. Internally headed relative clauses are restricted to poetry, even in Classical Netagin.


==== Deranked relative clauses ====
==== Deranked relative clauses ====
Netagin also has deranked relative clauses, which uses possessed verbal nouns and mirror similar constructions in Lushootseed (cf. English ''the weapon of your choosing''). The possessor of such a verbal noun is always the patient. This construction must be used exactly when the subject is the head.
Netagin also has deranked relative clauses, which uses possessed verbal nouns and mirror similar constructions in Lushootseed (cf. English ''the weapon of your choosing''). The possessor of such a verbal noun is always the argument marked with ''qy''. This construction must be used exactly when the subject is the head.


ni myzuj bi qylmie viel 'the fruit that I eat' has a deranked relative clause counterpart: ''ni myzuj lamjal'' (DET fruit-3SG eat/VN-1SG.POSS 'the fruit of my eating'); however this means 'the fruit that eats me'.
ni myzuj bi qylmie viel 'the fruit that I eat' has a deranked relative clause counterpart: ''ni myzuj lamjal'' (DET fruit-3SG eat/VN-1SG.POSS 'the fruit of my eating'); however this means 'the fruit that eats me'.
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'before' = hamet
'before' = hamet


'after' = ŋahed
'after' = lahed


'as soon as' = {{ng}}růb
'as soon as' = lrůb


===Conditional clauses===
===Conditional clauses===
* =hie = if (realis)
* =hie = if (realis)
* ={{ng}}o = if (counterfactual)
* =lo = if (counterfactual)


===Reason clauses===
===Reason clauses===
* {{ng}}ahed = since
* lahed = since
* bůr = because; lest (< *bār < *ba=qar not=EMPH 'is it not true that...')
* bůr = because; lest (< *bār < *ba=qar not=EMPH 'is it not true that...')
* bůrbymiek = because (etym. not=EMPH 2SG.know)
* bůrbymiek = because (etym. not=EMPH 2SG.know)
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Netagin does not have exact equivalents for the English verbs "go", "carry", or "bring". Netagin motion verbs vary along two dimensions: one dimension is the method or direction of transport and one dimension is the telicity of the verb. Unidirectional, or telic, motion verbs express one-time motion towards a destination, either away from or towards the speaker. Multidirectional, or atelic, verbs express undirected motion, repeated directed motion, or back-and-forth motion. The directionality is usually expressed by binyan change, but is sometimes expressed through suppletion. Note that some intransitive-transitive syncretism occurs, but this isn't an issue as verbs themselves have intransitive and transitive conjugations.
Netagin does not have exact equivalents for the English verbs "go", "carry", or "bring". Netagin motion verbs vary along two dimensions: one dimension is the method or direction of transport and one dimension is the telicity of the verb. Unidirectional, or telic, motion verbs express one-time motion towards a destination, either away from or towards the speaker. Multidirectional, or atelic, verbs express undirected motion, repeated directed motion, or back-and-forth motion. The directionality is usually expressed by binyan change, but is sometimes expressed through suppletion. Note that some intransitive-transitive syncretism occurs, but this isn't an issue as verbs themselves have intransitive and transitive conjugations.


go vs. come in atelic?
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
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|-
|-
| to go by foot, to walk
| to go by foot, to walk
| ''mir'' (Binyan 1) || ''mur'' (Binyan 2) || ''vaććol'' (Binyan 6) || ''văćaćol'' (Binyan 10)
| ''mir'' (Binyan 1) || ''lun'' (Binyan 2) || ''vaččol'' (Binyan 6) || ''văčačol'' (Binyan 10)
|-
|-
| to go with a land vehicle<small>
| to go with a land vehicle<small>
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|-
|-
| to go in
| to go in
| ''xapuŋ'' (Binyan 1) || ''qaxpoŋ'' (Binyan 2) || ''xappoŋ'' (Binyan 6) || ''xăpapoŋ'' (Binyan 10)
| ''xapul'' (Binyan 1) || ''qaxpol'' (Binyan 2) || ''xappol'' (Binyan 6) || ''xăpapol'' (Binyan 10)
|-
|-
| to go out; to rise (of heavenly bodies and other inanimate beings)
| to go out; to rise (of heavenly bodies and other inanimate beings)
| ''pakuś'' (Binyan 1) || ''qapkoś'' (Binyan 2) || ''pakkoś'' (Binyan 6) || ''păkakoś'' (Binyan 10)
| ''pakuš'' (Binyan 1) || ''qapkoš'' (Binyan 2) || ''pakkoš'' (Binyan 6) || ''păkakoš'' (Binyan 10)
|-
|-
| to set (of heavenly bodies)<br/>to fall (of precipitation)
| to set (of heavenly bodies)<br/>to fall (of precipitation)
| ''śabuď'' (Binyan 1) || ''qaśboď'' (Binyan 2) || ''śabboď'' (Binyan 6) || ''śibaboď'' (Binyan 10)
| ''šabuď'' (Binyan 1) || ''qašboď'' (Binyan 2) || ''šabboď'' (Binyan 6) || ''šibaboď'' (Binyan 10)
|-
|-
| to run  
| to run  
| ''ŋiź'' (Binyan 1) || ''ŋuź'' (Binyan 2) || ''ŋavvoź'' (Binyan 6) || ''ŋăvavoź'' (Binyan 10)
| ''liž'' (Binyan 1) || ''luž'' (Binyan 2) || ''lavvož'' (Binyan 6) || ''lăvavož'' (Binyan 10)
|-
|-
| to swim  
| to swim  
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|-
|-
| to flow (of a fluid or current)
| to flow (of a fluid or current)
| ''behal'' (Binyan 1) || ''qabhol'' (Binyan 2) || ''bahol'' (Binyan 6) || ''băhahot'' (Binyan 10)
| ''behal'' (Binyan 1) || ''qabhol'' (Binyan 2) || ''bahol'' (Binyan 6) || ''băhahol'' (Binyan 10)
|-
|-
| to roll  
| to roll  
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|-
|-
| to carry, bring (on foot)
| to carry, bring (on foot)
| ''ŋapsoŋ'' (Binyan 4) || ''qapsoŋ'' (Binyan 2) || ''passoŋ'' (Binyan 6) || ''păsasoŋ'' (Binyan 10)
| ''lapsol'' (Binyan 4) || ''qapsol'' (Binyan 2) || ''passol'' (Binyan 6) || ''păsasol'' (Binyan 10)
|-
|-
| to carry, bring (using a vehicle) <small>(trans.)</small>
| to carry, bring (using a vehicle) <small>(trans.)</small>
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|-
|-
| to carry, bring in
| to carry, bring in
| ''ŋaxpoŋ'' (Binyan 5) || ''qyxxapoŋ'' (Binyan 5) || ''xappoŋ'' (Binyan 6) || ''xăpapoŋ'' (Binyan 10)
| ''laxpol'' (Binyan 5) || ''qyxxapol'' (Binyan 5) || ''xappol'' (Binyan 6) || ''xăpapol'' (Binyan 10)
|-
|-
| to carry, bring out
| to carry, bring out
| ''ŋapdoś'' (Binyan 4) || ''qyppadoś'' (Binyan 5) || ''paddoś'' (Binyan 6) || ''pădadoś'' (Binyan 10)
| ''lapdoš'' (Binyan 4) || ''qyppadoš'' (Binyan 5) || ''paddoš'' (Binyan 6) || ''pădadoš'' (Binyan 10)
|-
|-
| to pull, drag <small>(trans.)</small>  
| to pull, drag <small>(trans.)</small>  
| ''kaćol'' (Binyan 1) || ''qakćol'' (Binyan 2) || ''qykaćol'' (Binyan 3) || ''kăćacol'' (Binyan 10)
| ''kačol'' (Binyan 1) || ''qakčol'' (Binyan 2) || ''qykačol'' (Binyan 3) || ''kăčacol'' (Binyan 10)
|-
|-
| to drive (an animal or a vehicle), lead
| to drive (an animal or a vehicle), lead
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|}
|}


* ''Mir vy{{ng}}pielek Săvarxal'' 'He got into / will get into Săfarchal University'
* ''Mir vylpielek Săvarxal'' 'He got into / will get into Săfarchal University'
* ''Vaććol vy{{ng}}pielek Săvarxal'' 'He used to attend / attends / will continue to attend Săfarchal University'
* ''Vaččol vylpielek Săvarxal'' 'He used to attend / attends / will continue to attend Săfarchal University'


===Verbs for "to wear"===
===Verbs for "to wear"===


==Poetic Classical Netagin==
==Poetic Classical Netagin==
Classical Netagin poetry uses meters similar to Hebrew piyyut meters. For example, the marnin aka hazaj meter is SLLLSLLL, where S must be an open syllable with a reduced vowel (underlyingly either an ''ă'' /ə/ or an ''y'' /ɨ/) and L is any heavy syllable (i.e. having a non-reduced vowel). Poetry from the Classical Netagin era is replete with allusions to older Classical Netagin literature (much like how Hebrew piyyutim use Tanakh allusions and Classical Chinese literature allude to older Classical Chinese works); there are some poems that are entirely "Darmok and Jalad at Tanagra".
Classical Netagin poetry uses meters similar to Hebrew piyyut meters. For example, the marnin aka hazaj meter is SLLLSLLL, where S must be an open syllable with a reduced vowel (underlyingly either an ''ă'' /ə/ or an ''y'' /ɨ/) and L is any heavy syllable (i.e. having a non-reduced vowel). Highly educated poetry from the Classical Netagin era is replete with allusions to older Classical Netagin literature which the reader is expected to understand (much like how Hebrew piyyutim use Tanakh allusions and Classical Chinese literature alludes to older Classical Chinese works); there are some poems that are entirely "Darmok and Jalad at Tanagra". Some such expressions are still used in present-day spoken Netagin.


Poetic Netagin was a separate register from prose Classical Netagin, and has the following characteristics:
Poetic Netagin was a separate register from prose Classical Netagin, and has the following characteristics:
Line 704: Line 709:
<poem>
<poem>
Hazaj meter:
Hazaj meter:
''Tyhům śatlej ry-ćannevear,''
''Tyhům šetlej ry-čennevear,''
''Kadob pehlať qa-vahmavear,''
''Kadob pehlať qa-vahmavear,''
''Qale'ad tu pa-nojjannem,''
''Qale'ad tu pa-nojjannem,''
''Hypiere źůj vyto śotnem.''
''Hypiere žůj vyto šotnem.''


Shakhar Avakeshkha:
Shakhar Avakeshkha:
''Takum pyćie takum | paruj pălen qakhoj,''
''Takum pyčie takum | paruj pălen qakhoj,''
''Qeki śikov leťin | qabsan typien lahoj.''
''Qeki šikov leťin | qabsan typien lahoj.''


Yigdal meter:
Yigdal meter:
''Peslam myŋeptak ďah mynej ve'ůx,''
''Peslam myleptak ďah mynej ve'ůx,''
''Mireať ćypa korin pa-ruze'ůx.''
''Mireať čipa korin pa-ruze'ůx.''
''Dolper qyniv neliem tyja toźie,''
''Dolper qyniv neliem tyja tožie,''
''Bon niem sy-daśkavin lyma peźie.''
''Bon niem sy-daškavin lyma pežie.''


Piyyut meter + luc bat:
Piyyut meter + luc bat:
''Lavympălić kasvo,''
''Lavympălič kasvo,''
''Cymil ťole{{ng}} śivo tamlis,''
''Cymil ťolel šivo tamlis,''
''Meři tyvů{{ng}} qollis,''
''Meri tyvůl qollis,''
''Qyher malśam xylis banhie!''
''Qyher malšam xylis banhie!''
''Mi-ďpal, ny roxep hie,''
''Mi-ďpal, ny roxep hie,''
''Pyqiź baťům vyhie vocem.''
''Pyqiž baťům vyhie vocem.''
</poem>
</poem>


== Trivia ==
== Trivia ==
A common language game in Netagin, called ''ne bric Pălohin'' 'the marine demon/ogre/troll language', consists of reversing the consonants of the consonantal root of every content word:
A common language game in Netagin, called ''ne bric Pălohin'' 'the marine demon language', consists of reversing the consonants of the consonantal root of every content word:


''Rekăśo ne qalban śur my-talkieć lahůn.'' -> ''Šekăro ne qanbal ruś my-taćkiel nahůl.''
''Rekăšo ne qalban šur my-talkieč lahůn.'' -> ''Šekăro ne qanbal ruš my-tačkiel nahůl.''


''bric Pălohin'' -> ''crib Hălopin''
''bric Pălohin'' -> ''crib Hălopin''
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Modern Std. Netagin
Modern Std. Netagin


''Rekăśo ne qalban śur my-talkieć lahůn. Qysvăxo ne Saxieř Băravied: Hadir vyni?''
''Rekăšo ne qalban šur my-talkieč lahůn. Qysvăxo ne Saxier Băravied: Hadir vyni?''
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<!--
(''Málasj cóvlach wa fadí thowl lyur, lowkh safaení łur laath: "Syul drúl ał syul! Alvón tóvle, sobathímm fortán, drúl syulac, sobathímm ámmenac, laath bathímmac."'')
(''Málasj cóvlach wa fadí thowl lyur, lowkh safaení łur laath: "Syul drúl ał syul! Alvón tóvle, sobathímm fortán, drúl syulac, sobathímm ámmenac, laath bathímmac."'')
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=== A piyyut ===
=== Anthem of Tumhan ===
The lyrics are in LLSLLLSLLL meter (like the Jewish piyyut Yigdal). The theme is self-reliance.
 
(Use a non-neutralized hanier for the tune)
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<poem>
'''Literary Netagin''' (WIP)
 
1. ''Lėšė dypiekėšů my-xiem teďmaz — ďamzeš myri muršů dyťek bahan.''
''Xabbok lykuzėšů my-jiplėlur — saqůx hyčů kippel qi-ram my-ďhan.''
 
2. ''Bar tansybik haviš qi-riv nozab — rahod ny viťėšů lăqal žihan.''
''Vajek ny bakkaneš vy laplėšů — ba kam myhen qappův ny hėz Tumhan!''
</poem>
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<poem>
Translation (WIP)
 
1. Our ancestors stepped in the fertilizing rocks --- the soil which we have walked in out of our cradle of birth.
Our plows dug diligently since we left the low and high places of the animist spirits.
 
2. For the fount of the mountains and the rains of the skies began the vigorous growth in our garden.
The world has left us raw material --- the people of Tumhan shall not leave it waiting!
</poem>
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== Phrasebook ==
== Phrasebook ==
* ''Dyktie viel'' = I love you.
* ''Dyktie viel'' = I love you.
* ''Dyrśid viel'' = I admire you.
* ''Dyršid viel'' = I admire you.
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
Retrieved from "https://duo.linguifex.com/wiki/Netagin"