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'''Thensarian''' (''thēnsaraquhanquhus/-milacus'', Thengkha: ''Thengsornkhwong'') is a classical Ramanuric language and one of two superstrate languages of [[Thengkha]]. It is inspired by Latin, Sanskrit, and Ancient Greek, and it is a parody of fantasy languages inspired by Latin and Greek, such as High Valyrian.
{{list subpages}}
== Diachronics ==
=== Consonants ===
* p' -> PEK mˁ
* t' -> PEK tˁ
* k' -> PEK q
* PIr l -> PEK ć
* PIr y/g/hiatus breaker -> PEK y
* PIr k -> PEK ç
* PIr ng, r -> lengthens preceding vowel if before C, PEK 0 otherwise
* PIr s -> PEK χ
* PIr b/w -> PEK β
* PIr d -> ð (r in retroflexing environments)
* final nasal -> {{ng}}
* Non-final nasals stay put (n in PIr /rVn/ retroflexes)
* p, t stay put (t in PIr /rVt/ retroflexes)
 
=== Vowels ===
PIr ă -> ə


Lots of reduplication, especially in verbs
urV, orV, arV -> orV, arV, erV -> oV aV eV


Should sound whimsical or English magic spell-like
ira iro iru -> iwa iwo iwu
== Lexicon ==
* Names with syllabic r: Axṛcas, Phṛtus, Bṛxānas, Squṛnis, Bacṛnceps, Maccṛgitus, Nṛtrāniā, Ṛcquhēdā, Ṛtirry, Vṝbā
* ''mṛdālum'' 'to fuck'
* Manx (a name) → Theng. -mong
* Marx (a surname or surname element) → Theng. -mak
* Carlumarx (a surname) → Kornlumak
* Graosimarx (a surname, ← "Grouchy Marx" ← Groucho Marx) → Khraosimak
* Barthagangus (Phatthakhong) ''a surname''
* Barthanaculus -> Phatthanakul
* Bartharavancus -> Phattharawong
* Barthavidaeus -> Phatthawithai
* Barthavanxālus -> Phatthawongsarn
* ''Utrēmi-phasůlā'' = ''a religious text/mantra''
* ''ut-/ud-''
* ''quā-'' 're-, over-'
* ''quē'' '2'
* ''quacumquasit'' = however
* Xanāx ''a unisex name''
* Xanasvācā ''a name''
* Xatrēpus ''a name''
* Bandaeum (Theng. ''Phonthai'') = the capital of the Thensarian empire
* ''haothispēllum'' = sorcery (from ''haothim'' 'ritual' + ''pēllum'' 'fruit; output, implementation, work')
* ''spůbiao'' = facetiously
* ''spůbispēllum'' = facetiousness (''spůbis'' 'mirth' + ''pēllum'')
* ''hůbispůbium'' = magic spell
* ''baxaphus'' (<- gweķsobhos): borrowing
* ''rhaxū'' 'love'
* ''asynsymůs'' 'hate'
* ''cambar'' 'room'
* Kambarys (Theng. ''Kampharuet'') ''a nobility-only name, meaning 'room-ful; memorialized'''
* ''gladys'' 'god'
* Durys (a name)
* Chalguxus ''a city''
* ''quēdratim'' 'hour'
* ''arclys'' 'horse' (Lithuanian easter egg)
* Karys (a name)


''Rhaxuvē/-xū hīn asynsymave/-mů ēlir quaquhanix'' 'We are speaking of love and hate'
Same-vowel weakening rule: e.g. PI sumur is treated as if it were sămur


-ao for adverbs
== Family tree ==
* Erno-Kawenic
** [[Verse:Mwail/Kawenic languages|Kawenic]]
** [[Verse:Mwail/Ernic languages|Ernic]]


== Phonology ==
== Phonology ==
Proto-Erno-Kawenic is characterized by unusual sound changes from Proto-Irenesian.
=== Consonants ===
=== Consonants ===
* ''qu quh'' /k{{w}} k{{w}}{{h}}/
{| class="wikitable
* ''g c/k ch'' /g k k{{h}}/
|-
* ''d t th n'' /d{{den}} t{{den}} t{{den}}{{h}} n/
!rowspan=2|
* ''b p ph m'' /b p p{{asp}} m/
!colspan=2| Labial
* ''j r rh l v s h'' /j r r{{v-}} l w s{{ret}} h/
!rowspan=2| Denti-alveolar
* ''x'' = /ks{{ret}}/
!rowspan=2| Retroflex
!rowspan=2| Palatal
!rowspan=2| Uvular
|-
!|plain
!|pharyngealized
|-
!|Nasal
|| '''m''' /m/ || '''mˁ''' /mˁ/ || '''n''' /n&#810;/ || '''n&#803;''' /ɳ/ || ||
|-
!|Stop
|| '''p''' /p/ || '''pˁ''' /pˁ/ || '''t''' /t&#810;/ || '''t&#803;''' /ʈ/ || '''ć''' /tɕ/ || '''q''' /q/
|-
!|Fricative
|| || || || '''s&#803;''' /ʂ/ || '''ç''' /ç/ || '''x''' /χ/
|-
!|Continuant
|| '''β''' /β/ || || '''δ''' /ð/ || '''r''' /ɻ/ || '''y''' /j/ ||
|}


=== Vowels ===
=== Vowels ===
Like Sanskrit: ''a ā i y u ū ē ů ae ao ṛ ṝ ''  
Short i e a o u ə
* Early Classical Thensarian: /ɐ a{{long}} i i{{long}} u u{{long}} e{{long}} o{{long}} ai au r{{syll}} r{{syll}}ː/
 
* Late Classical Thensarian: /ɐ a{{long}} ɪ i{{long}} ʊ ü{{long}} e{{long}} u{{lowered}}{{long}} ae ao r{{syll}} r{{syll}}ː/
Long ī ē ā ō ū
 
Nasal iñ eñ añ oñ uñ əñ
 
Coloring effects
 
== Grammar ==
I have to have a solid idea of how nouns work in PEK; I'm probably gonna cliticize classifiers after nouns
 
So the classifier is almost a suffix, maybe fully a suffix by PEK
 
That may affect the Ernish I have now, which I'm willing to accept. In that case Ernish should probably choose one form, probably the PEK genitive plural for most nouns.
 
Ensuring that Quququqquq genitives always end in a vowel is easy
 
Genitive should be -some vowel + (ng) in PI


== Morphology ==
Some nouns, like proper nouns, family terms and body parts, shouldn't have classifiers
IE clone; I'm not gonna work too hard on making Thensarian grammar original, as the purpose of Thensarian is just to be a loan source for Thengkha.


Todo: research PIE ablaut
=== Classifiers ===
=== Nouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
Usually, the nominative singular case markers are -s masc, -ā/-y/-ū fem, -m neuter, -r/-ů collective. ''-rys'' is a suffix deriving names from ''-r'' nouns, reserved for the Thensarian nobility.
!| PEK classifier || Domain || Etymology
|-
|| sg. ''=nuć'', pl. ''=çe''
|| generic inanimate
|-
|| sg. ''=pće'', pl. ''=mut''
|| inanimate (pejorative)
|-
|| sg. ''=hoi'', pl. ''=au''
|| human
|-
|| sg. ''=qβe'', pl. ''=poyap''
|| human (pejorative)
|-
|| ''=upi''
|| generic animal
|-
|| ''=tiβo''
|| livestock
|-
|| ''=toyu''
|| animate (pejorative)
|-
|| ''=mˁō''
|| animate (pejorative)
|-
|| ''=pˁat''
|| flat sheets
|-
|| ''=əmço''
|| flat sheets (pejorative)
|-
|| ''=çeoñ''
|| trees and bushes; streams, rivers
|-
|| ''=uox''
|| herbaceous plants
|-
|| ''=epçi''
|| any plant (pejorative)
|-
|| ''=βuδ''
|| flowers, bunches of fruit
|-
|| ''=tia''
|| paths, ways
|-
|| ''=uhiç''
|| long thin objects
|-
|| ''=uyop''
|| fruits, spheres
|-
|| ''=tuć''
|| circles, rings
|-
|| ''=ex''
|| buildings
|-
|| ''=mˁəδañ''
|| vehicles
|-
|| ''=xəβuq''
|| man-made things (pejorative)
|-
|| ''=ćep''
|| marks, like written characters, wounds, ...
|-
|| ''=uñqe''
|| important places and events
|}


=== Adjectives ===
=== Sandbox ===
''-ao'' forms adverbs
PI urim 'rose apple' (bare) -> PEK oiŋ 'apple (is-a form); Apple (name form)' -> Ernish oi 'ibid.'
=== Verbs ===
* Infinitive -lum: -alum, -ālum, -ylum, -ūlum, -y{{mac}}lum
* Personal endings: 1sg -r, 2sg -s, 3sg -m, 1pl.ex, -ivi, 1pl.in -x, 2pl -phus, 3pl -phiam


Verb stems mainly use reduplication and Sanskrit-style ablaut to mark tense.
PI urim uop -> PEK oiŋ=uyop 'the apple' -> Ernish oinguzop 'apple (singular)'


=== Reduplication sandbox ===
PI **urim bawăd -> PEK oiŋ bawəd -> oimbaud 'apples (plural)'
(Grassmann's law operates on reduplicants.)
==== Inflectional ====
* Ca- reduplicant for the progressive aspect
:: ''quhanix'' 'we speak'; ''quaquhanix'' 'we are speaking'
* CalaC- reduplicant for the past tense
:: ''qualaquhanix'' 'we spoke'; ''quaqualaquhanix'' 'we were speaking'
* CabraC- reduplicant for the irrealis
:: ''quabraquhanix'' 'we shall speak; let us speak'


==== Derivational ====
PI tiroŋ 'head' -> PEK tiwo: -> Ernish tiwo
* ''quhan-alum'' = to speak -> ''quhan<quh>us'' = speech?
(body parts don't take classifiers)
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